NTD TCNE DAY03

NTD TCNE DAY03

1 案例1：配置OSPF单域

1.1 问题

如图，配置设备 IP 地址
配置 OSPF 协议，所有网段属于区域 0
验证各路由器的邻接表
验证各路由器的 OSPF 路由
确保 PC-1 和 PC-2 可以互通
1.2 方案
搭建实验环境，如图-1所示。

图-1
1.3 步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
1）配置终端设备 - PC1
PC1：
地址：192.168.1.1
掩码：255.255.255.0
网关：192.168.1.254

2）配置终端设备 - PC2
PC2：
地址：192.168.2.1
掩码：255.255.255.0
网关：192.168.2.254

3）配置网络设备 - R1
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R1

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[R1-GigabitEthernet 0/0/2] ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
[R1-GigabitEthernet 0/0/2] quit

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet 0/0/0] ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0
[R1-GigabitEthernet 0/0/0] quit

4）配置网络设备 - R2
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R2

[R2]interface gi0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet 0/0/0] ip address 192.168.23.2 255.255.255.0
[R2-GigabitEthernet 0/0/0] quit

[R2]interface gi0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet 0/0/1] ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0
[R2-GigabitEthernet 0/0/1] quit

5）配置网络设备 - R3
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R3

[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[R3-GigabitEthernet 0/0/2] ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0
[R3-GigabitEthernet 0/0/2] quit

[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet 0/0/1] ip address 192.168.23.3 255.255.255.0
[R3-GigabitEthernet 0/0/1] quit

6）配置 OSPF 区域 0
[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1 //启用OSPF进程1，配置router-id 为 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]area 0 //进入 OSPF 区域 0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit

[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2 //启用OSPF进程1，配置router-id 为 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]area 0 //进入 OSPF 区域 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit

[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3 //启用OSPF进程1，配置router-id 为 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]area 0 //进入 OSPF 区域 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit

7）验证 OSPF 邻接表
[R1]display ospf peer brief //查看 R1 的 OSPF 邻接表
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1
Peer Statistic Information
——————————————————————————————————————
Area Id Interface Neighbor id State
0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 2.2.2.2 Full
——————————————————————————————————————

[R2]display ospf peer brief //查看 R2 的 OSPF 邻接表
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 2.2.2.2
Peer Statistic Information
——————————————————————————————————————
Area Id Interface Neighbor id State
0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 1.1.1.1 Full
0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 3.3.3.3 Full
——————————————————————————————————————

[R3]display ospf peer brief //查看 R3 的 OSPF 邻接表
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 3.3.3.3
Peer Statistic Information
——————————————————————————————————————
Area Id Interface Neighbor id State
0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 2.2.2.2 Full
——————————————————————————————————————

8）验证 OSPF 路由表
[R1]display ip routing-table protocol ospf //查看R1的 OSPF 路由表
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
———————————————————————————————————————
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
192.168.2.0/24 OSPF 10 3 D 192.168.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
192.168.23.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 192.168.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

[R2]display ip routing-table protocol ospf //查看R2的 OSPF 路由表
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
———————————————————————————————————————
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
192.168.1.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 192.168.12.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
192.168.2.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 192.168.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

[R3]display ip routing-table protocol ospf //查看R3的 OSPF 路由表
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
———————————————————————————————————————
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
192.168.1.0/24 OSPF 10 3 D 192.168.23.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
192.168.12.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 192.168.23.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1

9）测试 PC1 与 PC2 之间的连通性
PC1>ping 192.168.2.1 //在 PC1 上 ping PC2，可以互通
Ping 192.168.2.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=125 time=31 ms
From 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=125 time=31 ms
From 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=125 time=16 ms
From 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=125 time=16 ms
From 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=125 time=31 ms
—- 192.168.2.1 ping statistics —-
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 16/25/31 ms

PC2>ping 192.168.1.1 //在 PC2 上 ping PC1，可以互通
Ping 192.168.1.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=125 time=16 ms
From 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=125 time=31 ms
From 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=125 time=31 ms
From 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=125 time=32 ms
From 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=125 time=31 ms
—- 192.168.1.1 ping statistics —-
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 16/28/32 ms

2 案例2：OSPF 参数调整

2.1 问题

按需求完成OSPF进程号的修改
按需求完成 OSPF DR 相关参数配置
按需求配置 OSPF 路由条目属性
按需求完成 OSPF 计时器调整
2.2 方案
搭建实验环境，如图-2所示。

图-2
2.3 步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
1）配置终端设备 - PC1
PC1：
地址：192.168.1.1
掩码：255.255.255.0
网关：192.168.1.254

2）配置终端设备 - PC2
PC2：
地址：192.168.2.1
掩码：255.255.255.0
网关：192.168.2.254

3）配置网络设备 - R1
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[R1-GigabitEthernet 0/0/2] ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
[R1-GigabitEthernet 0/0/2] quit
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet 0/0/0] ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0
[R1-GigabitEthernet 0/0/0] quit

4）配置网络设备 - R2
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]interface gi0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet 0/0/0] ip address 192.168.23.2 255.255.255.0
[R2-GigabitEthernet 0/0/0] quit
[R2]interface gi0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet 0/0/1] ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0
[R2-GigabitEthernet 0/0/1] quit

5）配置网络设备 - R3
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R3
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[R3-GigabitEthernet 0/0/2] ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0
[R3-GigabitEthernet 0/0/2] quit
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet 0/0/1] ip address 192.168.23.3 255.255.255.0
[R3-GigabitEthernet 0/0/1] quit

6）配置 OSPF 区域 0
[R1]ospf 10 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-10]area 0
[R1-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]quit
[R2]ospf 20 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-20]area 0
[R2-ospf-20-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-20-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-20-area-0.0.0.0]quit
[R3]ospf 30 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-30]area 0
[R3-ospf-30-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-30-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-30-area-0.0.0.0]quit

7）验证 OSPF 邻接表
[R1]display ospf peer brief
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1
Peer Statistic Information
——————————————————————————————————————
Area Id Interface Neighbor id State
0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 2.2.2.2 Full
——————————————————————————————————————
[R2]display ospf peer brief
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 2.2.2.2
Peer Statistic Information
——————————————————————————————————————
Area Id Interface Neighbor id State
0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 1.1.1.1 Full
0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 3.3.3.3 Full
——————————————————————————————————————
[R3]display ospf peer brief
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 3.3.3.3
Peer Statistic Information
——————————————————————————————————————
Area Id Interface Neighbor id State
0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 2.2.2.2 Full
——————————————————————————————————————

8）调整 R1和R2之间的OSPF DR
[R1] interface gi0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] ospf network-type p2p //修改OSPF网络类型为P2P
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] quit
[R2] interface gi0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] ospf network-type p2p //修改OSPF网络类型为P2P
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] quit

9）调整 R2 和 R3 之间的 OSPF DR
[R2] interface gi0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] ospf dr-priority 0 //修改OSPF的DR优先级为 0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] quit

10）调整 PC-2 网段中的 DR
[R3] interface gi0/0/2
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] ospf dr-priority 0 //修改OSPF的DR优先级为 0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] quit

11）确保 R1 上，192.168.2.0/24的 cost 为 37
[R1] interface gi0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] ospf cost 35 //修改接口的 OSPF 开销为 35

12）确保 R3 上，192.168.1.0/24的 cost 为 24
[R3] interface gi0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] ospf cost 22 //修改接口的 OSPF 开销为 22

13）确保 R1和R2之间的 hello 时间为5s
[R1] interface gi0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] ospf timer hello 5 //修改OSPF hello 计时器为5s
[R2] interface gi0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] ospf timer hello 5 //修改OSPF hello 计时器为5s

14）确保 R2和R3之间的 dead 时间为 28s
[R2] interface gi0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] ospf timer dead 28 //修改OSPF dead 计时器为28s
[R3] interface gi0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] ospf timer dead 28 //修改OSPF dead 计时器为28s

3 案例3：OSPF多区域的配置

3.1 问题

如图配置IP地址，设置OSPF区域
确保R1和R2之间不选举DR
R5为区域56的DR，为区域0的BDR
验证R2和R5的角色为 ABR
确保PC-1和 PC-2可以互通
3.2 方案
搭建实验环境，如图-3所示。

图-3
3.3 步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
1）配置IP地址，设置OSPF区域
undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R1 //配置设备名称

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.12.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1 //启用OSPF协议，配置router-id 为1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]area 12
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]quit

undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R2 //配置设备名称

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.12.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.23.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2 //启用OSPF协议，配置router-id 为2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]area 12
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]quit
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit

undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R3 //配置设备名称

[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.23.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.34.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3 //启用OSPF协议，配置router-id 为3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit

undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R4 //配置设备名称

[R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.34.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.45.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[R4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4 //启用OSPF协议，配置router-id 为4.4.4.4
[R4-ospf-1]area 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.45.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit

undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R5 //配置设备名称

[R5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.45.5 24
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[R5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.56.5 24
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5 //启用OSPF协议，配置router-id 为5.5.5.5
[R5-ospf-1]area 56
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]network 192.168.56.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]quit
[R5-ospf-1]area 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.45.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit

undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R6 //配置设备名称

[R6]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.56.6 24
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6 //启用OSPF协议，配置router-id 为6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]area 56
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]network 192.168.56.0 0.0.0.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]quit

2）设置R1和R2之间不选举DR配置
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf network-type p2p //修改OSPF网络类型为P2P
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf network-type p2p //修改OSPF网络类型为P2P
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

3）配置R5 为区域 56 的 DR
[R6]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] ospf dr-priority 0 //修改 OSPF DR 优先级为 0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

4）配置 R5 为区域 0 的 BDR
[R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 10 //修改 OSPF DR 优先级为 10
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

5）验证R2和R5是 ABR 的角色
[R2]display ospf brief //查看 OSPF 基本配置信息，确定设备角色为 ABR
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 2.2.2.2
OSPF Protocol Information
RouterID: 2.2.2.2 Border Router: AREA //R2 为 ABR
Multi-VPN-Instance is not enabled
Global DS-TE Mode: Non-Standard IETF Mode
（……）

[R5]display ospf brief //查看 OSPF 基本配置信息，确定设备角色为 ABR
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 5.5.5.5
OSPF Protocol Information
RouterID: 5.5.5.5 Border Router: AREA //R2 为 ABR
Multi-VPN-Instance is not enabled
Global DS-TE Mode: Non-Standard IETF Mode
（……）

6）确保PC1和 PC2互通
PC1>ping 192.168.2.1 //在 PC1 Ping PC2 ，可以互通
Ping 192.168.2.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=125 time=31 ms
From 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=125 time=31 ms
From 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=125 time=16 ms
From 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=125 time=16 ms
From 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=125 time=31 ms
—- 192.168.2.1 ping statistics —-
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 16/25/31 ms

PC2>ping 192.168.1.1 //在 PC2 Ping PC1 ，可以互通
Ping 192.168.1.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=125 time=16 ms
From 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=125 time=31 ms
From 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=125 time=31 ms
From 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=125 time=32 ms
From 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=125 time=31 ms
—- 192.168.1.1 ping statistics —-
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 16/28/32 ms

TCNE DAY03

NTD TCNE DAY03

1 案例1：配置OSPF单域

1.1 问题

1.2 方案

1.3 步骤

2 案例2：OSPF 参数调整

2.1 问题

2.2 方案

2.3 步骤

3 案例3：OSPF多区域的配置

3.1 问题

3.2 方案

3.3 步骤