原文： https://howtodoinjava.com/maven/maven-pom-files/

POM（项目对象模型）是一个 XML 文件，其中包含有关项目的信息以及 Maven 用于构建项目的配置详细信息，例如源代码位置，项目依赖项等。此文件必须命名为pom.xml，并放置在项目的根文件夹下 。 执行任务或目标时，maven 读取 POM，获取所需的配置信息，然后执行目标。

  1. Table of Contents
  3. Super POM
  4. Minimal POM Configuration
  5. Default POM Configuration
  6. POM Hierarchy

超级 POM

POM 文件在它们之间保持父子关系。 您为项目创建的任何 pom 文件最终都将扩展此超级 pom 文件。 从 maven 2.2 开始，这是超级 pom 文件内容。

  1. <project>
  2.   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  3.   <name>Maven Default Project</name>
  5.   <repositories>
  6.     <repository>
  7.       <id>central</id>
  8.       <name>Maven Repository Switchboard</name>
  9.       <layout>default</layout>
  10.       <url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2</url>
  11.       <snapshots>
  12.         <enabled>false</enabled>
  13.       </snapshots>
  14.     </repository>
  15.   </repositories>
  17.   <pluginRepositories>
  18.     <pluginRepository>
  19.       <id>central</id>
  20.       <name>Maven Plugin Repository</name>
  21.       <url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2</url>
  22.       <layout>default</layout>
  23.       <snapshots>
  24.         <enabled>false</enabled>
  25.       </snapshots>
  26.       <releases>
  27.         <updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy>
  28.       </releases>
  29.     </pluginRepository>
  30.   </pluginRepositories>
  32.   <build>
  33.     <directory>target</directory>
  34.     <outputDirectory>target/classes</outputDirectory>
  35.     <finalName>${artifactId}-${version}</finalName>
  36.     <testOutputDirectory>target/test-classes</testOutputDirectory>
  37.     <sourceDirectory>src/main/java</sourceDirectory>
  38.     <scriptSourceDirectory>src/main/scripts</scriptSourceDirectory>
  39.     <testSourceDirectory>src/test/java</testSourceDirectory>
  40.     <resources>
  41.       <resource>
  42.         <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
  43.       </resource>
  44.     </resources>
  45.     <testResources>
  46.       <testResource>
  47.         <directory>src/test/resources</directory>
  48.       </testResource>
  49.     </testResources>
  50.   </build>
  52.   <reporting>
  53.     <outputDirectory>target/site</outputDirectory>
  54.   </reporting>
  56.   <profiles>
  57.     <profile>
  58.       <id>release-profile</id>
  60.       <activation>
  61.         <property>
  62.           <name>performRelease</name>
  63.         </property>
  64.       </activation>
  66.       <build>
  67.         <plugins>
  68.           <plugin>
  69.             <inherited>true</inherited>
  70.             <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
  71.             <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
  73.             <executions>
  74.               <execution>
  75.                 <id>attach-sources</id>
  76.                 <goals>
  77.                   <goal>jar</goal>
  78.                 </goals>
  79.               </execution>
  80.             </executions>
  81.           </plugin>
  82.           <plugin>
  83.             <inherited>true</inherited>
  84.             <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
  85.             <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
  87.             <executions>
  88.               <execution>
  89.                 <id>attach-javadocs</id>
  90.                 <goals>
  91.                   <goal>jar</goal>
  92.                 </goals>
  93.               </execution>
  94.             </executions>
  95.           </plugin>
  96.           <plugin>
  97.             <inherited>true</inherited>
  98.             <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
  99.             <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
  101.             <configuration>
  102.               <updateReleaseInfo>true</updateReleaseInfo>
  103.             </configuration>
  104.           </plugin>
  105.         </plugins>
  106.       </build>
  107.     </profile>
  108.   </profiles>
  110. </project>

值得注意的是：

  • 默认仓库是 Maven 仓库。
  • 默认执行目标是“ jar”。
  • 默认源代码位置为src/main/java。
  • 默认测试代码位置为src/test/java。

最小的 POM 配置

任何 Maven 项目的最小 POM 配置都非常简单，如下所示：

  1. <project>
  2.   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  3.   <groupId>com.howtodoinjava</groupId>
  4.   <artifactId>MavenExample</artifactId>
  5.   <version>1.0.0</version>
  6. </project>

这个需要：

  • project根
  • modelVersion – 应设置为 4.0.0
  • groupId – 项目组的 ID。
  • artifactId – 工件的 ID（项目）
  • version – 指定组下工件的版本

您需要在此最小 pom 的基础上添加项目特定的配置。 对于其余配置，如果未指定，则 maven 将使用超级 pom 文件中的默认设置。

默认 POM 配置

这取决于您选择的原型类型。 例如，对于快速启动项目，这是默认生成的pom.xml文件。

  1. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  2.   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd;
  3.   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  5.   <groupId>com.howtodoinjava.demo</groupId>
  6.   <artifactId>MavenExamples</artifactId>
  7.   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  8.   <packaging>jar</packaging>
  10.   <name>MavenExamples</name>
  11.   <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  13.   <properties>
  14.     <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  15.   </properties>
  17.   <dependencies>
  18.     <dependency>
  19.       <groupId>junit</groupId>
  20.       <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
  21.       <version>3.8.1</version>
  22.       <scope>test</scope>
  23.     </dependency>
  24.   </dependencies>
  25. </project>

POM 层次结构

如前所述，POM 文件在它们之间保持父子关系。 子 POM 文件从其父 POM 文件继承所有配置元素。 这就是 Maven 坚持其设计理念的方式，即相对于配置而言是约定。

项目使用的 pom 文件是通过合并项目 pom 文件，父 pom 文件（如果有）和超级 pom 文件而获得的。 此 pom 文件称为有效 pom 文件。

要获取项目使用的有效 pom 文件，请在项目的根文件夹中输入以下命令：

  1. $ mvn help:effective-pom

例如，有效的 pom 文件默认快速启动项目为：

  1. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd;
  2.   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  3.   <groupId>com.howtodoinjava.demo</groupId>
  4.   <artifactId>MavenExamples</artifactId>
  5.   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  6.   <name>MavenExamples</name>
  7.   <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  8.   <properties>
  9.     <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  10.   </properties>
  11.   <dependencies>
  12.     <dependency>
  13.       <groupId>junit</groupId>
  14.       <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
  15.       <version>3.8.1</version>
  16.       <scope>test</scope>
  17.     </dependency>
  18.   </dependencies>
  19.   <repositories>
  20.     <repository>
  21.       <snapshots>
  22.         <enabled>false</enabled>
  23.       </snapshots>
  24.       <id>central</id>
  25.       <name>Central Repository</name>
  26.       <url>https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url>
  27.     </repository>
  28.   </repositories>
  29.   <pluginRepositories>
  30.     <pluginRepository>
  31.       <releases>
  32.         <updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy>
  33.       </releases>
  34.       <snapshots>
  35.         <enabled>false</enabled>
  36.       </snapshots>
  37.       <id>central</id>
  38.       <name>Central Repository</name>
  39.       <url>https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url>
  40.     </pluginRepository>
  41.   </pluginRepositories>
  42.   <build>
  43.     <sourceDirectory>c:\temp\MavenExamples\src\main\java</sourceDirectory>
  44.     <scriptSourceDirectory>c:\temp\MavenExamples\src\main\scripts</scriptSourceDirectory>
  45.     <testSourceDirectory>c:\temp\MavenExamples\src\test\java</testSourceDirectory>
  46.     <outputDirectory>c:\temp\MavenExamples\target\classes</outputDirectory>
  47.     <testOutputDirectory>c:\temp\MavenExamples\target\test-classes</testOutputDirectory>
  48.     <resources>
  49.       <resource>
  50.         <directory>c:\temp\MavenExamples\src\main\resources</directory>
  51.       </resource>
  52.     </resources>
  53.     <testResources>
  54.       <testResource>
  55.         <directory>c:\temp\MavenExamples\src\test\resources</directory>
  56.       </testResource>
  57.     </testResources>
  58.     <directory>c:\temp\MavenExamples\target</directory>
  59.     <finalName>MavenExamples-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</finalName>
  60.     <pluginManagement>
  61.       <plugins>
  62.         <plugin>
  63.           <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
  64.           <version>1.3</version>
  65.         </plugin>
  66.         <plugin>
  67.           <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
  68.           <version>2.2-beta-5</version>
  69.         </plugin>
  70.         <plugin>
  71.           <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
  72.           <version>2.8</version>
  73.         </plugin>
  74.         <plugin>
  75.           <artifactId>maven-release-plugin</artifactId>
  76.           <version>2.3.2</version>
  77.         </plugin>
  78.       </plugins>
  79.     </pluginManagement>
  80.     <plugins>
  81.       <plugin>
  82.         <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
  83.         <version>2.5</version>
  84.         <executions>
  85.           <execution>
  86.             <id>default-clean</id>
  87.             <phase>clean</phase>
  88.             <goals>
  89.               <goal>clean</goal>
  90.             </goals>
  91.           </execution>
  92.         </executions>
  93.       </plugin>
  94.       <plugin>
  95.         <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
  96.         <version>2.6</version>
  97.         <executions>
  98.           <execution>
  99.             <id>default-testResources</id>
  100.             <phase>process-test-resources</phase>
  101.             <goals>
  102.               <goal>testResources</goal>
  103.             </goals>
  104.           </execution>
  105.           <execution>
  106.             <id>default-resources</id>
  107.             <phase>process-resources</phase>
  108.             <goals>
  109.               <goal>resources</goal>
  110.             </goals>
  111.           </execution>
  112.         </executions>
  113.       </plugin>
  114.       <plugin>
  115.         <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
  116.         <version>2.4</version>
  117.         <executions>
  118.           <execution>
  119.             <id>default-jar</id>
  120.             <phase>package</phase>
  121.             <goals>
  122.               <goal>jar</goal>
  123.             </goals>
  124.           </execution>
  125.         </executions>
  126.       </plugin>
  127.       <plugin>
  128.         <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
  129.         <version>3.1</version>
  130.         <executions>
  131.           <execution>
  132.             <id>default-compile</id>
  133.             <phase>compile</phase>
  134.             <goals>
  135.               <goal>compile</goal>
  136.             </goals>
  137.           </execution>
  138.           <execution>
  139.             <id>default-testCompile</id>
  140.             <phase>test-compile</phase>
  141.             <goals>
  142.               <goal>testCompile</goal>
  143.             </goals>
  144.           </execution>
  145.         </executions>
  146.       </plugin>
  147.       <plugin>
  148.         <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
  149.         <version>2.12.4</version>
  150.         <executions>
  151.           <execution>
  152.             <id>default-test</id>
  153.             <phase>test</phase>
  154.             <goals>
  155.               <goal>test</goal>
  156.             </goals>
  157.           </execution>
  158.         </executions>
  159.       </plugin>
  160.       <plugin>
  161.         <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
  162.         <version>2.4</version>
  163.         <executions>
  164.           <execution>
  165.             <id>default-install</id>
  166.             <phase>install</phase>
  167.             <goals>
  168.               <goal>install</goal>
  169.             </goals>
  170.           </execution>
  171.         </executions>
  172.       </plugin>
  173.       <plugin>
  174.         <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
  175.         <version>2.7</version>
  176.         <executions>
  177.           <execution>
  178.             <id>default-deploy</id>
  179.             <phase>deploy</phase>
  180.             <goals>
  181.               <goal>deploy</goal>
  182.             </goals>
  183.           </execution>
  184.         </executions>
  185.       </plugin>
  186.       <plugin>
  187.         <artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId>
  188.         <version>3.3</version>
  189.         <executions>
  190.           <execution>
  191.             <id>default-site</id>
  192.             <phase>site</phase>
  193.             <goals>
  194.               <goal>site</goal>
  195.             </goals>
  196.             <configuration>
  197.               <outputDirectory>c:\temp\MavenExamples\target\site</outputDirectory>
  198.               <reportPlugins>
  199.                 <reportPlugin>
  200.                   <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
  201.                   <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
  202.                 </reportPlugin>
  203.               </reportPlugins>
  204.             </configuration>
  205.           </execution>
  206.           <execution>
  207.             <id>default-deploy</id>
  208.             <phase>site-deploy</phase>
  209.             <goals>
  210.               <goal>deploy</goal>
  211.             </goals>
  212.             <configuration>
  213.               <outputDirectory>c:\temp\MavenExamples\target\site</outputDirectory>
  214.               <reportPlugins>
  215.                 <reportPlugin>
  216.                   <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
  217.                   <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
  218.                 </reportPlugin>
  219.               </reportPlugins>
  220.             </configuration>
  221.           </execution>
  222.         </executions>
  223.         <configuration>
  224.           <outputDirectory>c:\temp\MavenExamples\target\site</outputDirectory>
  225.           <reportPlugins>
  226.             <reportPlugin>
  227.               <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
  228.               <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
  229.             </reportPlugin>
  230.           </reportPlugins>
  231.         </configuration>
  232.       </plugin>
  233.     </plugins>
  234.   </build>
  235.   <reporting>
  236.     <outputDirectory>c:\temp\MavenExamples\target\site</outputDirectory>
  237.   </reporting>
  238. </project>

将我的问题放在评论部分。

学习愉快！