Java SpringBoot CommandLineRunner
使用场景
再应用程序开发过程中,往往需要在容器启动的时候执行一些操作。Spring Boot中提供了CommandLineRunner和ApplicationRunner两个接口来实现这样的需求。
两个接口的不同
参数不同,其他大体相同,可根据实际需求选择合适的接口使用。CommandLineRunner接口中run方法的参数为String数组,ApplicationRunner中run方法的参数为ApplicationArguments。
特殊的场景
在启动项目时,有时候所做的操作可能不是一次性的操作,有可能循环查询数据库,根据结果来处理不同的业务,亦或是监听消息队列……
遇到的坑
看下面一个例子,启动一个spring boot项目,正常启动情况下,项目启动后会打印启动时间。如下图所示
2018-07-16 01:48:22.378 INFO 9164 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup2018-07-16 01:48:22.386 INFO 9164 --- [ main] o.s.c.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor : Starting beans in phase 21474836472018-07-16 01:48:22.386 INFO 9164 --- [ main] d.s.w.p.DocumentationPluginsBootstrapper : Context refreshed2018-07-16 01:48:22.396 INFO 9164 --- [ main] d.s.w.p.DocumentationPluginsBootstrapper : Found 1 custom documentation plugin(s)2018-07-16 01:48:22.417 INFO 9164 --- [ main] s.d.s.w.s.ApiListingReferenceScanner : Scanning for api listing references2018-07-16 01:48:22.546 INFO 9164 --- [ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8088 (http)2018-07-16 01:48:22.555 INFO 9164 --- [ main] com.hello.word.WordParseApplication : Started WordParseApplication in 3.811 seconds (JVM running for 4.486)
下面模拟一下启动项目时使用CommandLineRunner,有人说CommandLineRunner是项目启动完成后才调用的,看看现象。
@Componentpublic class RunService implements CommandLineRunner {public void run(String... strings){int i =0;while(true){i++;try {Thread.sleep(10000);System.out.println("过去了10秒钟……,i的值为:"+i);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}if(i==4){ //第40秒时抛出一个异常throw new RuntimeException();}continue;}}}
再次启动spring boot 项目,看看日志,直接报错,启动异常了。
2018-07-16 01:56:43.703 INFO 7424 --- [ main] o.s.c.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor : Starting beans in phase 21474836472018-07-16 01:56:43.703 INFO 7424 --- [ main] d.s.w.p.DocumentationPluginsBootstrapper : Context refreshed2018-07-16 01:56:43.722 INFO 7424 --- [ main] d.s.w.p.DocumentationPluginsBootstrapper : Found 1 custom documentation plugin(s)2018-07-16 01:56:43.750 INFO 7424 --- [ main] s.d.s.w.s.ApiListingReferenceScanner : Scanning for api listing references2018-07-16 01:56:43.885 INFO 7424 --- [ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8088 (http)过去了10秒钟……,i的值为:1过去了10秒钟……,i的值为:2过去了10秒钟……,i的值为:3过去了10秒钟……,i的值为:42018-07-16 01:57:23.939 INFO 7424 --- [ main] utoConfigurationReportLoggingInitializer :Error starting ApplicationContext. To display the auto-configuration report re-run your application with 'debug' enabled.2018-07-16 01:57:23.973 ERROR 7424 --- [ main] o.s.boot.SpringApplication : Application startup failedjava.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to execute CommandLineRunnerat org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.callRunner(SpringApplication.java:735) [spring-boot-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar:1.5.9.RELEASE]at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.callRunners(SpringApplication.java:716) [spring-boot-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar:1.5.9.RELEASE]at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.afterRefresh(SpringApplication.java:703) [spring-boot-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar:1.5.9.RELEASE]at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:304) [spring-boot-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar:1.5.9.RELEASE]at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1118) [spring-boot-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar:1.5.9.RELEASE]at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1107) [spring-boot-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar:1.5.9.RELEASE]at com.hello.word.WordParseApplication.main(WordParseApplication.java:15) [classes/:na]Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: nullat com.zhangwq.service.RunService.run(RunService.java:24) ~[classes/:na]at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.callRunner(SpringApplication.java:732) [spring-boot-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar:1.5.9.RELEASE]... 6 common frames omitted2018-07-16 01:57:23.975 INFO 7424 --- [ main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Closing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@14a4e18: startup date [Mon Jul 16 01:56:39 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy2018-07-16 01:57:23.975 INFO 7424 --- [ main] o.s.c.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor : Stopping beans in phase 21474836472018-07-16 01:57:23.975 INFO 7424 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Unregistering JMX-exposed beans on shutdownProcess finished with exit code 1
说明启动CommandLineRunner的执行其实是整个应用启动的一部分,没有打印最后的启动时间,说明项目是在CommandLineRunner执行完成之后才启动完成的。此时CommandLineRunner的run方法执行的是一个循环,循环到第四次的时候,抛出异常,直接影响主程序的启动。
填坑
这样的问题该如何解决呢?这个操作影响了主线程,那么是否可以重新开启一个线程,让他单独去做想要做的操作呢。
@Componentpublic class RunService implements CommandLineRunner {public void run(String... strings){new Thread(){public void run() {int i = 0;while (true) {i++;try {Thread.sleep(10000);System.out.println("过去了10秒钟……,i的值为:" + i);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}if (i == 4) { //第40秒时抛出一个异常throw new RuntimeException();}continue;}}}.start();}}
再看看这次的日志是什么样的
2018-07-16 02:05:52.680 INFO 7148 --- [ main] o.s.c.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor : Starting beans in phase 21474836472018-07-16 02:05:52.680 INFO 7148 --- [ main] d.s.w.p.DocumentationPluginsBootstrapper : Context refreshed2018-07-16 02:05:52.695 INFO 7148 --- [ main] d.s.w.p.DocumentationPluginsBootstrapper : Found 1 custom documentation plugin(s)2018-07-16 02:05:52.717 INFO 7148 --- [ main] s.d.s.w.s.ApiListingReferenceScanner : Scanning for api listing references2018-07-16 02:05:52.815 INFO 7148 --- [ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8088 (http)2018-07-16 02:05:52.819 INFO 7148 --- [ main] com.hello.word.WordParseApplication : Started WordParseApplication in 3.406 seconds (JVM running for 4.063)过去了10秒钟……,i的值为:1过去了10秒钟……,i的值为:2过去了10秒钟……,i的值为:3过去了10秒钟……,i的值为:4Exception in thread "Thread-10" java.lang.RuntimeExceptionat com.zhangwq.service.RunService$1.run(RunService.java:26)
此时CommandLineRunner执行的操作和主线程是相互独立的,抛出异常并不会影响到主线程。程序打印了启动时间,并且CommandLineRunner中run方法报错后,应用程序并没有因为异常而终止。
