填充直方图

用于绘制直方图的剖面线功能。

import itertools
from collections import OrderedDict
from functools import partial
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.ticker as mticker
from cycler import cycler
def filled_hist(ax, edges, values, bottoms=None, orientation='v',
                **kwargs):
    """
    Draw a histogram as a stepped patch.
    Extra kwargs are passed through to `fill_between`
    Parameters
    ----------
    ax : Axes
        The axes to plot to
    edges : array
        A length n+1 array giving the left edges of each bin and the
        right edge of the last bin.
    values : array
        A length n array of bin counts or values
    bottoms : scalar or array, optional
        A length n array of the bottom of the bars.  If None, zero is used.
    orientation : {'v', 'h'}
       Orientation of the histogram.  'v' (default) has
       the bars increasing in the positive y-direction.
    Returns
    -------
    ret : PolyCollection
        Artist added to the Axes
    """
    print(orientation)
    if orientation not in 'hv':
        raise ValueError("orientation must be in {{'h', 'v'}} "
                         "not {o}".format(o=orientation))
    kwargs.setdefault('step', 'post')
    edges = np.asarray(edges)
    values = np.asarray(values)
    if len(edges) - 1 != len(values):
        raise ValueError('Must provide one more bin edge than value not: '
                         'len(edges): {lb} len(values): {lv}'.format(
                             lb=len(edges), lv=len(values)))
    if bottoms is None:
        bottoms = np.zeros_like(values)
    if np.isscalar(bottoms):
        bottoms = np.ones_like(values) * bottoms
    values = np.r_[values, values[-1]]
    bottoms = np.r_[bottoms, bottoms[-1]]
    if orientation == 'h':
        return ax.fill_betweenx(edges, values, bottoms,
                                **kwargs)
    elif orientation == 'v':
        return ax.fill_between(edges, values, bottoms,
                               **kwargs)
    else:
        raise AssertionError("you should never be here")
def stack_hist(ax, stacked_data, sty_cycle, bottoms=None,
               hist_func=None, labels=None,
               plot_func=None, plot_kwargs=None):
    """
    ax : axes.Axes
        The axes to add artists too
    stacked_data : array or Mapping
        A (N, M) shaped array.  The first dimension will be iterated over to
        compute histograms row-wise
    sty_cycle : Cycler or operable of dict
        Style to apply to each set
    bottoms : array, optional
        The initial positions of the bottoms, defaults to 0
    hist_func : callable, optional
        Must have signature `bin_vals, bin_edges = f(data)`.
        `bin_edges` expected to be one longer than `bin_vals`
    labels : list of str, optional
        The label for each set.
        If not given and stacked data is an array defaults to 'default set {n}'
        If stacked_data is a mapping, and labels is None, default to the keys
        (which may come out in a random order).
        If stacked_data is a mapping and labels is given then only
        the columns listed by be plotted.
    plot_func : callable, optional
        Function to call to draw the histogram must have signature:
          ret = plot_func(ax, edges, top, bottoms=bottoms,
                          label=label, **kwargs)
    plot_kwargs : dict, optional
        Any extra kwargs to pass through to the plotting function.  This
        will be the same for all calls to the plotting function and will
        over-ride the values in cycle.
    Returns
    -------
    arts : dict
        Dictionary of artists keyed on their labels
    """
    # deal with default binning function
    if hist_func is None:
        hist_func = np.histogram
    # deal with default plotting function
    if plot_func is None:
        plot_func = filled_hist
    # deal with default
    if plot_kwargs is None:
        plot_kwargs = {}
    print(plot_kwargs)
    try:
        l_keys = stacked_data.keys()
        label_data = True
        if labels is None:
            labels = l_keys
    except AttributeError:
        label_data = False
        if labels is None:
            labels = itertools.repeat(None)
    if label_data:
        loop_iter = enumerate((stacked_data[lab], lab, s)
                              for lab, s in zip(labels, sty_cycle))
    else:
        loop_iter = enumerate(zip(stacked_data, labels, sty_cycle))
    arts = {}
    for j, (data, label, sty) in loop_iter:
        if label is None:
            label = 'dflt set {n}'.format(n=j)
        label = sty.pop('label', label)
        vals, edges = hist_func(data)
        if bottoms is None:
            bottoms = np.zeros_like(vals)
        top = bottoms + vals
        print(sty)
        sty.update(plot_kwargs)
        print(sty)
        ret = plot_func(ax, edges, top, bottoms=bottoms,
                        label=label, **sty)
        bottoms = top
        arts[label] = ret
    ax.legend(fontsize=10)
    return arts
# set up histogram function to fixed bins
edges = np.linspace(-3, 3, 20, endpoint=True)
hist_func = partial(np.histogram, bins=edges)
# set up style cycles
color_cycle = cycler(facecolor=plt.rcParams['axes.prop_cycle'][:4])
label_cycle = cycler(label=['set {n}'.format(n=n) for n in range(4)])
hatch_cycle = cycler(hatch=['/', '*', '+', '|'])
# Fixing random state for reproducibility
np.random.seed(19680801)
stack_data = np.random.randn(4, 12250)
dict_data = OrderedDict(zip((c['label'] for c in label_cycle), stack_data))

使用普通数组

fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(9, 4.5), tight_layout=True)
arts = stack_hist(ax1, stack_data, color_cycle + label_cycle + hatch_cycle,
                  hist_func=hist_func)
arts = stack_hist(ax2, stack_data, color_cycle,
                  hist_func=hist_func,
                  plot_kwargs=dict(edgecolor='w', orientation='h'))
ax1.set_ylabel('counts')
ax1.set_xlabel('x')
ax2.set_xlabel('counts')
ax2.set_ylabel('x')

输出：

{}
{'facecolor': '#1f77b4', 'hatch': '/'}
{'facecolor': '#1f77b4', 'hatch': '/'}
v
{'facecolor': '#ff7f0e', 'hatch': '*'}
{'facecolor': '#ff7f0e', 'hatch': '*'}
v
{'facecolor': '#2ca02c', 'hatch': '+'}
{'facecolor': '#2ca02c', 'hatch': '+'}
v
{'facecolor': '#d62728', 'hatch': '|'}
{'facecolor': '#d62728', 'hatch': '|'}
v
{'edgecolor': 'w', 'orientation': 'h'}
{'facecolor': '#1f77b4'}
{'facecolor': '#1f77b4', 'edgecolor': 'w', 'orientation': 'h'}
h
{'facecolor': '#ff7f0e'}
{'facecolor': '#ff7f0e', 'edgecolor': 'w', 'orientation': 'h'}
h
{'facecolor': '#2ca02c'}
{'facecolor': '#2ca02c', 'edgecolor': 'w', 'orientation': 'h'}
h
{'facecolor': '#d62728'}
{'facecolor': '#d62728', 'edgecolor': 'w', 'orientation': 'h'}
h

使用标记数据

fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(9, 4.5),
                               tight_layout=True, sharey=True)
arts = stack_hist(ax1, dict_data, color_cycle + hatch_cycle,
                  hist_func=hist_func)
arts = stack_hist(ax2, dict_data, color_cycle + hatch_cycle,
                  hist_func=hist_func, labels=['set 0', 'set 3'])
ax1.xaxis.set_major_locator(mticker.MaxNLocator(5))
ax1.set_xlabel('counts')
ax1.set_ylabel('x')
ax2.set_ylabel('x')
plt.show()

输出：

{}
{'facecolor': '#1f77b4', 'hatch': '/'}
{'facecolor': '#1f77b4', 'hatch': '/'}
v
{'facecolor': '#ff7f0e', 'hatch': '*'}
{'facecolor': '#ff7f0e', 'hatch': '*'}
v
{'facecolor': '#2ca02c', 'hatch': '+'}
{'facecolor': '#2ca02c', 'hatch': '+'}
v
{'facecolor': '#d62728', 'hatch': '|'}
{'facecolor': '#d62728', 'hatch': '|'}
v
{}
{'facecolor': '#1f77b4', 'hatch': '/'}
{'facecolor': '#1f77b4', 'hatch': '/'}
v
{'facecolor': '#ff7f0e', 'hatch': '*'}
{'facecolor': '#ff7f0e', 'hatch': '*'}
v

参考

此示例中显示了以下函数，方法，类和模块的使用：

import matplotlib
matplotlib.axes.Axes.fill_betweenx
matplotlib.axes.Axes.fill_between
matplotlib.axis.Axis.set_major_locator

下载这个示例

• 下载python源码: filled_step.py
• 下载Jupyter notebook: filled_step.ipynb