05 获取百度热榜文章

先获取百度首页的数据：

import requests
# 此处必须加headers,不加则返回的页面与网页源代码不一致
header = {
    'Cookie': 'BIDUPSID=D99314F8A5E53EA50B85C37A0D96C400; PSTM=1576140470; HOSUPPORT=1; BAIDUID=490062CDE50C5B626A1882E6938F5EE7:FG=1; UBI=fi_PncwhpxZ%7ETaJc9oaTqIbsWBE38p5LUoO; H_WISE_SIDS=149390_148169_142018_148320_147088_147893_148867_148208_148875_148435_147279_148001_148823_147828_148439_148754_147890_146573_148524_147346_127969_147239_147351_147024_131953_146732_138426_145988_131423_144659_142209_147527_107311_149269_140312_146396_144966_149279_145607_148662_148345_148049_148749_147546_146053_148869_110085; MCITY=-131%3A; HOSUPPORT_BFESS=1; BDORZ=B490B5EBF6F3CD402E515D22BCDA1598; pplogid_BFESS=4262olGrh4bA0KVJ%2BhEixRGiLx8E%2B%2B%2FlsYrZ1z21%2BuY58eW%2FOkM3jLZkH843E9obSHAaoWXHmisIG1fW93Ig0dG9g2y7NVpEpnh6NRQpF8wmiJo%3D;pplogid=5537awLy1oSevWNkHr4Lz7C1fsWUtVYZZdx0rJKkaAmCX1eMtEjfaor2R1DB0I%2Bj89BQviWor0ElEE8HF%2Bd8mbRKA5fTGfpkTrv3KJZYlkGnHcQ%3D; BDSFRCVID=An_OJexroG3_iS6rKjsQEX1OKgKK0gOTDYLEOwXPsp3LGJLVN4vPEG0Pt_U-mEt-J8jwogKK0gOTH6KF_2uxOjjg8UtVJeC6EG0Ptf8g0M5; H_BDCLCKID_SF=tbkD_C-MfIvDqTrP-trf5DCShUFs-MuOB2Q-XPoO3KOrjf8CKxR8XPCkWaQ9B-biWbRM2MbgylRp8P3y0bb2DUA1y4vpWj3qLgTxoUJ2XMKVDq5mqfCWMR-ebPRiJPb9Qg-qahQ7tt5W8ncFbT7l5hKpbt-q0x-jLTnhVn0MBCK0hI0ljj82e5PVKgTa54cbb4o2WbCQtR6P8pcN2b5oQTtmMJ-qbfnBB2o4hIjvWb3vOIJTXpOUWfAkXpJvQnJjt2JxaqRCBDb-Vh5jDh3MBpQDhtoJexIO2jvy0hvctn3cShPCyUjrDRLbXU6BK5vPbNcZ0l8K3l02V-bIe-t2XjQhDNtDt60jfn3aQ5rtKRTffjrnhPF3Xl43XP6-hnjy3b7dBx8K-qv88PQHW5QcyP-UyN3MWh3RymJ42-39LPO2hpRjyxv4X60B0-oxJpOJXaILWl52HlFWj43vbURvD--g3-AqBM5dtjTO2bc_5KnlfMQ_bf--QfbQ0hOhqP-jBRIEoK0hJC-2bKvPKITD-tFO5eT22-usJerT2hcHMPoosIO3Mq--KxPqKU74XTo9WKviaKJjBMbUoqRHXnJi0btQDPvxBf7pBJnqbp5TtUJM_UKzhfoMqfTbMlJyKMnitIv9-pPKWhQrh459XP68bTkA5bjZKxtq3mkjbPbDfn028DKuDTtajj3QeaRabK6aKC5bL6rJabC3EJr3XU6q2bDeQNbdaltq-e3BQMjNyIjcOn3oyT3JXp0vWtv4WbbvLT7johRTWqR48CbC0MonDh83Bn_L2xQJHmLOBt3O5hvvhb3O3MA-yUKmDloOW-TB5bbPLUQF5l8-sq0x0bOte-bQXH_E5bj2qRFtoC8-3q; delPer=0; PSINO=1; BDRCVFR[X_XKQks0S63]=mk3SLVN4HKm; BDRCVFR[-pGxjrCMryR]=mk3SLVN4HKm; BDRCVFR[S4-dAuiWMmn]=I67x6TjHwwYf0; H_PS_PSSID=32288_1467_32359_32328_32046_32399_32429_32116_32089_26350_31639',
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/81.0.4044.138 Safari/537.36',
    'Referer': 'https://www.baidu.com/'
}
# 发起请求
html = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com/', headers=header)
html_utf_8 = html.content.decode('utf-8')
print(html_utf_8)

在HTML源文件中查找百度热榜，看到所有数据在中：<br /><img src="https://cdn.nlark.com/yuque/0/2021/png/1157448/1612171384883-257aff9a-3e88-4171-93db-1bd2c2e072f1.png#height=402&id=qCx8k&margin=%5Bobject%20Object%5D&name=image.png&originHeight=803&originWidth=2231&originalType=binary&size=431981&status=done&style=none&width=1115.5" alt="image.png"><br />解析这部分内容：</p> <pre><code class="lang-python">hot_search = doc.xpath('//textarea [@id="hotsearch_data"]/text()') print(hot_search) </code></pre> <p>输出当前全部热搜数据，数据为列表类型：</p> <pre><code class="lang-python">[ '{"hotsearch": [ {"pure_title": "外交部提醒春节假期非必要不出国","linkurl": "https%3A//www.baidu.com/s%3Fcl%3D3%26tn%3Dbaidutop10%26fr%3Dtop1000%26wd%3D%25E5%25A4%2596%25E4%25BA%25A4%25E9%2583%25A8%25E6%258F%2590%25E9%2586%2592%25E6%2598%25A5%25E8%258A%2582%25E5%2581%2587%25E6%259C%259F%25E9%259D%259E%25E5%25BF%2585%25E8%25A6%2581%25E4%25B8%258D%25E5%2587%25BA%25E5%259B%25BD%26rsv_idx%3D2%26rsv_dl%3Dfyb_n_homepage%26hisfilter%3D1","views": "","isViewed": "","isNew": 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'https%3A//www.baidu.com/s%3Fcl%3D3%26tn%3Dbaidutop10%26fr%3Dtop1000%26wd%3D%25E7%25BE%258E9%25E5%25B2%2581%25E5%25A5%25B3%25E5%25AD%25A9%25E8%25A2%25AB%25E5%25B8%25A6%25E4%25B8%258A%25E8%25AD%25A6%25E8%25BD%25A6%25E5%2596%25B7%25E8%2583%25A1%25E6%25A4%2592%25E5%2596%25B7%25E9%259B%25BE%26rsv_idx%3D2%26rsv_dl%3Dfyb_n_homepage%26hisfilter%3D1', 'views': '', 'isViewed': '', 'isNew': '', 'heat_score': '2497436', 'hotTags': '0'}, {'pure_title': '特斯拉向南昌电网道歉:录音被剪辑', 'linkurl': 'https%3A//www.baidu.com/s%3Fcl%3D3%26tn%3Dbaidutop10%26fr%3Dtop1000%26wd%3D%25E7%2589%25B9%25E6%2596%25AF%25E6%258B%2589%25E5%2590%2591%25E5%258D%2597%25E6%2598%258C%25E7%2594%25B5%25E7%25BD%2591%25E9%2581%2593%25E6%25AD%2589%253A%25E5%25BD%2595%25E9%259F%25B3%25E8%25A2%25AB%25E5%2589%25AA%25E8%25BE%2591%26rsv_idx%3D2%26rsv_dl%3Dfyb_n_homepage%26hisfilter%3D1', 'views': '', 'isViewed': '', 'isNew': '', 'heat_score': '2410026', 'hotTags': '0'}, {'pure_title': '李国英任水利部党组书记', 'linkurl': 'https%3A//www.baidu.com/s%3Fcl%3D3%26tn%3Dbaidutop10%26fr%3Dtop1000%26wd%3D%25E6%259D%258E%25E5%259B%25BD%25E8%258B%25B1%25E4%25BB%25BB%25E6%25B0%25B4%25E5%2588%25A9%25E9%2583%25A8%25E5%2585%259A%25E7%25BB%2584%25E4%25B9%25A6%25E8%25AE%25B0%26rsv_idx%3D2%26rsv_dl%3Dfyb_n_homepage%26hisfilter%3D1', 'views': '', 'isViewed': '', 'isNew': '', 'heat_score': '2325675', 'hotTags': '0'}, {'pure_title': '京津冀职称评审结果将互认', 'linkurl': 'https%3A//www.baidu.com/s%3Fcl%3D3%26tn%3Dbaidutop10%26fr%3Dtop1000%26wd%3D%25E4%25BA%25AC%25E6%25B4%25A5%25E5%2586%2580%25E8%2581%258C%25E7%25A7%25B0%25E8%25AF%2584%25E5%25AE%25A1%25E7%25BB%2593%25E6%259E%259C%25E5%25B0%2586%25E4%25BA%2592%25E8%25AE%25A4%26rsv_idx%3D2%26rsv_dl%3Dfyb_n_homepage%26hisfilter%3D1', 'views': '', 'isViewed': '', 'isNew': '', 'heat_score': '2244276', 'hotTags': '0'}, {'pure_title': '莫迪自夸印度疫苗接种全世界最快', 'linkurl': 'https%3A//www.baidu.com/s%3Fcl%3D3%26tn%3Dbaidutop10%26fr%3Dtop1000%26wd%3D%25E8%258E%25AB%25E8%25BF%25AA%25E8%2587%25AA%25E5%25A4%25B8%25E5%258D%25B0%25E5%25BA%25A6%25E7%2596%25AB%25E8%258B%2597%25E6%258E%25A5%25E7%25A7%258D%25E5%2585%25A8%25E4%25B8%2596%25E7%2595%258C%25E6%259C%2580%25E5%25BF%25AB%26rsv_idx%3D2%26rsv_dl%3Dfyb_n_homepage%26hisfilter%3D1', 'views': '', 'isViewed': '', 'isNew': '', 'heat_score': '2165727', 'hotTags': '0'}, {'pure_title': '美国亿万富豪被散户威胁退出推特', 'linkurl': 'https%3A//www.baidu.com/s%3Fcl%3D3%26tn%3Dbaidutop10%26fr%3Dtop1000%26wd%3D%25E7%25BE%258E%25E5%259B%25BD%25E4%25BA%25BF%25E4%25B8%2587%25E5%25AF%258C%25E8%25B1%25AA%25E8%25A2%25AB%25E6%2595%25A3%25E6%2588%25B7%25E5%25A8%2581%25E8%2583%2581%25E9%2580%2580%25E5%2587%25BA%25E6%258E%25A8%25E7%2589%25B9%26rsv_idx%3D2%26rsv_dl%3Dfyb_n_homepage%26hisfilter%3D1', 'views': '', 'isViewed': '', 'isNew': '', 'heat_score': '2089926', 'hotTags': '0'}, {'pure_title': '中国将试行以经常居住地登记户口', 'linkurl': 'https%3A//www.baidu.com/s%3Fcl%3D3%26tn%3Dbaidutop10%26fr%3Dtop1000%26wd%3D%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E5%259B%25BD%25E5%25B0%2586%25E8%25AF%2595%25E8%25A1%258C%25E4%25BB%25A5%25E7%25BB%258F%25E5%25B8%25B8%25E5%25B1%2585%25E4%25BD%258F%25E5%259C%25B0%25E7%2599%25BB%25E8%25AE%25B0%25E6%2588%25B7%25E5%258F%25A3%26rsv_idx%3D2%26rsv_dl%3Dfyb_n_homepage%26hisfilter%3D1', 'views': '', 'isViewed': '', 'isNew': '', 'heat_score': '2016779', 'hotTags': '0'}, {'pure_title': '曾空手夺白刃95后女警再救轻生者', 'linkurl': 'https%3A//www.baidu.com/s%3Fcl%3D3%26tn%3Dbaidutop10%26fr%3Dtop1000%26wd%3D%25E6%259B%25BE%25E7%25A9%25BA%25E6%2589%258B%25E5%25A4%25BA%25E7%2599%25BD%25E5%2588%258395%25E5%2590%258E%25E5%25A5%25B3%25E8%25AD%25A6%25E5%2586%258D%25E6%2595%2591%25E8%25BD%25BB%25E7%2594%259F%25E8%2580%2585%26rsv_idx%3D2%26rsv_dl%3Dfyb_n_homepage%26hisfilter%3D1', 'views': '', 'isViewed': '', 'isNew': '', 'heat_score': '1946192', 'hotTags': '0'}, {'pure_title': '日本首现变异病毒聚集性感染', 'linkurl': 'https%3A//www.baidu.com/s%3Fcl%3D3%26tn%3Dbaidutop10%26fr%3Dtop1000%26wd%3D%25E6%2597%25A5%25E6%259C%25AC%25E9%25A6%2596%25E7%258E%25B0%25E5%258F%2598%25E5%25BC%2582%25E7%2597%2585%25E6%25AF%2592%25E8%2581%259A%25E9%259B%2586%25E6%2580%25A7%25E6%2584%259F%25E6%259F%2593%26rsv_idx%3D2%26rsv_dl%3Dfyb_n_homepage%26hisfilter%3D1', 'views': '', 'isViewed': '', 'isNew': '', 'heat_score': '1878075', 'hotTags': '0'}, {'pure_title': '河北涉疫村庄有村民藏匿?官方辟谣', 'linkurl': 'https%3A//www.baidu.com/s%3Fcl%3D3%26tn%3Dbaidutop10%26fr%3Dtop1000%26wd%3D%25E6%25B2%25B3%25E5%258C%2597%25E6%25B6%2589%25E7%2596%25AB%25E6%259D%2591%25E5%25BA%2584%25E6%259C%2589%25E6%259D%2591%25E6%25B0%2591%25E8%2597%258F%25E5%258C%25BF%253F%25E5%25AE%2598%25E6%2596%25B9%25E8%25BE%259F%25E8%25B0%25A3%26rsv_idx%3D2%26rsv_dl%3Dfyb_n_homepage%26hisfilter%3D1', 'views': '', 'isViewed': '', 'isNew': '', 'heat_score': '1812342', 'hotTags': '0'}, {'pure_title': '周传雄重返舞台被新人点评引争议', 'linkurl': 'https%3A//www.baidu.com/s%3Fcl%3D3%26tn%3Dbaidutop10%26fr%3Dtop1000%26wd%3D%25E5%2591%25A8%25E4%25BC%25A0%25E9%259B%2584%25E9%2587%258D%25E8%25BF%2594%25E8%2588%259E%25E5%258F%25B0%25E8%25A2%25AB%25E6%2596%25B0%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E7%2582%25B9%25E8%25AF%2584%25E5%25BC%2595%25E4%25BA%2589%25E8%25AE%25AE%26rsv_idx%3D2%26rsv_dl%3Dfyb_n_homepage%26hisfilter%3D1', 'views': '', 'isViewed': '', 'isNew': '', 'heat_score': '1748910', 'hotTags': '0'}, {'pure_title': '上海车厘子现五元一斤骨折价', 'linkurl': 'https%3A//www.baidu.com/s%3Fcl%3D3%26tn%3Dbaidutop10%26fr%3Dtop1000%26wd%3D%25E4%25B8%258A%25E6%25B5%25B7%25E8%25BD%25A6%25E5%258E%2598%25E5%25AD%2590%25E7%258E%25B0%25E4%25BA%2594%25E5%2585%2583%25E4%25B8%2580%25E6%2596%25A4%25E9%25AA%25A8%25E6%258A%2598%25E4%25BB%25B7%26rsv_idx%3D2%26rsv_dl%3Dfyb_n_homepage%26hisfilter%3D1', 'views': '', 'isViewed': '', 'isNew': '', 'heat_score': '1687698', 'hotTags': '0'} ] </code></pre> <p>此时再遍历这个列表，每个循环获得其中一个字典元素，再输出字典中键为’pure_title’的元素的值便可以输出所有热点新闻的列表：</p> <pre><code class="lang-python">for dic in hot_search_items: news_title = dic['pure_title'] print(news_title) </code></pre> <p>输出结果如下：</p> <pre><code class="lang-python">外交部提醒春节假期非必要不出国 31省区市新增确诊42例 本土33例 父母就地过年留守儿童咋办? 昂山素季呼吁民众不要接受军方政变 中小学生原则上不得将手机带入校园 王清宪当选安徽省省长 央视春晚首次大联排 缅甸军方扣押昂山素季 中方回应 用生理盐水制作假新冠疫苗被抓 违规操作致保安染艾滋?医院回应 河景房变墓景房!上百户居民很闹心 2020年GDP十强城市:南京首次入榜 美散户论坛再集结 打响白银逼空战 广州2月离婚名额已全部约满 福特中国回应错把牛年当马年 江苏苏宁足球俱乐部正式更名 美9岁女孩被带上警车喷胡椒喷雾 程用文当选武汉市人民政府市长 中国将试行以经常居住地登记户口 人民日报:扫码点餐不该是唯一选择 李国英任水利部党组书记 疫情致整体入睡时间延迟2到3小时 京津冀职称评审结果将互认 莫迪自夸印度疫苗接种全世界最快 美国亿万富豪被散户威胁退出推特 曾空手夺白刃95后女警再救轻生者 日本首现变异病毒聚集性感染 河北涉疫村庄有村民藏匿?官方辟谣 </code></pre> <p>完整参考代码如下：</p> <pre><code class="lang-python">import requests from lxml import etree # 此处必须加headers,不加则返回的页面与网页源代码不一致 header = { 'Cookie': 'BIDUPSID=D99314F8A5E53EA50B85C37A0D96C400; PSTM=1576140470; HOSUPPORT=1; BAIDUID=490062CDE50C5B626A1882E6938F5EE7:FG=1; UBI=fi_PncwhpxZ%7ETaJc9oaTqIbsWBE38p5LUoO; H_WISE_SIDS=149390_148169_142018_148320_147088_147893_148867_148208_148875_148435_147279_148001_148823_147828_148439_148754_147890_146573_148524_147346_127969_147239_147351_147024_131953_146732_138426_145988_131423_144659_142209_147527_107311_149269_140312_146396_144966_149279_145607_148662_148345_148049_148749_147546_146053_148869_110085; MCITY=-131%3A; HOSUPPORT_BFESS=1; BDORZ=B490B5EBF6F3CD402E515D22BCDA1598; pplogid_BFESS=4262olGrh4bA0KVJ%2BhEixRGiLx8E%2B%2B%2FlsYrZ1z21%2BuY58eW%2FOkM3jLZkH843E9obSHAaoWXHmisIG1fW93Ig0dG9g2y7NVpEpnh6NRQpF8wmiJo%3D;pplogid=5537awLy1oSevWNkHr4Lz7C1fsWUtVYZZdx0rJKkaAmCX1eMtEjfaor2R1DB0I%2Bj89BQviWor0ElEE8HF%2Bd8mbRKA5fTGfpkTrv3KJZYlkGnHcQ%3D; BDSFRCVID=An_OJexroG3_iS6rKjsQEX1OKgKK0gOTDYLEOwXPsp3LGJLVN4vPEG0Pt_U-mEt-J8jwogKK0gOTH6KF_2uxOjjg8UtVJeC6EG0Ptf8g0M5; H_BDCLCKID_SF=tbkD_C-MfIvDqTrP-trf5DCShUFs-MuOB2Q-XPoO3KOrjf8CKxR8XPCkWaQ9B-biWbRM2MbgylRp8P3y0bb2DUA1y4vpWj3qLgTxoUJ2XMKVDq5mqfCWMR-ebPRiJPb9Qg-qahQ7tt5W8ncFbT7l5hKpbt-q0x-jLTnhVn0MBCK0hI0ljj82e5PVKgTa54cbb4o2WbCQtR6P8pcN2b5oQTtmMJ-qbfnBB2o4hIjvWb3vOIJTXpOUWfAkXpJvQnJjt2JxaqRCBDb-Vh5jDh3MBpQDhtoJexIO2jvy0hvctn3cShPCyUjrDRLbXU6BK5vPbNcZ0l8K3l02V-bIe-t2XjQhDNtDt60jfn3aQ5rtKRTffjrnhPF3Xl43XP6-hnjy3b7dBx8K-qv88PQHW5QcyP-UyN3MWh3RymJ42-39LPO2hpRjyxv4X60B0-oxJpOJXaILWl52HlFWj43vbURvD--g3-AqBM5dtjTO2bc_5KnlfMQ_bf--QfbQ0hOhqP-jBRIEoK0hJC-2bKvPKITD-tFO5eT22-usJerT2hcHMPoosIO3Mq--KxPqKU74XTo9WKviaKJjBMbUoqRHXnJi0btQDPvxBf7pBJnqbp5TtUJM_UKzhfoMqfTbMlJyKMnitIv9-pPKWhQrh459XP68bTkA5bjZKxtq3mkjbPbDfn028DKuDTtajj3QeaRabK6aKC5bL6rJabC3EJr3XU6q2bDeQNbdaltq-e3BQMjNyIjcOn3oyT3JXp0vWtv4WbbvLT7johRTWqR48CbC0MonDh83Bn_L2xQJHmLOBt3O5hvvhb3O3MA-yUKmDloOW-TB5bbPLUQF5l8-sq0x0bOte-bQXH_E5bj2qRFtoC8-3q; delPer=0; PSINO=1; BDRCVFR[X_XKQks0S63]=mk3SLVN4HKm; BDRCVFR[-pGxjrCMryR]=mk3SLVN4HKm; BDRCVFR[S4-dAuiWMmn]=I67x6TjHwwYf0; H_PS_PSSID=32288_1467_32359_32328_32046_32399_32429_32116_32089_26350_31639', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/81.0.4044.138 Safari/537.36', 'Referer': 'https://www.baidu.com/' } # 发起请求 html = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com/', headers=header) html_utf_8 = html.content.decode('utf-8') # print(html_utf_8) doc = etree.HTML(html_utf_8) # 此时hot_search是一个列表，其中只有一个值为字典的字符串元素 hot_search = doc.xpath('//textarea [@id="hotsearch_data"]/text()') # print(hot_search) hot_search_items = eval(hot_search[0])['hotsearch'] # 获取键为'hotsearch'的字典元素的值，列表 # print(hot_search_items) # 此时遍历hot_search_items,每个循环得到一个字典，输出其中键为'pure_title'的元素的值便可得到所有热点新闻标题 for dic in hot_search_items: news_title = dic['pure_title'] print(news_title) </code></pre>