1. 装饰器是什么

  • 它是一个表达式
  • 该表达式被执行后,返回一个函数
  • 函数的入参分别为 target、name 和 descriptor
  • 执行该函数后,可能返回 descriptor 对象,用于配置 target 对象

2. 装饰器的分类

  • 类装饰器(Class decorators)
  • 属性装饰器(Property decorators)
  • 方法装饰器(Method decorators)
  • 参数装饰器(Parameter decorators)

2.1 类装饰器

  1. declare type ClassDecorator = <TFunction extends Function>(
  2. target: TFunction
  3. ) => TFunction | void;

类装饰器顾名思义,就是用来装饰类的。它接收一个参数:

  • target: TFunction - 被装饰的类 ```typescript function Greeter(greeting: string) { return function (target: Function) { target.prototype.greet = function (): void {
    1. console.log(greeting);
    }; }; }

@Greeter(“Hello TS!”) class Greeting { constructor() { // 内部实现 } }

let myGreeting = new Greeting(); myGreeting.greet(); // console output: ‘Hello TS!’;

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  2. ## 2.2 属性装饰器
  3. ```typescript
  4. declare type PropertyDecorator = (target:Object,
  5. propertyKey: string | symbol ) => void;

属性装饰器顾名思义,用来装饰类的属性。它接收两个参数:

  • target: Object - 被装饰的类
  • propertyKey: string | symbol - 被装饰类的属性名

2.3 方法装饰器

  1. declare type MethodDecorator = <T>(target:Object, propertyKey: string | symbol,
  2. descriptor: TypePropertyDescript<T>) => TypedPropertyDescriptor<T> | void;

方法装饰器顾名思义,用来装饰类的方法。它接收三个参数:

  • target: Object - 被装饰的类
  • propertyKey: string | symbol - 方法名
  • descriptor: TypePropertyDescript - 属性描述符 ```typescript function LogOutput(target: Function, key: string, descriptor: any) { let originalMethod = descriptor.value;

    let newMethod = function(…args: any[]): any { let result: any = originalMethod.apply(this, args); if(!this.loggedOutput) {

    1. this.loggedOutput = new Array<any>();

    } this.loggedOutput.push({

    1. method: key,
    2. parameters: args,
    3. output: result,
    4. timestamp: new Date()

    }); return result; }

    descriptor.value = newMethod; }

class Calculator { @LogOutput double (num: number): number { return num * 2; } }

let calc = new Calculator(); calc.double(11); // console ouput: [{method: “double”, output: 22, …}] console.log(calc.loggedOutput);

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  2. ## 2.4 参数装饰器
  3. ```typescript
  4. declare type ParameterDecorator = (target: Object, propertyKey: string | symbol,
  5. parameterIndex: number ) => void

参数装饰器顾名思义,是用来装饰函数参数,它接收三个参数:

  • target: Object - 被装饰的类
  • propertyKey: string | symbol - 方法名
  • parameterIndex: number - 方法中参数的索引值 ``typescript function Log(target: Function, key: string, parameterIndex: number) { let functionLogged = key || target.prototype.constructor.name; console.log(The parameter in position ${parameterIndex} at ${functionLogged} has been decorated`); }

class Greeter { greeting: string; constructor(@Log phrase: string) { this.greeting = phrase; } }

// console output: The parameter in position 0 // at Greeter has been decorated ```