Java SpringBoot

一、异步执行

实现方式二种:

  1. 使用异步注解@aysnc、启动类:添加@EnableAsync注解
  2. JDK 8本身有一个非常好用的Future类——CompletableFuture

    1. @AllArgsConstructor
    2. public class AskThread implements Runnable{
    3. private CompletableFuture<Integer> re = null;
    4. public void run() {
    5. int myRe = 0;
    6. try {
    7. myRe = re.get() * re.get();
    8. } catch (Exception e) {
    9. e.printStackTrace();
    10. }
    11. System.out.println(myRe);
    12. }
    13. public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
    14. final CompletableFuture<Integer> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
    15. new Thread(new AskThread(future)).start();
    16. //模拟长时间的计算过程
    17. Thread.sleep(1000);
    18. //告知完成结果
    19. future.complete(60);
    20. }
    21. }

    在该示例中,启动一个线程,此时AskThread对象还没有拿到它需要的数据,执行到 myRe = re.get() * re.get()会阻塞。用休眠1秒来模拟一个长时间的计算过程,并将计算结果告诉future执行结果,AskThread线程将会继续执行。

    1. public class Calc {
    2. public static Integer calc(Integer para) {
    3. try {
    4. //模拟一个长时间的执行
    5. Thread.sleep(1000);
    6. } catch (InterruptedException e) {
    7. e.printStackTrace();
    8. }
    9. return para * para;
    10. }
    11. public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
    12. final CompletableFuture<Void> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> calc(50))
    13. .thenApply((i) -> Integer.toString(i))
    14. .thenApply((str) -> "\"" + str + "\"")
    15. .thenAccept(System.out::println);
    16. future.get();
    17. }
    18. }

    CompletableFuture.supplyAsync方法构造一个CompletableFuture实例,在supplyAsync()方法中,它会在一个新线程中,执行传入的参数。在这里它会执行calc()方法,这个方法可能是比较慢的,但这并不影响CompletableFuture实例的构造速度,supplyAsync()会立即返回。而返回的CompletableFuture实例就可以作为这次调用的契约,在将来任何场合,用于获得最终的计算结果。
    supplyAsync用于提供返回值的情况,CompletableFuture还有一个不需要返回值的异步调用方法runAsync(Runnable runnable),一般在优化Controller时,使用这个方法比较多。这两个方法如果在不指定线程池的情况下,都是在ForkJoinPool,.common线程池中执行,而这个线程池中的所有线程都是Daemon(守护)线程,所以,当主线程结束时,这些线程无论执行完毕都会退出系统。
    核心代码:

    1. CompletableFuture.runAsync(() ->
    2. this.afterBetProcessor(betRequest,betDetailResult,appUser,id)
    3. );

    异步调用使用Callable来实现

    1. @RestController
    2. public class HelloController {
    3. private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloController.class);
    4. @Autowired
    5. private HelloService hello;
    6. @GetMapping("/helloworld")
    7. public String helloWorldController() {
    8. return hello.sayHello();
    9. }
    10. /**
    11. * 异步调用restful
    12. * 当controller返回值是Callable的时候,springmvc就会启动一个线程将Callable交给TaskExecutor去处理
    13. * 然后DispatcherServlet还有所有的spring拦截器都退出主线程,然后把response保持打开的状态
    14. * 当Callable执行结束之后,springmvc就会重新启动分配一个request请求,然后DispatcherServlet就重新
    15. * 调用和处理Callable异步执行的返回结果, 然后返回视图
    16. *
    17. * @return
    18. */
    19. @GetMapping("/hello")
    20. public Callable<String> helloController() {
    21. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 进入helloController方法");
    22. Callable<String> callable = new Callable<String>() {
    23. @Override
    24. public String call() throws Exception {
    25. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 进入call方法");
    26. String say = hello.sayHello();
    27. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 从helloService方法返回");
    28. return say;
    29. }
    30. };
    31. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 从helloController方法返回");
    32. return callable;
    33. }
    34. }

    异步调用的方式 WebAsyncTask ```java @RestController
    public class HelloController {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloController.class);

    @Autowired
    private HelloService hello;

    /**

    • 带超时时间的异步请求 通过WebAsyncTask自定义客户端超时间
    • @return */
      @GetMapping(“/world”)
      public WebAsyncTask worldController() {
      logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + “ 进入helloController方法”);

      // 3s钟没返回,则认为超时
      WebAsyncTask webAsyncTask = new WebAsyncTask<>(3000, new Callable() {

      1. @Override
      2. public String call() throws Exception {
      3. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 进入call方法");
      4. String say = hello.sayHello();
      5. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 从helloService方法返回");
      6. return say;
      7. }

      });
      logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + “ 从helloController方法返回”);

      webAsyncTask.onCompletion(new Runnable() {

      1. @Override
      2. public void run() {
      3. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 执行完毕");
      4. }

      });

      webAsyncTask.onTimeout(new Callable() {

      1. @Override
      2. public String call() throws Exception {
      3. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " onTimeout");
      4. // 超时的时候,直接抛异常,让外层统一处理超时异常
      5. throw new TimeoutException("调用超时");
      6. }

      });
      return webAsyncTask;
      }

      /**

    • 异步调用,异常处理,详细的处理流程见MyExceptionHandler类
    • @return */
      @GetMapping(“/exception”)
      public WebAsyncTask exceptionController() {
      logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + “ 进入helloController方法”);
      Callable callable = new Callable() {

      1. @Override
      2. public String call() throws Exception {
      3. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 进入call方法");
      4. throw new TimeoutException("调用超时!");
      5. }

      };
      logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + “ 从helloController方法返回”);
      return new WebAsyncTask<>(20000, callable);
      }

}

  1. <a name="yWTeW"></a>
  2. ### 二、增加内嵌Tomcat的最大连接数
  3. ```java
  4. @Configuration
  5. public class TomcatConfig {
  6. @Bean
  7. public ConfigurableServletWebServerFactory webServerFactory() {
  8. TomcatServletWebServerFactory tomcatFactory = new TomcatServletWebServerFactory();
  9. tomcatFactory.addConnectorCustomizers(new MyTomcatConnectorCustomizer());
  10. tomcatFactory.setPort(8005);
  11. tomcatFactory.setContextPath("/api-g");
  12. return tomcatFactory;
  13. }
  14. class MyTomcatConnectorCustomizer implements TomcatConnectorCustomizer {
  15. public void customize(Connector connector) {
  16. Http11NioProtocol protocol = (Http11NioProtocol) connector.getProtocolHandler();
  17. //设置最大连接数
  18. protocol.setMaxConnections(20000);
  19. //设置最大线程数
  20. protocol.setMaxThreads(2000);
  21. protocol.setConnectionTimeout(30000);
  22. }
  23. }
  24. }

三、使用@ComponentScan()定位扫包比@SpringBootApplication扫包更快

四、默认tomcat容器改为Undertow(Jboss下的服务器,Tomcat吞吐量5000,Undertow吞吐量8000)

  1. <exclusions>
  2. <exclusion>
  3. <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  4. <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
  5. </exclusion>
  6. </exclusions>

改为:

  1. <dependency>
  2. <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  3. <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
  4. </dependency>

五、使用 BufferedWriter 进行缓冲

六、Deferred方式实现异步调用

  1. @RestController
  2. public class AsyncDeferredController {
  3. private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
  4. private final LongTimeTask taskService;
  5. @Autowired
  6. public AsyncDeferredController(LongTimeTask taskService) {
  7. this.taskService = taskService;
  8. }
  9. @GetMapping("/deferred")
  10. public DeferredResult<String> executeSlowTask() {
  11. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入executeSlowTask方法");
  12. DeferredResult<String> deferredResult = new DeferredResult<>();
  13. // 调用长时间执行任务
  14. taskService.execute(deferredResult);
  15. // 当长时间任务中使用deferred.setResult("world");这个方法时,会从长时间任务中返回,继续controller里面的流程
  16. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "从executeSlowTask方法返回");
  17. // 超时的回调方法
  18. deferredResult.onTimeout(new Runnable(){
  19. @Override
  20. public void run() {
  21. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " onTimeout");
  22. // 返回超时信息
  23. deferredResult.setErrorResult("time out!");
  24. }
  25. });
  26. // 处理完成的回调方法,无论是超时还是处理成功,都会进入这个回调方法
  27. deferredResult.onCompletion(new Runnable(){
  28. @Override
  29. public void run() {
  30. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " onCompletion");
  31. }
  32. });
  33. return deferredResult;
  34. }
  35. }

七、异步调用可以使用AsyncHandlerInterceptor进行拦截

  1. @Component
  2. public class MyAsyncHandlerInterceptor implements AsyncHandlerInterceptor {
  3. private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyAsyncHandlerInterceptor.class);
  4. @Override
  5. public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
  6. throws Exception {
  7. return true;
  8. }
  9. @Override
  10. public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,
  11. ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
  12. // HandlerMethod handlerMethod = (HandlerMethod) handler;
  13. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ "服务调用完成,返回结果给客户端");
  14. }
  15. @Override
  16. public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex)
  17. throws Exception {
  18. if(null != ex){
  19. System.out.println("发生异常:"+ex.getMessage());
  20. }
  21. }
  22. @Override
  23. public void afterConcurrentHandlingStarted(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
  24. throws Exception {
  25. // 拦截之后,重新写回数据,将原来的hello world换成如下字符串
  26. String resp = "my name is chhliu!";
  27. response.setContentLength(resp.length());
  28. response.getOutputStream().write(resp.getBytes());
  29. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 进入afterConcurrentHandlingStarted方法");
  30. }
  31. }