promise使用示例

Promise.prototype.then/catch

Promise.prototype.then / Promise.prototype.catch
function getIp() {
  var promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject){
    var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest()
    xhr.open('GET', 'https://easy-mock.com/mock/5ac2f80c3d211137b3f2843a/promise/getIp', true)
    xhr.onload = function(){
      var retJson = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText)  // {"ip":"58.100.211.137"}
      resolve(retJson.ip)
    }
    xhr.onerror = function(){
      reject('获取IP失败')
    }
    xhr.send()
  })
  return promise
}
function getCityFromIp(ip) {
  var promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject){
    var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest()
    xhr.open('GET', 'https://easy-mock.com/mock/5ac2f80c3d211137b3f2843a/promise/getCityFromIp?ip='+ip, true)
    xhr.onload = function(){
      var retJson = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText)  // {"city": "hangzhou","ip": "23.45.12.34"}
      resolve(retJson.city)
    }
    xhr.onerror = function(){
      reject('获取city失败')
    }
    xhr.send()
  })
  return promise
}
function getWeatherFromCity(city) {
  var promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject){
    var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest()
    xhr.open('GET', 'https://easy-mock.com/mock/5ac2f80c3d211137b3f2843a/promise/getWeatherFromCity?city='+city, true)
    xhr.onload = function(){
      var retJson = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText)   //{"weather": "晴天","city": "beijing"}
      resolve(retJson)
    }
    xhr.onerror = function(){
      reject('获取天气失败')
    }
    xhr.send()
  })
  return promise
}
getIp().then(function(ip){
  return getCityFromIp(ip)
}).then(function(city){
  return getWeatherFromCity(city)
}).then(function(data){
  console.log(data)
}).catch(function(e){
  console.log('出现了错误', e)
})

Promise一个构造函数，.then和.catch方法都在prototype上

Promise.all

function getCityFromIp(ip) {
  var promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject){
    var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest()
    xhr.open('GET', 'https://easy-mock.com/mock/5ac2f80c3d211137b3f2843a/promise/getCityFromIp?ip='+ip, true)
    xhr.onload = function(){
      var retJson = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText)  // {"city": "hangzhou","ip": "23.45.12.34"}
      resolve(retJson)
    }
    xhr.onerror = function(){
      reject('获取city失败')
    }
    xhr.send()
  })
  return promise
}
var p1 = getCityFromIp('10.10.10.1')
var p2 = getCityFromIp('10.10.10.2')
var p3 = getCityFromIp('10.10.10.3')
//Promise.all, 当所有的 Promise 对象都完成后再执行
Promise.all([p1, p2, p3]).then(data=>{
  console.log(data)
})

当所有promise都settle, 全都resolved则执行.then第一个回调函数，返回所有结果组成的数组，只要有一个rejected, 则执行第二个回调函数

Promise.race

function getCityFromIp(ip) {
  var promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject){
    var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest()
    xhr.open('GET', 'https://easy-mock.com/mock/5ac2f80c3d211137b3f2843a/promise/getCityFromIp?ip='+ip, true)
    xhr.onload = function(){
      var retJson = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText)  // {"city": "hangzhou","ip": "23.45.12.34"}
      resolve(retJson)
    }
    xhr.onerror = function(){
      reject('获取city失败')
    }
    setTimeout(()=>{
      xhr.send()
    }, Math.random()*1000)
  })
  return promise
}
var p1 = getCityFromIp('10.10.10.1')
var p2 = getCityFromIp('10.10.10.2')
var p3 = getCityFromIp('10.10.10.3')
//Promise.all, 当所有的 Promise 对象都完成后再执行
Promise.race([p1, p2, p3]).then(data=>{
  console.log(data)
})

只要有一个settle, resolved则执行.then第一个回调函数，rejected则执行第二个回调函数

function fn1() {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject)=>{
    setTimeout(()=>{
      console.log('fn1...')
      resolve()
    }, 1000)    
  })
}
function fn2() {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject)=>{
    setTimeout(()=>{
      console.log('fn2...')
      resolve()
    }, 1000)    
  })
}
function fn3() {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject)=>{
    setTimeout(()=>{
      console.log('fn3...')
      resolve()
    }, 1000)    
  })
}
function onerror() {
  console.log('error')
}
fn1().then(fn2).then(fn3).catch(onerror)