Pciutils源码分析

lspci是Linux下分析PCI设备的神器，简单分析下实现原理

源码下载： pciutils-3.7.0 或 github下载

pciutils提供了三种常用的工具：

  • lspci: displays detailed information about all PCI buses and devices. 查看PCI设备的信息

  • setpci: allows to read from and write to PCI device configuration registers. For example, you can adjust the latency timers with it. CAUTION: There is a couple of dangerous points and caveats, please read the manual page first! 允许读写PCI配置空间

  • update-pciids: download the current version of the pci.ids file. 更新最新版本的pci.ids文档 // /usr/share/misc/pci.ids 前边描述了已知设备得vendor ID和DeviceID 后边(List of known device classes, subclasses and programming interfaces) 描述了 class code组成方式

lspci

如何使用

其实最常用得办法就是查看配置空间

  1. lspci   | grep xxxx # 来查找设备得BDF号，grep是用来过滤其他设备， xxx可以是device号，也可以是Classcode对应类型设备
  2. (base) baiy@inno-MS-7B89:driver-test$ lspci | grep 1480
  3. 00:00.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1480
  6. (base) baiy@inno-MS-7B89:driver-test$ sudo lspci -s 28:00.1 -xxxxvvvv  # 用root用户来查看设备所有得配置空间详情
  7. 28:00.1 Encryption controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1486
  8.     Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Device 7b89
  9.     Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
  10.     Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort+ <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
  11.     Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes
  12.     Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 90
  13.     Region 2: Memory at f7300000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1M]
  14.     Region 5: Memory at f7408000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=8K]
  15.     Capabilities: [48] Vendor Specific Information: Len=08 <?>
  16.     Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 3
  17.         Flags: PMEClk- DSI- D1- D2- AuxCurrent=0mA PME(D0-,D1-,D2-,D3hot-,D3cold-)
  18.         Status: D0 NoSoftRst+ PME-Enable- DSel=0 DScale=0 PME-
  19.     Capabilities: [64] Express (v2) Endpoint, MSI 00
  20.         DevCap:    MaxPayload 256 bytes, PhantFunc 0, Latency L0s <4us, L1 unlimited
  21.             ExtTag+ AttnBtn- AttnInd- PwrInd- RBE+ FLReset+ SlotPowerLimit 0.000W
  22.         DevCtl:    Report errors: Correctable- Non-Fatal- Fatal- Unsupported-
  23.             RlxdOrd+ ExtTag+ PhantFunc- AuxPwr- NoSnoop+ FLReset-
  24.             MaxPayload 256 bytes, MaxReadReq 512 bytes
  25.         DevSta:    CorrErr+ UncorrErr- FatalErr- UnsuppReq+ AuxPwr- TransPend-
  26.         LnkCap:    Port #0, Speed 16GT/s, Width x16, ASPM L0s L1, Exit Latency L0s <64ns, L1 <1us
  27.             ClockPM- Surprise- LLActRep- BwNot- ASPMOptComp+
  28.         LnkCtl:    ASPM Disabled; RCB 64 bytes Disabled- CommClk+
  29.             ExtSynch- ClockPM- AutWidDis- BWInt- AutBWInt-
  30.         LnkSta:    Speed 16GT/s, Width x16, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive- BWMgmt- ABWMgmt-
  31.         DevCap2: Completion Timeout: Range ABCD, TimeoutDis+, LTR-, OBFF Not Supported
  32.         DevCtl2: Completion Timeout: 50us to 50ms, TimeoutDis-, LTR-, OBFF Disabled
  33.         LnkSta2: Current De-emphasis Level: -3.5dB, EqualizationComplete-, EqualizationPhase1-
  34.              EqualizationPhase2-, EqualizationPhase3-, LinkEqualizationRequest-
  35.     Capabilities: [a0] MSI: Enable- Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
  36.         Address: 0000000000000000  Data: 0000
  37.     Capabilities: [c0] MSI-X: Enable+ Count=2 Masked-
  38.         Vector table: BAR=5 offset=00000000
  39.         PBA: BAR=5 offset=00001000
  40.     Capabilities: [100 v1] Vendor Specific Information: ID=0001 Rev=1 Len=010 <?>
  41.     Capabilities: [150 v2] Advanced Error Reporting
  42.         UESta:    DLP- SDES- TLP- FCP- CmpltTO- CmpltAbrt- UnxCmplt- RxOF- MalfTLP- ECRC- UnsupReq- ACSViol-
  43.         UEMsk:    DLP- SDES- TLP- FCP- CmpltTO- CmpltAbrt- UnxCmplt- RxOF- MalfTLP- ECRC- UnsupReq- ACSViol-
  44.         UESvrt:    DLP+ SDES+ TLP- FCP+ CmpltTO- CmpltAbrt- UnxCmplt- RxOF+ MalfTLP+ ECRC- UnsupReq- ACSViol-
  45.         CESta:    RxErr- BadTLP- BadDLLP- Rollover- Timeout- NonFatalErr+
  46.         CEMsk:    RxErr- BadTLP- BadDLLP- Rollover- Timeout- NonFatalErr+
  47.         AERCap:    First Error Pointer: 00, GenCap- CGenEn- ChkCap- ChkEn-
  48.     Capabilities: [2a0 v1] Access Control Services
  49.         ACSCap:    SrcValid- TransBlk- ReqRedir- CmpltRedir- UpstreamFwd- EgressCtrl- DirectTrans-
  50.         ACSCtl:    SrcValid- TransBlk- ReqRedir- CmpltRedir- UpstreamFwd- EgressCtrl- DirectTrans-
  51.     Capabilities: [370 v1] Transaction Processing Hints
  52.         Device specific mode supported
  53.         Steering table in TPH capability structure
  54.     Kernel driver in use: ccp
  55.     Kernel modules: ccp
  56. 00: 22 10 86 14 06 04 10 08 00 00 80 10 10 00 80 00
  57. 10: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 30 f7 00 00 00 00
  58. ......
  1. baiy@ubuntu:pcie-test$ lspci -h
  4. Basic display modes:
  5. -mm        Produce machine-readable output (single -m for an obsolete format)
  6. -t        Show bus tree
  8. Display options:
  9. -v        Be verbose (-vv for very verbose)
  10. -k        Show kernel drivers handling each device
  11. -x        Show hex-dump of the standard part of the config space
  12. -xxx        Show hex-dump of the whole config space (dangerous; root only)
  13. -xxxx        Show hex-dump of the 4096-byte extended config space (root only)
  14. -b        Bus-centric view (addresses and IRQ's as seen by the bus)
  15. -D        Always show domain numbers
  17. Resolving of device ID's to names:
  18. -n        Show numeric ID's
  19. -nn        Show both textual and numeric ID's (names & numbers)
  20. -q        Query the PCI ID database for unknown ID's via DNS
  21. -qq        As above, but re-query locally cached entries
  22. -Q        Query the PCI ID database for all ID's via DNS
  24. Selection of devices:
  25. -s [[[[<domain>]:]<bus>]:][<slot>][.[<func>]]    Show only devices in selected slots
  26. -d [<vendor>]:[<device>][:<class>]        Show only devices with specified ID's
  28. Other options:
  29. -i <file>    Use specified ID database instead of /usr/share/misc/pci.ids.gz
  30. -p <file>    Look up kernel modules in a given file instead of default modules.pcimap
  31. -M        Enable `bus mapping' mode (dangerous; root only)
  33. PCI access options:
  34. -A <method>    Use the specified PCI access method (see `-A help' for a list)
  35. -O <par>=<val>    Set PCI access parameter (see `-O help' for a list)
  36. -G        Enable PCI access debugging
  37. -H <mode>    Use direct hardware access (<mode> = 1 or 2)
  38. -F <file>    Read PCI configuration dump from a given file

源码包编译

注：配置文件只需要看 lib/config.h即可

  1. # 编译过程
  2. make 即可
  4. # 配置过程
  5. Makefile会调用 
  6. lib/config.h lib/config.mk:
  7.     cd lib && ./configure
  9. lib/configure会将当前所支持的配置写入到lib/config.h中

代码流程分析

  1. main // lspci.c
  2.     pacc = pci_alloc();  //  ***分配自己的struct pci_access，也会初始化param表
  3.       pci_methods
  4.         pm_linux_sysfs
  5.               sysfs_config(pacc)      //  这里吧所有支持方法的访问目录方式存在parm list，然后遍历
  6.                                                              //  在访问时，通过 sysfs_name(a)获取根目录
  7.                                 // lib/configure:73:echo >>$c '#define PCI_PATH_SYS_BUS_PCI "/sys/bus/pci"'
  9.   getopt(argc, argv, options) // 解析参数
  10.     pci_init(pacc);                          // 初始化方法
  11.       pci_init_v35(pacc);              // 初始化方法表： 解析pci_methods 使用哪个接口
  12.   scan_devices();                            // 扫描所有设备   // sysfs_scan
  13.   sort_them();                                // 快速排序
  14.   show();                                            // 显示
  15.   show_kernel_cleanup();
  16.   pci_cleanup(pacc);
  18. 解析参数中 -A，-O，-G等PCI access options参数:
  19.     default分支：
  20.       parse_generic_option(i, pacc, optarg) // 解析即可
  23. ### 初始化方法接口 
  24. pci_init(pacc);
  25.     pci_init_v35(struct pci_access *a) //init.c
  26.       // *** 获取pci接口，PCI_ACCESS_SYS_BUS_PCI=1，使用pci_methods->pm_linux_sysfs
  27.     struct pci_methods *m = pci_methods[probe_sequence[i]]; // ***获取方法
  28.     pm_linux_sysfs->detect(); // 检查sysfs是否存在
  29.     pm_linux_sysfs->init(); //a->methods->init(a);功能：清空未使用的变量
  32. // ******所以全局的操作方法接口使用如下****  ！！！
  33. struct pci_methods pm_linux_sysfs = {
  34.   "linux-sysfs",                                            //  name接口
  35.   "The sys filesystem on Linux",            //  help接口
  36.   sysfs_config,                                                //  config接口
  37.   sysfs_detect,                                                //  detect接口
  38.   sysfs_init,                                                    //    init接口
  39.   sysfs_cleanup,                                            //    cleanup接口
  40.   sysfs_scan,                                               //    scan接口
  41.   sysfs_fill_info,                                      //    fill_info接口
  42.   sysfs_read,                                                //    read接口
  43.   sysfs_write,                                              //    write接口
  44.   sysfs_read_vpd,                                            //    read_vpd接口
  45.   NULL,                    /* init_dev */                //  init_dev接口
  46.   sysfs_cleanup_dev                                        //     cleanup_dev接口
  47. };
  50. # 注： opt_map_mode暂时不考虑，help里边说有风险
  51. ### 扫描设备接口
  52. scan_devices
  54.   sysfs_scan
  55.     // sysfs_config中获取的目录索引，然后查询dir
  56.     snprintf(dirname, sizeof(dirname), "%s/devices", sysfs_name(a));
  58.     while ((entry = readdir(dir))){
  59.         d = pci_alloc_dev(a);      // 分配dev，并初始化
  60.         pci_link_dev(a, d);
  61.           (struct pci_access *)a->devices = d, 弄成链表，然后前插
  62.     }
  64.   for (p=pacc->devices; p; p=p->next) // 遍历
  65.       scan_device(p)
  66.         pci_read_block(p, 0, d->config, 64)  # 预读取配置空间
  67.           sysfs_read
  68.             do_read(d, fd, buf, len, pos);
  69.               syscall(SYS_pread, fd, buf, size, where);    // 调用系统调用，有点意思的操作方法 ！！！！

获取厂家信息：
从pci.ids中进行对比，来查找厂家信息和设备信息。 pci的id表收录在 pci-ids.ucw.cz 中

PCI ID Project at The PCI ID Repository， 注册登陆后（公司是PCI-SIG组织成员），可以增加修改对应device id的描述信息，需要maintainer审批合入后，展示在PCI ID网站上 sudo update-pciids 命令可以更新pci.ids 在此位置/usr/share/misc/pci.ids可以查看更新后pci.ids文件

  1. baiy@inno-NUC8i3BEH:pciutils-3.7.0$ sudo ./lspci -s 00:02.0 -m
  3. opt_machine is 1, verbose is 0
  4. 00:02.0 "VGA compatible controller" "Intel Corporation" "Device 3ea5" -r01 "Intel Corporation" "Device 2074"
  5. baiy@inno-NUC8i3BEH:pciutils-3.7.0$ sudo ./lspci -s 00:02.0 -mv
  6. opt_machine is 1, verbose is 1
  7. Device:    00:02.0
  8. Class:    VGA compatible controller
  9. Vendor:    Intel Corporation
  10. Device:    Device 3ea5
  11. SVendor:    Intel Corporation
  12. SDevice:    Device 2074
  13. Rev:    01
  16. show
  17.     show_device(d);
  18.       show_machine(d);  // verbose就是 -vvv中v的数量

获取pci详细信息

  1. show
  2.     show_device(d);
  3.       show_verbose(d);  // verbose就是 -vvv中v的数量
  1. opt_machine is 0, verbose is 3
  2. 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Device 3ea5 (rev 01) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
  3.     DeviceName:  CPU
  4.     Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 2074
  5.     Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
  6.     Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
  7.     Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes
  8.     Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 132
  9.     Region 0: Memory at 90000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
  10.     Region 2: Memory at 80000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
  11.     Region 4: I/O ports at 3000 [size=64]
  12.     Expansion ROM at 000c0000 [virtual] [disabled] [size=128K]
  13.     Capabilities: [40] Vendor Specific Information: Len=0c <?>
  14.     Capabilities: [70] Express (v2) Root Complex Integrated Endpoint, MSI 00
  15.         DevCap:    MaxPayload 128 bytes, PhantFunc 0
  16.             ExtTag- RBE+ FLReset+
  17.         DevCtl:    CorrErr- NonFatalErr- FatalErr- UnsupReq-
  18.             RlxdOrd- ExtTag- PhantFunc- AuxPwr- NoSnoop- FLReset-
  19.             MaxPayload 128 bytes, MaxReadReq 128 bytes
  20.         DevSta:    CorrErr- NonFatalErr- FatalErr- UnsupReq- AuxPwr- TransPend-
  21.         DevCap2: Completion Timeout: Not Supported, TimeoutDis- NROPrPrP- LTR-
  22.              10BitTagComp- 10BitTagReq- OBFF Not Supported, ExtFmt- EETLPPrefix-
  23.              EmergencyPowerReduction Not Supported, EmergencyPowerReductionInit-
  24.              FRS-
  25.              AtomicOpsCap: 32bit- 64bit- 128bitCAS-
  26.         DevCtl2: Completion Timeout: 50us to 50ms, TimeoutDis- LTR- OBFF Disabled,
  27.              AtomicOpsCtl: ReqEn-
  28.     Capabilities: [ac] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit-
  29.         Address: fee00018  Data: 0000
  30.     Capabilities: [d0] Power Management version 2
  31.         Flags: PMEClk- DSI+ D1- D2- AuxCurrent=0mA PME(D0-,D1-,D2-,D3hot-,D3cold-)
  32.         Status: D0 NoSoftRst- PME-Enable- DSel=0 DScale=0 PME-
  33.     Capabilities: [100 v1] Process Address Space ID (PASID)
  34.         PASIDCap: Exec- Priv-, Max PASID Width: 14
  35.         PASIDCtl: Enable- Exec- Priv-
  36.     Capabilities: [200 v1] Address Translation Service (ATS)
  37.         ATSCap:    Invalidate Queue Depth: 00
  38.         ATSCtl:    Enable-, Smallest Translation Unit: 00
  39.     Capabilities: [300 v1] Page Request Interface (PRI)
  40.         PRICtl: Enable- Reset-
  41.         PRISta: RF- UPRGI- Stopped+
  42.         Page Request Capacity: 00008000, Page Request Allocation: 00000000
  43.     Kernel driver in use: i915
  44.     Kernel modules: i915

lspci -t 的解析（重点，也可通过sysfs进行查看，更直观）

以下边为例，来详解一个lspci 的树形结构

  1. # 其实真没有下边这个直观
  2. (base) baiy@inno-MS-7B89:~$ tree /sys/bus/pci/devices/
  3. /sys/bus/pci/devices/
  4. ├── 0000:00:00.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:00.0
  5. ├── 0000:00:00.2 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:00.2
  6. ├── 0000:00:01.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0
  7. ├── 0000:00:01.1 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.1
  8. ├── 0000:00:01.3 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.3
  9. ├── 0000:00:02.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0
  10. ├── 0000:00:03.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.0
  11. ├── 0000:00:03.1 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.1
  12. ├── 0000:00:04.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:04.0
  13. ├── 0000:00:05.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0
  14. ├── 0000:00:07.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0
  15. ├── 0000:00:07.1 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.1
  16. ├── 0000:00:08.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.0
  17. ├── 0000:00:08.1 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1
  18. ├── 0000:00:08.2 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.2
  19. ├── 0000:00:08.3 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.3
  20. ├── 0000:00:14.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0
  21. ├── 0000:00:14.3 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.3
  22. ├── 0000:00:18.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:18.0
  23. ├── 0000:00:18.1 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:18.1
  24. ├── 0000:00:18.2 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:18.2
  25. ├── 0000:00:18.3 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:18.3
  26. ├── 0000:00:18.4 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:18.4
  27. ├── 0000:00:18.5 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:18.5
  28. ├── 0000:00:18.6 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:18.6
  29. ├── 0000:00:18.7 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:18.7
  30. ├── 0000:01:00.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.1/0000:01:00.0
  31. ├── 0000:03:00.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.3/0000:03:00.0
  32. ├── 0000:03:00.1 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.3/0000:03:00.1
  33. ├── 0000:03:00.2 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.3/0000:03:00.2
  34. ├── 0000:20:00.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.3/0000:03:00.2/0000:20:00.0
  35. ├── 0000:20:01.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.3/0000:03:00.2/0000:20:01.0
  36. ├── 0000:20:04.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.3/0000:03:00.2/0000:20:04.0
  37. ├── 0000:22:00.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.3/0000:03:00.2/0000:20:01.0/0000:22:00.0
  38. ├── 0000:26:00.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.1/0000:26:00.0
  39. ├── 0000:26:00.1 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.1/0000:26:00.1
  40. ├── 0000:27:00.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.1/0000:27:00.0
  41. ├── 0000:28:00.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:28:00.0
  42. ├── 0000:28:00.1 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:28:00.1
  43. ├── 0000:28:00.3 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:28:00.3
  44. ├── 0000:28:00.4 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:28:00.4
  45. ├── 0000:30:00.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.2/0000:30:00.0
  46. └── 0000:31:00.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.3/0000:31:00.0
  48. (base) baiy@inno-MS-7B89:~$ lspci
  49. 00:00.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1480
  50. 00:00.2 IOMMU: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1481
  51. 00:01.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1482
  52. 00:01.1 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1483
  53. 00:01.3 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1483
  54. 00:02.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1482
  55. 00:03.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1482
  56. 00:03.1 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1483
  57. 00:04.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1482
  58. 00:05.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1482
  59. 00:07.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1482
  60. 00:07.1 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1484
  61. 00:08.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1482
  62. 00:08.1 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1484
  63. 00:08.2 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1484
  64. 00:08.3 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1484
  65. 00:14.0 SMBus: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH SMBus Controller (rev 61)
  66. 00:14.3 ISA bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH LPC Bridge (rev 51)
  67. 00:18.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1440
  68. 00:18.1 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1441
  69. 00:18.2 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1442
  70. 00:18.3 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1443
  71. 00:18.4 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1444
  72. 00:18.5 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1445
  73. 00:18.6 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1446
  74. 00:18.7 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1447
  75. 01:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller: Sandisk Corp Device 5006
  76. 03:00.0 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 43d5 (rev 01)
  77. 03:00.1 SATA controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 43c8 (rev 01)
  78. 03:00.2 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 43c6 (rev 01)
  79. 20:00.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 43c7 (rev 01)
  80. 20:01.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 43c7 (rev 01)
  81. 20:04.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 43c7 (rev 01)
  82. 22:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 15)
  83. 26:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation Device 1f82 (rev a1)
  84. 26:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation Device 10fa (rev a1)
  85. 27:00.0 Non-Essential Instrumentation [1300]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 148a
  86. 28:00.0 Non-Essential Instrumentation [1300]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1485
  87. 28:00.1 Encryption controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1486
  88. 28:00.3 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 149c
  89. 28:00.4 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1487
  90. 30:00.0 SATA controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH SATA Controller [AHCI mode] (rev 51)
  91. 31:00.0 SATA controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH SATA Controller [AHCI mode] (rev 51)
  92. (base) baiy@inno-MS-7B89:~$ lspci -t
  93. -[0000:00]-+-00.0
  94.            +-00.2
  95.            +-01.0
  96.            +-01.1-[01]----00.0
  97.            +-01.3-[03-25]--+-00.0
  98.            |               +-00.1
  99.            |               \-00.2-[20-25]--+-00.0-[21]--
  100.            |                               +-01.0-[22]----00.0
  101.            |                               \-04.0-[25]--
  102.            +-02.0
  103.            +-03.0
  104.            +-03.1-[26]--+-00.0
  105.            |            \-00.1
  106.            +-04.0
  107.            +-05.0
  108.            +-07.0
  109.            +-07.1-[27]----00.0
  110.            +-08.0
  111.            +-08.1-[28]--+-00.0
  112.            |            +-00.1
  113.            |            +-00.3
  114.            |            \-00.4
  115.            +-08.2-[30]----00.0
  116.            +-08.3-[31]----00.0
  117.            +-14.0
  118.            +-14.3
  119.            +-18.0
  120.            +-18.1
  121.            +-18.2
  122.            +-18.3
  123.            +-18.4
  124.            +-18.5
  125.            +-18.6
  126.            \-18.7

setpci 修改配置空间

可以用来修改配置空间
参考： setpci

  1. sudo setpci -s 00:02.0 F4.B=FF
  2. setpci 是修改设备属性的命令。
  3. -s 表示接下来输入的是设备的地址。
  4. 00:02.0 VGA设备地址（<总线>:<接口>.<功能>）。
  5. F4 要修改的属性的地址，这里应该表示“亮度”。
  6. .B 修改的长度（B应该是字节（Byte），还有w（应该是Word，两个字节）、L（应该是Long，4个字节））。
  7. =FF 要修改的值（可以改）
  10. (base) baiy@inno-MS-7B89:Linux-kernel-test$ sudo setpci  -s 26:00.0 04.W=0407
  11. (base) baiy@inno-MS-7B89:Linux-kernel-test$ lspci -s 26:00.0 -xxxvvv
  12. 26:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation Device 1f82 (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
  13.     Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Device 8d92
  14.     Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
  15.     Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR+ <PERR- INTx-
  16.     Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes
  17.     Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 94
  18.     Region 0: Memory at f6000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
  19.     Region 1: Memory at e0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
  20.     Region 3: Memory at f0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=32M]
  21.     Region 5: I/O ports at e000 [size=128]
  22.     Expansion ROM at 000c0000 [disabled] [size=128K]
  23.     Capabilities: <access denied>
  24.     Kernel driver in use: nouveau
  25.     Kernel modules: nvidiafb, nouveau
  26. 00: de 10 82 1f 07 04 10 40 a1 00 00 03 10 00 80 00
  27. 10: 00 00 00 f6 0c 00 00 e0 00 00 00 00 0c 00 00 f0
  28. 20: 00 00 00 00 01 e0 00 00 00 00 00 00 62 14 92 8d
  29. 30: 00 00 00 f7 60 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0a 01 00 00

实战应用

在我测试时，遇到过一个任务：HotReset 一个设备，怎么办？

通过前边，我们知道： 7.5.1.3.13 Bridge Control Register (Offset 3Eh) 中的 Secondary Bus Reset 位 写1 可以使用Host Rset（PCI总线，
使用RST#信号复位， PCIE设备使用TS1和TS2序列对下游设备进行Host Rset）

那么只需要lspci -t 找到设备所在的switch上，使用setpci命令将Secondary Bus Reset进行复位即可。

附录：提供两个查看PCI得工具

推荐两个实用的PCIe工具软件

1. Mindshare Arbor
Mindshare是一家专业的第三方硬件系统培训公司，主要方向为PCI Express、M-PCIe、NVMe、USB、ARM Architecture、DDRx/LPDDRx、Intel Haswell/Broadell、Intel Mobile Platform and SoC、x86 Architecture、HyperTransport、PCI/PCI-X、SAS Storage、SATA Storage、ISA System、InfiniBand Network Architecture、x86 Firmware：UEFI and BIOS和OpenCL等内容。
该公司还出版过多本相关内容的书籍：https://www.mindshare.com/Books/Books_*_eBooks
Arbor是该公司开发的一款调试软件，主要用于PCI/PCI-X/PCIe/Hyper Transport系统的分析与调试。支持主流的Windows和Linux系统：https://www.mindshare.com/software/?section=132B0BA21710
用户可以在以上链接免费下载该软件，并有14天的免费试用期，试用期结束后，调试分析功能将被锁定，但是PCI/PCIe Configuration Space查阅功能仍然可以正常使用。该功能实际上就是把PCI/PCIe Spec的相关内容做成了一个软件，方便设计者快速地查找Configuration Space中的每个寄存器的意义和使用方法，如下图所示：
1.LSPCI源码及使用 - 图1
2. Teledyne LeCroy TeleScan PE**
Teledyne LeCroy TeleScan PE是与LeCroy的PCIe协议分析仪配套的软件套件中的一部分，和Arbor一样，该软件也同时支持主流的Windows和Linux系统。大家可以在LeCroy的官网上免费下载，并免费使用：
https://teledynelecroy.com/protocolanalyzer/pci-express/telescan-pe-software/resources/analysis-software
TeleScan PE刚好提供了Arbor需要付费才能使用的那部分功能：用户可以通过TeleScan PE来扫描系统中的PCI/PCIe设备，并提供了读写其配置空间中的寄存器的功能。TeleScan PE软件的用户界面截图如下图所示：
1.LSPCI源码及使用 - 图2