在 Java 2D 教程的这一部分中,我们创建一些基本的和更高级的形状。 我们用纯色,渐变和纹理填充形状。
基本形状
首先,我们绘制一些基本的 Java 2D 形状。
BasicShapes.java
package com.zetcode;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.awt.geom.Ellipse2D;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
class Surface extends JPanel {
private void doDrawing(Graphics g) {
Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g;
g2d.setPaint(new Color(150, 150, 150));
RenderingHints rh = new RenderingHints(
RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
rh.put(RenderingHints.KEY_RENDERING,
RenderingHints.VALUE_RENDER_QUALITY);
g2d.setRenderingHints(rh);
g2d.fillRect(30, 20, 50, 50);
g2d.fillRect(120, 20, 90, 60);
g2d.fillRoundRect(250, 20, 70, 60, 25, 25);
g2d.fill(new Ellipse2D.Double(10, 100, 80, 100));
g2d.fillArc(120, 130, 110, 100, 5, 150);
g2d.fillOval(270, 130, 50, 50);
}
@Override
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
doDrawing(g);
}
}
public class BasicShapesEx extends JFrame {
public BasicShapesEx() {
initUI();
}
private void initUI() {
add(new Surface());
setTitle("Basic shapes");
setSize(350, 250);
setLocationRelativeTo(null);
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
BasicShapesEx ex = new BasicShapesEx();
ex.setVisible(true);
}
});
}
}
在此示例中,我们在面板上绘制了六个基本形状:正方形,矩形,圆角矩形,椭圆形,弧形和圆形。
g2d.setPaint(new Color(150, 150, 150));
形状将以灰色背景绘制。
g2d.fillRect(20, 20, 50, 50);
g2d.fillRect(120, 20, 90, 60);
fillRect()
方法用于绘制矩形和正方形。 前两个参数是要绘制的形状的 x,y 坐标。 最后两个参数是形状的宽度和高度。
g2d.fillRoundRect(250, 20, 70, 60, 25, 25);
在这里,我们创建一个圆角矩形。 最后两个参数是四个角处圆弧的水平和垂直直径。
g2d.fill(new Ellipse2D.Double(10, 100, 80, 100));
fill()
方法绘制给定形状的内部-椭圆。
g2d.fillArc(120, 130, 110, 100, 5, 150);
fillArc()
方法填充覆盖指定矩形的圆弧或椭圆弧。 圆弧是圆的圆周的一部分。
g2d.fillOval(270, 130, 50, 50);
使用fillOval()
方法绘制一个圆。
图:基本形状
一般路径
可以使用GeneralPath
构造更复杂的形状。 它代表由直线,二次贝塞尔曲线和三次贝塞尔曲线构成的几何路径。
下面的示例使用此类创建星形。
StarEx.java
package com.zetcode;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.awt.geom.GeneralPath;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
class Surface extends JPanel {
private final double points[][] = {
{ 0, 85 }, { 75, 75 }, { 100, 10 }, { 125, 75 },
{ 200, 85 }, { 150, 125 }, { 160, 190 }, { 100, 150 },
{ 40, 190 }, { 50, 125 }, { 0, 85 }
};
private void doDrawing(Graphics g) {
Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_RENDERING,
RenderingHints.VALUE_RENDER_QUALITY);
g2d.setPaint(Color.gray);
g2d.translate(25, 5);
GeneralPath star = new GeneralPath();
star.moveTo(points[0][0], points[0][1]);
for (int k = 1; k < points.length; k++)
star.lineTo(points[k][0], points[k][1]);
star.closePath();
g2d.fill(star);
g2d.dispose();
}
@Override
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
doDrawing(g);
}
}
public class StarEx extends JFrame {
public StarEx() {
initUI();
}
private void initUI() {
add(new Surface());
setTitle("Star");
setSize(350, 250);
setLocationRelativeTo(null);
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
StarEx ex = new StarEx();
ex.setVisible(true);
}
});
}
}
我们从一系列角度创造一颗星星。
private final double points[][] = {
{ 0, 85 }, { 75, 75 }, { 100, 10 }, { 125, 75 },
{ 200, 85 }, { 150, 125 }, { 160, 190 }, { 100, 150 },
{ 40, 190 }, { 50, 125 }, { 0, 85 }
};
这些是星星的坐标。
GeneralPath star = new GeneralPath();
在这里,我们实例化了GeneralPath
类。
star.moveTo(points[0][0], points[0][1]);
我们移到GeneralPath
的初始坐标。
for (int k = 1; k < points.length; k++)
star.lineTo(points[k][0], points[k][1]);
在这里,我们连接星的所有坐标。
star.closePath();
g2d.fill(star);
我们封闭路径并填充星星内部。
图:星星
区域
创建复杂形状的另一种方法是组成区域。 Area
存储和操纵二维空间的封闭区域的与分辨率无关的描述。 可以通过加,减,交,异或运算来操纵它。
AreasEx.java
package com.zetcode;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.awt.geom.Area;
import java.awt.geom.Ellipse2D;
import java.awt.geom.Rectangle2D;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
class Surface extends JPanel {
public void doDrawing(Graphics g) {
Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g;
RenderingHints rh = new RenderingHints(
RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
rh.put(RenderingHints.KEY_RENDERING,
RenderingHints.VALUE_RENDER_QUALITY);
g2d.setRenderingHints(rh);
g2d.setPaint(Color.gray);
Area a1 = new Area(new Rectangle2D.Double(20, 20, 100, 100));
Area a2 = new Area(new Ellipse2D.Double(50, 50, 100, 100));
a1.subtract(a2);
g2d.fill(a1);
Area a3 = new Area(new Rectangle2D.Double(150, 20, 100, 100));
Area a4 = new Area(new Ellipse2D.Double(150, 20, 100, 100));
a3.subtract(a4);
g2d.fill(a3);
Area a5 = new Area(new Rectangle2D.Double(280, 20, 100, 100));
Area a6 = new Area(new Ellipse2D.Double(320, 40, 100, 100));
a5.add(a6);
g2d.fill(a5);
}
@Override
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
doDrawing(g);
}
}
public class AreasEx extends JFrame {
public AreasEx() {
initUI();
}
private void initUI() {
add(new Surface());
setTitle("Areas");
setSize(450, 200);
setLocationRelativeTo(null);
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
AreasEx ex = new AreasEx();
ex.setVisible(true);
}
});
}
}
该示例通过操纵区域来创建三种不同的形状。
Area a1 = new Area(new Rectangle2D.Double(20, 20, 100, 100));
Area a2 = new Area(new Ellipse2D.Double(50, 50, 100, 100));
a1.subtract(a2);
g2d.fill(a1);
此代码通过从矩形中减去椭圆来构造形状。
Area a5 = new Area(new Rectangle2D.Double(280, 20, 100, 100));
Area a6 = new Area(new Ellipse2D.Double(320, 40, 100, 100));
a5.add(a6);
g2d.fill(a5);
这些线通过在椭圆上添加矩形来构造形状。
图:区域
色彩
Color
类用于处理 Java 2D 中的颜色。 要使用当前颜色填充矩形,我们使用fillRect()
方法。
ColoursEx.java
package com.zetcode;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
class Surface extends JPanel {
public void doDrawing(Graphics g) {
Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g;
g2d.setColor(new Color(125, 167, 116));
g2d.fillRect(10, 10, 90, 60);
g2d.setColor(new Color(42, 179, 231));
g2d.fillRect(130, 10, 90, 60);
g2d.setColor(new Color(70, 67, 123));
g2d.fillRect(250, 10, 90, 60);
g2d.setColor(new Color(130, 100, 84));
g2d.fillRect(10, 100, 90, 60);
g2d.setColor(new Color(252, 211, 61));
g2d.fillRect(130, 100, 90, 60);
g2d.setColor(new Color(241, 98, 69));
g2d.fillRect(250, 100, 90, 60);
g2d.setColor(new Color(217, 146, 54));
g2d.fillRect(10, 190, 90, 60);
g2d.setColor(new Color(63, 121, 186));
g2d.fillRect(130, 190, 90, 60);
g2d.setColor(new Color(31, 21, 1));
g2d.fillRect(250, 190, 90, 60);
}
@Override
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
doDrawing(g);
}
}
public class ColoursEx extends JFrame {
public ColoursEx() {
initUI();
}
private void initUI() {
add(new Surface());
setTitle("Colours");
setSize(360, 300);
setLocationRelativeTo(null);
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
ColoursEx ex = new ColoursEx();
ex.setVisible(true);
}
});
}
}
在示例中,我们绘制了九个彩色矩形。
Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g;
更改图形上下文的color
属性时,无需创建Graphics2D
类的副本或重置该值。
g2d.setColor(new Color(125, 167, 116));
使用Color
类创建新的颜色。 构造器的参数是新颜色的红色,绿色和蓝色部分。 setColor()
方法将图形上下文的当前颜色设置为指定的颜色值。 所有后续图形操作均使用此颜色值。
g2d.fillRect(10, 15, 90, 60);
为了用颜色填充矩形,我们使用fillRect()
方法。
图:颜色
渐变
在计算机图形学中,渐变是从浅到深或从一种颜色到另一种颜色的阴影的平滑混合。 在 2D 绘图程序和绘画程序中,渐变用于创建彩色背景和特殊效果以及模拟灯光和阴影。 (answers.com)
GradientsEx.java
package com.zetcode;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.GradientPaint;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
class Surface extends JPanel {
private void doDrawing(Graphics g) {
Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
GradientPaint gp1 = new GradientPaint(5, 5,
Color.red, 20, 20, Color.black, true);
g2d.setPaint(gp1);
g2d.fillRect(20, 20, 300, 40);
GradientPaint gp2 = new GradientPaint(5, 25,
Color.yellow, 20, 2, Color.black, true);
g2d.setPaint(gp2);
g2d.fillRect(20, 80, 300, 40);
GradientPaint gp3 = new GradientPaint(5, 25,
Color.green, 2, 2, Color.black, true);
g2d.setPaint(gp3);
g2d.fillRect(20, 140, 300, 40);
GradientPaint gp4 = new GradientPaint(25, 25,
Color.blue, 15, 25, Color.black, true);
g2d.setPaint(gp4);
g2d.fillRect(20, 200, 300, 40);
GradientPaint gp5 = new GradientPaint(0, 0,
Color.orange, 0, 20, Color.black, true);
g2d.setPaint(gp5);
g2d.fillRect(20, 260, 300, 40);
g2d.dispose();
}
@Override
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
doDrawing(g);
}
}
public class GradientsEx extends JFrame {
public GradientsEx() {
initUI();
}
private void initUI() {
add(new Surface());
setTitle("Gradients");
setSize(350, 350);
setLocationRelativeTo(null);
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
GradientsEx ex = new GradientsEx();
ex.setVisible(true);
}
});
}
}
我们的代码示例展示了五个带有渐变的矩形。
GradientPaint gp4 = new GradientPaint(25, 25,
Color.blue, 15, 25, Color.black, true);
要使用渐变,我们使用GradientPaint
类。 通过操纵颜色值以及起点和终点,我们可以获得不同的结果。
g2d.setPaint(gp4);
通过调用setPaint()
方法激活渐变。
图:渐变
纹理
纹理是应用于形状的位图图像。 要在 Java 2D 中使用纹理,我们使用TexturePaint
类。 通过setPaint()
方法应用纹理。
TexturesEx.java
package com.zetcode;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.Rectangle;
import java.awt.TexturePaint;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
class Surface extends JPanel {
private BufferedImage slate;
private BufferedImage java;
private BufferedImage pane;
private TexturePaint slatetp;
private TexturePaint javatp;
private TexturePaint panetp;
public Surface() {
loadImages();
}
private void loadImages() {
try {
slate = ImageIO.read(new File("slate.png"));
java = ImageIO.read(new File("java.png"));
pane = ImageIO.read(new File("pane.png"));
} catch (IOException ex) {
Logger.getLogger(Surface.class.getName()).log(
Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
}
}
private void doDrawing(Graphics g) {
Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
slatetp = new TexturePaint(slate, new Rectangle(0, 0, 90, 60));
javatp = new TexturePaint(java, new Rectangle(0, 0, 90, 60));
panetp = new TexturePaint(pane, new Rectangle(0, 0, 90, 60));
g2d.setPaint(slatetp);
g2d.fillRect(10, 15, 90, 60);
g2d.setPaint(javatp);
g2d.fillRect(130, 15, 90, 60);
g2d.setPaint(panetp);
g2d.fillRect(250, 15, 90, 60);
g2d.dispose();
}
@Override
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
doDrawing(g);
}
}
public class TexturesEx extends JFrame {
public TexturesEx() {
initUI();
}
private void initUI() {
add(new Surface());
setTitle("Textures");
setSize(360, 120);
setLocationRelativeTo(null);
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
TexturesEx ex = new TexturesEx();
ex.setVisible(true);
}
});
}
}
在代码示例中,我们用三个不同的纹理填充三个矩形。
slate = ImageIO.read(new File("slate.png"));
使用ImageIO
类,我们将图像读取到缓冲图像中。
slatetp = new TexturePaint(slate, new Rectangle(0, 0, 90, 60));
我们从缓冲图像中创建一个TexturePaint
类。
g2d.setPaint(slatetp);
g2d.fillRect(10, 15, 90, 60);
我们用纹理填充矩形。
图:纹理
在 Java 2D 教程的这一部分中,我们介绍了 Java 2D 库的一些基本形状和更高级的形状。