误差条形图中的上限和下限

在matplotlib中，误差条可以有“限制”。对误差线应用限制实质上使误差单向。因此，可以分别通过uplims，lolims，xuplims和xlolims参数在y方向和x方向上应用上限和下限。 这些参数可以是标量或布尔数组。

例如，如果xlolims为True，则x-error条形将仅从数据扩展到递增值。如果uplims是一个填充了False的数组，除了第4和第7个值之外，所有y误差条都是双向的，除了第4和第7个条形，它们将从数据延伸到减小的y值。

条形图限制示例

  1. import numpy as np
  2. import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
  4. # example data
  5. x = np.array([0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0])
  6. y = np.exp(-x)
  7. xerr = 0.1
  8. yerr = 0.2
  10. # lower & upper limits of the error
  11. lolims = np.array([0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0], dtype=bool)
  12. uplims = np.array([0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1], dtype=bool)
  13. ls = 'dotted'
  15. fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(7, 4))
  17. # standard error bars
  18. ax.errorbar(x, y, xerr=xerr, yerr=yerr, linestyle=ls)
  20. # including upper limits
  21. ax.errorbar(x, y + 0.5, xerr=xerr, yerr=yerr, uplims=uplims,
  22.             linestyle=ls)
  24. # including lower limits
  25. ax.errorbar(x, y + 1.0, xerr=xerr, yerr=yerr, lolims=lolims,
  26.             linestyle=ls)
  28. # including upper and lower limits
  29. ax.errorbar(x, y + 1.5, xerr=xerr, yerr=yerr,
  30.             lolims=lolims, uplims=uplims,
  31.             marker='o', markersize=8,
  32.             linestyle=ls)
  34. # Plot a series with lower and upper limits in both x & y
  35. # constant x-error with varying y-error
  36. xerr = 0.2
  37. yerr = np.zeros_like(x) + 0.2
  38. yerr[[3, 6]] = 0.3
  40. # mock up some limits by modifying previous data
  41. xlolims = lolims
  42. xuplims = uplims
  43. lolims = np.zeros(x.shape)
  44. uplims = np.zeros(x.shape)
  45. lolims[[6]] = True  # only limited at this index
  46. uplims[[3]] = True  # only limited at this index
  48. # do the plotting
  49. ax.errorbar(x, y + 2.1, xerr=xerr, yerr=yerr,
  50.             xlolims=xlolims, xuplims=xuplims,
  51.             uplims=uplims, lolims=lolims,
  52.             marker='o', markersize=8,
  53.             linestyle='none')
  55. # tidy up the figure
  56. ax.set_xlim((0, 5.5))
  57. ax.set_title('Errorbar upper and lower limits')
  58. plt.show()

下载这个示例