以下内容源自我在Scott Klemmer UC SanDiego的课程学习笔记 网络视频可以登陆coursera进行报名学习 课件来源于Scott Klemmer教授

DP-03-4-ReadingAndNavigating.pdf

1.信息的气味追踪

•人们能找到他们想要的信息吗?
•他们能意识到如何选择吗？

1.1如何检测不好的信息气味

•摇摇欲坠 Flailing
•缺乏信心 Low confidence
•后退按钮 Back button

1.2低气味的导航
image.png

  • 令人惊讶的类别：类别混乱，不易理解
  • 短链接
  • 隐藏导航
  • 图标提供的附加信息很少：图片没有多大意义

    1.3通用图标几乎没帮助

    image.png

1.4图标在哪些情况下有帮助……

•有利于重复信息的识别
•当你知道某样东西长什么样子，却不知道它叫什么名字的时候
•是能提供帮助的额外代码

2.改进气味:多字链接

  • 具有特定的、可识别的术语（链接名称）
  • 是触发词，而不是“聪明的”术语（“Here”）
  • 有助于可访问性（“这里是一个视频的链接”）

image.png image.png image.png

3.改进气味：“对话式”块状导航

https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2008/02/navigation-menus-trends-and-examples/

由于设计师试图与访问者展开更有效的对话，我们更愿意称之为“说话式”导航，而不是基于关键字列表的“沉默式”导航。
为了使信息的感知更容易，导航通常使用相同高度和宽度的块来构建;大图标经常被使用，但在大多数情况下，它们是否合适取决于网站的内容和整体布局。“软”气垫效果往往支持导航设计，使浏览更愉快。

4.位置有关系吗？

4.1眼动追踪

image.png

为了看的性能而设计
image.png

如果人们认为自己会得到回报，他们会非常乐意滚动屏幕

4.2人们如何在线阅读

不阅读
交错的浏览

以下内容参考：
https://www.nngroup.com/articles/how-users-read-on-the-web/
为了衡量我们已经确定的一些内容指导方针的效果，我们开发了同一个网站的五个不同版本(相同的基本信息;不同的措辞;网站导航相同)。然后我们让用户在不同的站点上执行相同的任务。
如表所示：

Site Version Sample Paragraph Usability Improvement
(relative to control condition)
Promotional writing (control condition)
using the “marketese” found on many commercial websites		 Nebraska is filled with internationally recognized attractions that draw large crowds of people every year, without fail. In 1996, some of the most popular places were Fort Robinson State Park (355,000 visitors), Scotts Bluff National Monument (132,166), Arbor Lodge State Historical Park & Museum (100,000), Carhenge (86,598), Stuhr Museum of the Prairie Pioneer (60,002), and Buffalo Bill Ranch State Historical Park (28,446). 0%
(by definition)
Concise text
with about half the word count as the control condition		 In 1996, six of the best-attended attractions in Nebraska were Fort Robinson State Park, Scotts Bluff National Monument, Arbor Lodge State Historical Park & Museum, Carhenge, Stuhr Museum of the Prairie Pioneer, and Buffalo Bill Ranch State Historical Park. 58%
Scannable layout
using the same text as the control condition in a layout that facilitated scanning		 Nebraska is filled with internationally recognized attractions that draw large crowds of people every year, without fail. In 1996, some of the most popular places were:
- Fort Robinson State Park (355,000 visitors)
- Scotts Bluff National Monument (132,166)
- Arbor Lodge State Historical Park & Museum (100,000)
- Carhenge (86,598)
- Stuhr Museum of the Prairie Pioneer (60,002)
- Buffalo Bill Ranch State Historical Park (28,446).
 47%
Objective language
using neutral rather than subjective, boastful, or exaggerated language (otherwise the same as the control condition)		 Nebraska has several attractions. In 1996, some of the most-visited places were Fort Robinson State Park (355,000 visitors), Scotts Bluff National Monument (132,166), Arbor Lodge State Historical Park & Museum (100,000), Carhenge (86,598), Stuhr Museum of the Prairie Pioneer (60,002), and Buffalo Bill Ranch State Historical Park (28,446). 27%
Combined version
using all three improvements in writing style together: concise, scannable, and objective		 In 1996, six of the most-visited places in Nebraska were:
- Fort Robinson State Park
- Scotts Bluff National Monument
- Arbor Lodge State Historical Park & Museum
- Carhenge
- Stuhr Museum of the Prairie Pioneer
- Buffalo Bill Ranch State Historical Park
 124%

简明版本的可用性测试结果显著提高(提高了58%)
可扫描版本的可用性测试结果显著提高了(提高了47%)
当我们将三种改进写作风格的想法结合到一个网站上时，结果真的很出色:可用性提高了124%。