Spring WebJars 教程 - 《ZetCode 中文系列教程》

Webjars
Spring WebJar 示例

原文： http://zetcode.com/spring/webjars/

Spring WebJars 教程展示了如何在 Spring Web 应用中使用 WebJars。

Spring 是用于创建企业应用的流行 Java 应用框架。

Webjars

WebJars 是打包到 JAR（Java 存档）文件中的客户端 Web 库（例如 jQuery 或 Semantic UI）。 WebJars 使前端库和资产的工作自动化。

Spring WebJar 示例

在以下示例中，我们使用 Semantic-UI WebJar。语义 UI 是一种流行的 CSS 框架。

pom.xml
src
├───main
│   ├───java
│   │   └───com
│   │       └───zetcode
│   │           ├───config
│   │           │       MyWebInitializer.java
│   │           │       WebConfig.java
│   │           └───controller
│   │                   MyController.java
│   └───resources
│       │   logback.xml
│       └───templates
│               index.html
└───test
    └───java

这是项目结构。

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
            xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
            http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.zetcode</groupId>
    <artifactId>WebJarEx</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
        <spring-version>5.1.4.RELEASE</spring-version>
        <thymeleaf-version>3.0.11.RELEASE</thymeleaf-version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring-version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
            <artifactId>Semantic-UI</artifactId>
            <version>2.4.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
            <artifactId>webjars-locator</artifactId>
            <version>0.34</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
            <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5</artifactId>
            <version>${thymeleaf-version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
            <artifactId>thymeleaf</artifactId>
            <version>${thymeleaf-version}</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.2.2</version>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

在pom.xml中，我们具有项目依赖项。

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
    <artifactId>Semantic-UI</artifactId>
    <version>2.4.1</version>
</dependency>

我们使用语义 UI WebJar。

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
    <artifactId>webjars-locator</artifactId>
    <version>0.34</version>
</dependency>

webjars-locator允许我们引用资产而不引用资产的版本，该版本会自动检测到。

resources/logback.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
    <logger name="org.springframework" level="ERROR"/>
    <logger name="com.zetcode" level="INFO"/>
    <appender name="consoleAppender" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <encoder>
            <Pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} %blue(%-5level) %magenta(%logger{36}) - %msg %n
            </Pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>
    <root>
        <level value="INFO" />
        <appender-ref ref="consoleAppender" />
    </root>
</configuration>

这是logback.xml配置

com/zetcode/config/MyWebInitializer.java

package com.zetcode.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;
@Configuration
public class MyWebInitializer extends
        AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
        return null;
    }
    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[]{WebConfig.class};
    }
    @Override
    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        return new String[]{"/"};
    }
}

MyWebInitializer初始化 Spring Web 应用。它包含一个配置类：WebConfig。

com/zetcode/config/WebConfig.java

package com.zetcode.config;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ViewResolverRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
import org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine;
import org.thymeleaf.spring5.templateresolver.SpringResourceTemplateResolver;
import org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver;
@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.zetcode"})
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    @Autowired
    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
    @Bean
    public SpringResourceTemplateResolver templateResolver() {
        var templateResolver = new SpringResourceTemplateResolver();
        templateResolver.setApplicationContext(applicationContext);
        templateResolver.setPrefix("classpath:templates/");
        templateResolver.setSuffix(".html");
        return templateResolver;
    }
    @Bean
    public SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine() {
        var templateEngine = new SpringTemplateEngine();
        templateEngine.setTemplateResolver(templateResolver());
        templateEngine.setEnableSpringELCompiler(true);
        return templateEngine;
    }
    @Bean
    public ViewResolver viewResolver() {
        var resolver = new ThymeleafViewResolver();
        var registry = new ViewResolverRegistry(null, applicationContext);
        resolver.setTemplateEngine(templateEngine());
        registry.viewResolver(resolver);
        return resolver;
    }
    @Override
    public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
        registry
                .addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
                .addResourceLocations("/webjars/").resourceChain(false);
    }
    @Override
    public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {
        configurer.enable();
    }
}

WebConfig配置 Thymeleaf 模板引擎，告诉 Spring 在哪里寻找 WebJars，并启用转发到默认 servlet 来处理静态资源的功能。

@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
    registry
            .addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
            .addResourceLocations("/webjars/").resourceChain(false);
}

我们将通过/webjars/路径引用 WebJars。对于版本无关的 WebJars，必须调用resourceChain()方法。

com/zetcode/controller/MyController.java

package com.zetcode.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import java.util.List;
@Controller
public class MyController {
    @GetMapping(value = "/")
    public String home(Model model) {
        var words = List.of("wood", "star", "cloud", "water",
                "river", "spring");
        model.addAttribute("words", words);
        return "index";
    }
}

MyController包含主页的一种路由。我们向模板发送一些数据。数据将显示在 HTML 表中，该表将使用 Semantic-UI 设置样式。

resources/templates/index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Home page</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" th:href="@{/webjars/Semantic-UI/semantic.css}">
</head>
<body>
<section class="ui container">
    <h2>English words</h2>
    <table class="ui striped celled table">
        <thead>
        <tr>
            <th>Index</th>
            <th>Word</th>
        </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
        <tr th:each="word : ${words}">
            <td th:text="${wordStat.index + 1}">Index</td>
            <td th:text="${word}">A word</td>
        </tr>
        </tbody>
    </table>
</section>
</body>
</html>

这是主页。

<link rel="stylesheet" th:href="@{/webjars/Semantic-UI/semantic.css}">

我们链接到semantic.css文件，该文件来自 WebJar。

<table class="ui striped celled table">

CSS 类来自 Semantic-UI 库。

在本教程中，我们创建了一个使用 Semantic-UI WebJar 样式化 HTML 表的样式。

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