Java MapStruct
官网地址:https://mapstruct.org/
pom 配置:
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<org.mapstruct.version>1.4.1.Final</org.mapstruct.version>
<org.projectlombok.version>1.18.12</org.projectlombok.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mapstruct</groupId>
<artifactId>mapstruct</artifactId>
<version>${org.mapstruct.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- lombok dependencies should not end up on classpath -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>${org.projectlombok.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- idea 2018.1.1 之前的版本需要添加下面的配置,后期的版本就不需要了,可以注释掉,
这里用的2019.3 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mapstruct</groupId>
<artifactId>mapstruct-processor</artifactId>
<version>${org.mapstruct.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<annotationProcessorPaths>
<path>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>${org.projectlombok.version}</version>
</path>
<path>
<groupId>org.mapstruct</groupId>
<artifactId>mapstruct-processor</artifactId>
<version>${org.mapstruct.version}</version>
</path>
</annotationProcessorPaths>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
关于lombok和mapstruct的版本兼容问题,maven插件要使用3.6.0版本以上、lombok使用1.16.16版本以上,另外编译的lombok mapstruct的插件不要忘了。否则会出现下面的错误:No property named “aaa” exists in source parameter(s). Did you mean “null”?
这种异常就是lombok编译异常导致缺少get setter方法造成的。还有就是缺少构造函数也会抛异常。
@Data
@Builder
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Student {
private String name;
private int age;
private GenderEnum gender;
private Double height;
private Date birthday;
}
public enum GenderEnum {
Male("1", "男"),
Female("0", "女");
private String code;
private String name;
public String getCode() {
return this.code;
}
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
GenderEnum(String code, String name) {
this.code = code;
this.name = name;
}
}
@Data
@Builder
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class StudentVO {
private String name;
private int age;
private String gender;
private Double height;
private String birthday;
}
@Mapper
public interface StudentMapper {
StudentMapper INSTANCE = Mappers.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
@Mapping(source = "gender.name", target = "gender")
@Mapping(source = "birthday", target = "birthday", dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
StudentVO student2StudentVO(Student student);
}
实体类是开发过程少不了的,就算是用工具生成肯定也是要有的,需要手写的部分就是这个Mapper的接口,编译完成后会自动生成相应的实现类
然后就可以直接用mapper进行实体的转换了
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student student = Student.builder().name("小明").age(6).gender(GenderEnum.Male).height(121.1).birthday(new Date()).build();
System.out.println(student);
//这行代码便是实际要用的代码
StudentVO studentVO = StudentMapper.INSTANCE.student2StudentVO(student);
System.out.println(studentVO);
}
}
mapper可以进行字段映射,改变字段类型,指定格式化的方式,包括一些日期的默认处理。
可以手动指定格式化的方法:
@Mapper
public interface StudentMapper {
StudentMapper INSTANCE = Mappers.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
@Mapping(source = "gender", target = "gender")
@Mapping(source = "birthday", target = "birthday", dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
StudentVO student2StudentVO(Student student);
default String getGenderName(GenderEnum gender) {
return gender.getName();
}
}
1、List 转换
属性映射基于上面的mapping配置
@Mapper
public interface StudentMapper {
StudentMapper INSTANCE = Mappers.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
@Mapping(source = "gender.name", target = "gender")
@Mapping(source = "birthday", target = "birthday", dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
StudentVO student2StudentVO(Student student);
List<StudentVO> students2StudentVOs(List<Student> studentList);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student student = Student.builder().name("小明").age(6).gender(GenderEnum.Male).height(121.1).birthday(new Date()).build();
List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add(student);
List<StudentVO> result = StudentMapper.INSTANCE.students2StudentVOs(list);
System.out.println(result);
}
2、多对象转换到一个对象
@Data
@Builder
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Student {
private String name;
private int age;
private GenderEnum gender;
private Double height;
private Date birthday;
}
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@Builder
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Course {
private String courseName;
private int sortNo;
private long id;
}
@Data
@Builder
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class StudentVO {
private String name;
private int age;
private String gender;
private Double height;
private String birthday;
private String course;
}
@Mapper
public interface StudentMapper {
StudentMapper INSTANCE = Mappers.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
@Mapping(source = "student.gender.name", target = "gender")
@Mapping(source = "student.birthday", target = "birthday", dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
@Mapping(source = "course.courseName", target = "course")
StudentVO studentAndCourse2StudentVO(Student student, Course course);
}
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student student = Student.builder().name("小明").age(6).gender(GenderEnum.Male).height(121.1).birthday(new Date()).build();
Course course = Course.builder().id(1L).courseName("语文").build();
StudentVO studentVO = StudentMapper.INSTANCE.studentAndCourse2StudentVO(student, course);
System.out.println(studentVO);
}
}
3、默认值
@Mapper
public interface StudentMapper {
StudentMapper INSTANCE = Mappers.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
@Mapping(source = "student.gender.name", target = "gender")
@Mapping(source = "student.birthday", target = "birthday", dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
@Mapping(source = "course.courseName", target = "course")
@Mapping(target = "name", source = "student.name", defaultValue = "张三")
StudentVO studentAndCourse2StudentVO(Student student, Course course);
}
4、转换基类
准备工作
使用常见的 User 类以及对应 UserDto 对象来演示。
@Data
@Accessors(chain = true)
public class User {
private Long id;
private String username;
private String password;
private Integer sex;
private LocalDate birthday;
private LocalDateTime createTime;
private String config;
private String test;
}
@Data
@Accessors(chain = true)
public class UserVo {
private Long id;
private String username;
private String password;
private Integer gender;
private LocalDate birthday;
private String createTime;
private List<UserConfig> config;
private String test;
@Data
public static class UserConfig {
private String field1;
private Integer field2;
}
}
注意观察这两个类的区别。
因为项目中的对象转换操作基本都一样,因此抽取除了一个转换基类,不同对象如果只是简单转换可以直接继承该基类,而无需覆写基类任何方法,即只需要一个空类即可。如果子类覆写了基类的方法,则基类上的 @Mapping
会失效。
@MapperConfig
public interface BaseMapping<SOURCE, TARGET> {
/**
* 映射同名属性
*/
@Mapping(target = "createTime", dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
TARGET sourceToTarget(SOURCE var1);
/**
* 反向,映射同名属性
*/
@InheritInverseConfiguration(name = "sourceToTarget")
SOURCE targetToSource(TARGET var1);
/**
* 映射同名属性,集合形式
*/
@InheritConfiguration(name = "sourceToTarget")
List<TARGET> sourceToTarget(List<SOURCE> var1);
/**
* 反向,映射同名属性,集合形式
*/
@InheritConfiguration(name = "targetToSource")
List<SOURCE> targetToSource(List<TARGET> var1);
/**
* 映射同名属性,集合流形式
*/
List<TARGET> sourceToTarget(Stream<SOURCE> stream);
/**
* 反向,映射同名属性,集合流形式
*/
List<SOURCE> targetToSource(Stream<TARGET> stream);
}
实现 User 与 UserVo 对象的转换器
import org.mapstruct.Mapper;
import org.mapstruct.Mapping;
@Mapper(componentModel = "spring")
public interface UserMapping extends BaseMapping<User, UserVo> {
@Mapping(target = "gender", source = "sex")
@Mapping(target = "createTime", dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
@Override
UserVo sourceToTarget(User var1);
@Mapping(target = "sex", source = "gender")
@Mapping(target = "password", ignore = true)
@Mapping(target = "createTime", dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
@Override
User targetToSource(UserVo var1);
default List<UserConfig> strConfigToListUserConfig(String config) {
return JSON.parseArray(config, UserConfig.class);
}
default String listUserConfigToStrConfig(List<UserConfig> list) {
return JSON.toJSONString(list);
}
}
这里使用的是 Spring 的方式,@Mapper
注解的 componentModel 属性值为 spring,不过应该大多数都用的此模式进行开发。@Mapping
用于配置对象的映射关系,示例中 User 对象性别属性名为 sex,而UserVo对象性别属性名为gender,因此需要配置 target 与 source 属性。
password 字段不应该返回到前台,可以采取两种方式不进行转换,第一种就是在vo对象中不出现password字段,第二种就是在@Mapping
中设置该字段 ignore = true
。
MapStruct 提供了时间格式化的属性 dataFormat
,支持Date
、LocalDate
、LocalDateTime
等时间类型与String的转换。示例中birthday 属性为 LocalDate 类型,可以无需指定dataFormat自动完成转换,而LocalDateTime
类型默认使用的是ISO格式时间,在国内往往不符合需求,因此需要手动指定一下 dataFormat。
5、自定义属性类型转换方法
一般常用的类型字段转换 MapStruct都能完成,但是有一些是自定义的对象类型,MapStruct就不能进行字段转换,这就需要编写对应的类型转换方法,这里使用的是JDK8,支持接口中的默认方法,可以直接在转换器中添加自定义类型转换方法。
示例中User对象的config属性是一个JSON字符串,UserVo对象中是List类型的,这需要实现JSON字符串与对象的互转。
default List<UserConfig> strConfigToListUserConfig(String config) {
return JSON.parseArray(config, UserConfig.class);
}
default String listUserConfigToStrConfig(List<UserConfig> list) {
return JSON.toJSONString(list);
}
如果是 JDK8以下的,不支持默认方法,可以另外定义一个 转换器,然后再当前转换器的 @Mapper
中通过 uses = XXX.class
进行引用。
定义好方法之后,MapStruct当匹配到合适类型的字段时,会调用自定义的转换方法进行转换。
单元测试
@Slf4j
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class MapStructTest {
@Resource
private UserMapping userMapping;
@Test
public void tetDomain2DTO() {
User user = new User()
.setId(1L)
.setUsername("zhangsan")
.setSex(1)
.setPassword("abc123")
.setCreateTime(LocalDateTime.now())
.setBirthday(LocalDate.of(1999, 9, 27))
.setConfig("[{\"field1\":\"Test Field1\",\"field2\":500}]");
UserVo userVo = userMapping.sourceToTarget(user);
log.info("User: {}", user);
log.info("UserVo: {}", userVo);
}
@Test
public void testDTO2Domain() {
UserConfig userConfig = new UserConfig();
userConfig.setField1("Test Field1");
userConfig.setField2(500);
UserVo userVo = new UserVo()
.setId(1L)
.setUsername("zhangsan")
.setGender(2)
.setCreateTime("2020-01-18 15:32:54")
.setBirthday(LocalDate.of(1999, 9, 27))
.setConfig(Collections.singletonList(userConfig));
User user = userMapping.targetToSource(userVo);
log.info("UserVo: {}", userVo);
log.info("User: {}", user);
}
}
6、常见问题
当两个对象属性不一致时,比如User对象中某个字段不存在与UserVo当中时,在编译时会有警告提示,可以在@Mapping
中配置 ignore = true
,当字段较多时,可以直接在@Mapper
中设置unmappedTargetPolicy
属性或者unmappedSourcePolicy
属性为 ReportingPolicy.IGNORE
即可。
如果项目中也同时使用到了 Lombok,一定要注意 Lombok的版本要等于或者高于1.18.10,否则会有编译不通过的情况发生。