MySQL驱动8.0导致Druid超时的问题

MySQL Druid
一些老系统 MySQL 驱动版本较低，存在一些危险漏洞，于是把一些老应用的 MySQL 驱动程序升级到了 8.0。然而升级后，在并发量较高时，查看监控打点，Druid 连接池拿到连接并执行 SQL 的时间大部分都超过 200ms。
本文详细的分析了这次“破案”的全过程。
对系统进行压测，发现出现大量线程阻塞的情况，线程 dump 信息如下：

"http-nio-5366-exec-48" #210 daemon prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x00000000023d0800 nid=0x3be9 waiting for monitor entry [0x00007fa4c1400000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: BLOCKED (on object monitor)
        at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedWebappClassLoader.loadClass(TomcatEmbeddedWebappClassLoader.java:66)
        - waiting to lock <0x0000000775af0960> (a java.lang.Object)
        at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1186)
        at com.alibaba.druid.util.Utils.loadClass(Utils.java:220)
        at com.alibaba.druid.util.MySqlUtils.getLastPacketReceivedTimeMs(MySqlUtils.java:372)

通过上面的信息得知，有线程 BLOCKED 了，BLOCKED 的位置在 com.alibaba.druid.util.Utils.loadClass(Utils.java:220)，于是重点的查看这一块的代码，最终发现了问题。

根本原因分析

public class MySqlUtils {
    public static long getLastPacketReceivedTimeMs(Connection conn) throws SQLException {
        if (class_connectionImpl == null && !class_connectionImpl_Error) {
            try {
                class_connectionImpl = Utils.loadClass("com.mysql.jdbc.MySQLConnection");
            } catch (Throwable error){
                class_connectionImpl_Error = true;
            }
        }
        if (class_connectionImpl == null) {
            return -1;
        }
        if (method_getIO == null && !method_getIO_error) {
            try {
                method_getIO = class_connectionImpl.getMethod("getIO");
            } catch (Throwable error){
                method_getIO_error = true;
            }
        }
        if (method_getIO == null) {
            return -1;
        }
        if (class_MysqlIO == null && !class_MysqlIO_Error) {
            try {
                class_MysqlIO = Utils.loadClass("com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO");
            } catch (Throwable error){
                class_MysqlIO_Error = true;
            }
        }
        if (class_MysqlIO == null) {
            return -1;
        }
        if (method_getLastPacketReceivedTimeMs == null && !method_getLastPacketReceivedTimeMs_error) {
            try {
                Method method = class_MysqlIO.getDeclaredMethod("getLastPacketReceivedTimeMs");
                method.setAccessible(true);
                method_getLastPacketReceivedTimeMs = method;
            } catch (Throwable error){
                method_getLastPacketReceivedTimeMs_error = true;
            }
        }
        if (method_getLastPacketReceivedTimeMs == null) {
            return -1;
        }
        try {
            Object connImpl = conn.unwrap(class_connectionImpl);
            if (connImpl == null) {
                return -1;
            }
            Object mysqlio = method_getIO.invoke(connImpl);
            Long ms = (Long) method_getLastPacketReceivedTimeMs.invoke(mysqlio);
            return ms.longValue();
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            throw new SQLException("getLastPacketReceivedTimeMs error", e);
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            throw new SQLException("getLastPacketReceivedTimeMs error", e);
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            throw new SQLException("getLastPacketReceivedTimeMs error", e);
        }
    }
}

MySqlUtils 中的getLastPacketReceivedTimeMs()方法会加载com.mysql.jdbc.MySQLConnection这个类，但在 MySQL 驱动 8.0 中类名改为com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl，所以 MySQL 驱动8.0 中加载不到com.mysql.jdbc.MySQLConnection
getLastPacketReceivedTimeMs()方法实现中，如果Utils.loadClass("com.mysql.jdbc.MySQLConnection")加载不到类并抛出异常，会修改变量 class_connectionImpl_Error，下次调用不会再进行加载

public class Utils {
    public static Class<?> loadClass(String className) {
        Class<?> clazz = null;
        if (className == null) {
            return null;
        }
        try {
            return Class.forName(className);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            // skip
        }
        ClassLoader ctxClassLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
        if (ctxClassLoader != null) {
            try {
                clazz = ctxClassLoader.loadClass(className);
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                // skip
            }
        }
        return clazz;
    }
}

但是，在 Utils 的loadClass()方法中同样 catch了ClassNotFoundException，这就导致loadClass()在加载不到类的时候，并不会抛出异常，从而会导致每调用一次getLastPacketReceivedTimeMs()方法，就会加载一次 MySQLConnection这个类
线程 dump 信息中可以看到是在调用 TomcatEmbeddedWebappClassLoader 的loadClass()方法时，导致线程阻塞的。

public class TomcatEmbeddedWebappClassLoader extends ParallelWebappClassLoader {
    public Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        synchronized (JreCompat.isGraalAvailable() ? this : getClassLoadingLock(name)) {
            Class<?> result = findExistingLoadedClass(name);
            result = (result != null) ? result : doLoadClass(name);
            if (result == null) {
                throw new ClassNotFoundException(name);
            }
            return resolveIfNecessary(result, resolve);
        }
    }
}

这是因为 TomcatEmbeddedWebappClassLoader 在加载类的时候，会加synchronized锁，这就导致每调用一次getLastPacketReceivedTimeMs()方法，就会加载一次com.mysql.jdbc.MySQLConnection，而又始终加载不到，在加载类的时候会加 synchronized 锁，所以会出现线程阻塞，性能下降的现象。

getLastPacketReceivedTimeMs()方法调用时机

public abstract class DruidAbstractDataSource extends WrapperAdapter implements DruidAbstractDataSourceMBean, DataSource, DataSourceProxy, Serializable {
    protected boolean testConnectionInternal(DruidConnectionHolder holder, Connection conn) {
        String sqlFile = JdbcSqlStat.getContextSqlFile();
        String sqlName = JdbcSqlStat.getContextSqlName();
        if (sqlFile != null) {
            JdbcSqlStat.setContextSqlFile(null);
        }
        if (sqlName != null) {
            JdbcSqlStat.setContextSqlName(null);
        }
        try {
            if (validConnectionChecker != null) {
                boolean valid = validConnectionChecker.isValidConnection(conn, validationQuery, validationQueryTimeout);
                long currentTimeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
                if (holder != null) {
                    holder.lastValidTimeMillis = currentTimeMillis;
                    holder.lastExecTimeMillis = currentTimeMillis;
                }
                if (valid && isMySql) { // unexcepted branch
                    long lastPacketReceivedTimeMs = MySqlUtils.getLastPacketReceivedTimeMs(conn);
                    if (lastPacketReceivedTimeMs > 0) {
                        long mysqlIdleMillis = currentTimeMillis - lastPacketReceivedTimeMs;
                        if (lastPacketReceivedTimeMs > 0 //
                            && mysqlIdleMillis >= timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis) {
                            discardConnection(holder);
                            String errorMsg = "discard long time none received connection. "
                                + ", jdbcUrl : " + jdbcUrl
                                + ", jdbcUrl : " + jdbcUrl
                                + ", lastPacketReceivedIdleMillis : " + mysqlIdleMillis;
                            LOG.error(errorMsg);
                            return false;
                        }
                    }
                }
                if (valid && onFatalError) {
                    lock.lock();
                    try {
                        if (onFatalError) {
                            onFatalError = false;
                        }
                    } finally {
                        lock.unlock();
                    }
                }
                return valid;
            }
            if (conn.isClosed()) {
                return false;
            }
            if (null == validationQuery) {
                return true;
            }
            Statement stmt = null;
            ResultSet rset = null;
            try {
                stmt = conn.createStatement();
                if (getValidationQueryTimeout() > 0) {
                    stmt.setQueryTimeout(validationQueryTimeout);
                }
                rset = stmt.executeQuery(validationQuery);
                if (!rset.next()) {
                    return false;
                }
            } finally {
                JdbcUtils.close(rset);
                JdbcUtils.close(stmt);
            }
            if (onFatalError) {
                lock.lock();
                try {
                    if (onFatalError) {
                        onFatalError = false;
                    }
                } finally {
                    lock.unlock();
                }
            }
            return true;
        } catch (Throwable ex) {
            // skip
            return false;
        } finally {
            if (sqlFile != null) {
                JdbcSqlStat.setContextSqlFile(sqlFile);
            }
            if (sqlName != null) {
                JdbcSqlStat.setContextSqlName(sqlName);
            }
        }
    }
}

只有DruidAbstractDataSource的testConnectionInternal()方法中会调用getLastPacketReceivedTimeMs()方法
testConnectionInternal()是用来检测连接是否有效的，在获取连接和归还连接时都有可能会调用该方法，这取决于Druid检测连接是否有效的参数
「Druid检测连接是否有效的参数」：

• testOnBorrow：每次获取连接时执行validationQuery检测连接是否有效（会影响性能）
• testOnReturn：每次归还连接时执行validationQuery检测连接是否有效（会影响性能）
• testWhileIdle：申请连接的时候检测，如果空闲时间大于timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis，执行validationQuery检测连接是否有效

应用中设置了testOnBorrow=true，每次获取连接时，都会去抢占synchronized锁，所以性能下降的很明显

解决方案

经验证，使用Druid 1.x版本<=1.1.22会出现该bug，解决方案就是升级至Druid 1.x版本>=1.1.23或者Druid 1.2.x版本