常用操作

vim中tab和空格转换

  1. TAB替换为空格：
  2. :set ts=4
  3. :set expandtab
  4. :%retab!
  8. 空格替换为TAB：
  9. :set ts=4
  10. :set noexpandtab
  11. :%retab!

开机加载模块和禁止加载模块

如何让开机加载/禁止加载 lib下的 驱动
/etc/modules：
内核模块文件，里面列出的模块会在系统启动时自动加载。
/etc/modprobe.d：
存放禁止加载或者加载内核模块脚本的目录。

  1. # 比如我想开机加载这两个驱动
  2. # 需要确定  /boot/config-$(uname -r) 中是否将该启动项设置为模块
  3. root@inno-MS-7B89:mdev# ls /lib/modules/5.4.0-58-generic/kernel/drivers/vfio/mdev
  4. mdev.ko  vfio_mdev.ko
  6. # 然后修改/etc/modules即可

typora download

https://gitee.com/typora-mirror/Typora-Mirror/releases

图形界面打开和关闭

  1. sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop 
  3. 1. 关闭用户图形界面 
  4. sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target && sudo reboot 
  6. 2.开启用户图形界面 
  7. sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target && sudo reboot

JDK环境搭建

https://blog.csdn.net/pxmxx/article/details/80106239
https://www.jianshu.com/p/6fe47f6a1b2a ： 推荐源码下载安装

搜狗输入法

https://blog.csdn.net/nuoyanli/article/details/93303275
注：安装后，记得 sudo apt-get autoremove ibus 删除了，要不有很多麻烦

ubuntu 18.04 设置开机启动脚本

https://www.cnblogs.com/airdot/p/9688530.html

oh-my-zsh

https://www.jianshu.com/p/d194d29e488c?open_source=weibo_search

Apt-get相关管理

  1. apt-cache madison <<package name>>  # 列出所有源的版本
  2. apt-cache policy <<package name>>   
  4. apt-file search libz.so.1 #查看库所属包
  5. apt list --upgradable   #列出可以升级的库
  6. sudo apt-get  upgrade #升级
  7. sudo apt-get -f install 是修复损坏的软件包，尝试卸载出错的包，重新安装正确版本的。
  8. sudo apt-get update --fix-missing
  9. sudo apt-get autoremove && sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get install -f
  12. sudo apt-get update 更新源
  13. sudo apt-get install packagename 安装包
  14. sudo apt-get install packagename=xxxx  安装指定版本的软件
  15. sudo apt-get -f install 修复安装”-f = –fix-missing”
  17. sudo apt-cache search packagename 搜索包
  18. sudo apt-cache show packagename 获取包的相关信息，如说明、大小、版本等
  19. sudo apt-get install packagename --reinstall 重新安装包
  20. sudo apt-get remove packagename 删除包
  21. sudo apt-get remove packagename --purge 删除包，包括删除配置文件等
  22. sudo apt-get upgrade 更新已安装的包
  23. sudo apt-get dist-upgrade 升级系统
  24. sudo apt-get dselect-upgrade 使用 dselect 升级
  25. sudo apt-cache depends packagename 了解使用依赖
  26. sudo apt-cache rdepends packagename 是查看该包被哪些包依赖
  27. sudo apt-get build-dep packagename 安装相关的编译环境
  28. sudo apt-get source packagename 下载该包的源代码
  29. sudo apt-get clean 清理无用的包
  30. sudo apt-get autoclean 清理无用的包
  31. sudo apt-get check 检查是否有损坏的依赖

保存终端到文件

  1. sudo script screen.log exit

音量控制

  1.  sudo alsamixer  #可控制音量

Linux用户组管理

Linux 中将用户添加到组的指令

Linux下windows工具安装

https://github.com/linuxdeepin/deepin-terminal #听说好用的深度终端

VIM配置

https://starifly.github.io/FlyVim/
当然，我这里还是经常使用： vimrc 里边的配置

本地搭建ali镜像源

查看系统版本

  1.  使用lsb_release -a查看操作系统相关信息，主要需要注意Codename这一项。如ubuntu 18.04就是bionic

更改Ubuntu 18.04 软件源为国内版

  1. sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup
  2. sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

更新为以下内容：

  1. deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
  2. deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
  3. deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
  4. deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
  5. deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  6. deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  7. deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
  8. deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
  9. deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
  10. deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

保存退出后执行：

  1. sudo apt-get update
  2. sudo apt-get upgrade
  3. sudo apt-get install apt-mirror

配置apt-mirror

修改/apt/mirror

  1. sudo mv /etc/apt/mirror.list /etc/apt/mirror.list.bak
  2. sudo vim /etc/apt/mirror.list
  4. ############# config ##################
  5. # 
  6. # set base_path    /var/spool/apt-mirror
  7. #
  8. # set mirror_path  $base_path/mirror
  9. # set skel_path    $base_path/skel
  10. # set var_path     $base_path/var
  11. # set cleanscript $var_path/clean.sh
  12. # set defaultarch  <running host architecture>
  13. # set postmirror_script $var_path/postmirror.sh
  14. # set run_postmirror 0
  15. set base_path /mnt/service/ubuntu
  17. set mirror_path $base_path/mirror
  18. set skel_path $base_path/skel
  19. set var_path $base_path/var
  20. set cleanscript $var_path/clean.sh
  21. set nthreads     20
  22. set _tilde 0
  23. #
  24. ############# end config ##############
  26. deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
  27. deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
  28. deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
  29. deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
  30. deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  32. deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
  33. deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
  34. deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
  35. deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
  36. deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  38. clean http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu

下载镜像

  1. #sudo apt-mirror   # 此步骤约占用240G硬盘空间，等待5-8小时即可同步完成
  2. #sudo sh /service/ubuntu/var/clean.sh   # 清除无用软件包

发布镜像源

  1. sudo apt-get update
  2. sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
  3. sudo apt-get install gnupg
  4. sudo apt-get install rng-tools
  5. rngd -r /dev/urandom
  6. cd /service/ubuntu/mirror/mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/
  9. gpg --gen-key  # 按提示设置用户名密码
  10. gpg -a --export username> username.pub  # Username 为上一步设置的用户名
  12. apt-ftparchive packages pool > pool/Packages
  13. cd pool
  14. gzip -c Packages > Packages.gz
  15. apt-ftparchive release ./ > Release
  16. gpg --clearsign -o InRelease Release  # 根据提示输入密码
  17. gpg -abs -o Release.gpg Release

开启apache服务

  1. sudo apt-get install apache2
  2. cd /etc/apach2
  3. vim apache2.conf
  6. 修改
  7. <Directory />
  8.        Options FollowSymLinks
  9.        AllowOverride None
  10.        Require all denied
  11. </Directory>
  12. 改为
  13. <Directory />
  14.     Options FollowSymLinks
  15.     AllowOverride None
  16.     Order deny,allow
  17.     allow from all
  18. </Directory>
  19. 添加
  20. <IfModule alias_module>
  21.     Alias /ubuntu /workspace/ubuntu/mirror/mirrors.163.com/ubuntu
  22. </IfModule>
  23. <Directory "/workspace/ubuntu/mirror/mirrors.163.com/ubuntu">
  24.       Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
  25.       AllowOverride None
  26.         Require all granted
  27. </Directory>
  28. 保存退出
  29. # /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

客户端使用

  1. 加载gpg密钥
  2. apt-key add username.pub
  3. vim /etc/apt/source.list  
  5. # 删掉所有内容，添加以下内容：
  6. deb https://10.0.60.101/pool /
  8. 10.0.60.101为搭建本地镜像源的服务器ip
  9. 保存退出
  10. sudo apt-get update
  11. sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

FAQ

open ssh 安装失败

  1. baiy@baiy-ThinkPad-E470c:~$ sudo apt-get install  openssh-server 
  2. 下列软件包有未满足的依赖关系：
  3.  openssh-server : 依赖: openssh-client (= 1:6.6p1-2ubuntu2.13)
  4.                   推荐: ssh-import-id 但是它将不会被安装
  5. E: 无法修正错误，因为您要求某些软件包保持现状，就是它们破坏了软件包间的依赖关系。
  6. sudo apt-get install openssh-client=1:6.6p1-2ubuntu1

VIM依赖崩溃

  1. vim : 依赖: vim-common (= 2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2) 但是 2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2.1 正要被安装
  3. sudo apt-get purge vim-common 
  4. sudo apt-get update 
  5. sudo apt-get upgrade 
  6. sudo apt-get install vim

a start job is running for wait for network……？

a start job is running for wait for network to be configured
执行：
sudo systemctl mask systemd-networkd-wait-online.service