Test1 Section B

We Americans are wasteful people, not used to saving. The frontiersmen began this pattern: for nature’s resources are so plentiful that no one ever imagined a shortage. Within a few years of the first Virginia settlement, for example, Pioneers burned down their houses when they were ready to move west. They wanted to have the nails for future use. No one ever gave a thought to the priceless hardwoods that went up in smoke. As a people we destroy many things that other people save. I noticed this when I was living in England. I received a letter from one of England’s largest banks. It was enclosed in a used envelope that had been readdressed to me. Such a practice would be unthinkable in the United States. American banks, even the smallest, always use expensive stationary with the names of 28 vice-presidents listed on one side of the page.
10. According to the speaker, why are Americans wasteful
11. Why did pioneers burn down their houses when they were ready to move west?
12. What makes the speaker feel unthinkable?

译文：
我们美国人是浪费的人，不习惯于节约。拓荒者开始了这种模式：因为大自然的资源非常丰富，没有人想到会出现短缺。例如，在弗吉尼亚州第一个定居点的几年内，先锋们在准备向西迁移时烧毁了他们的房子。他们想拥有这些钉子供将来使用。没有人考虑过那些在烟雾中消失的无价硬木。作为一个民族，我们破坏了许多别人保存的东西。我在英国生活时注意到这一点。我收到一封来自英国最大银行之一的信。它被装在一个用过的信封里，被重新邮寄给我。这种做法在美国是不可想象的。美国的银行，即使是最小的银行，也总是使用昂贵的信纸，其中一页上列有28位副行长的名字。
10. 根据发言人的说法，美国人为什么会浪费？
11. 为什么拓荒者在准备向西迁移时要烧掉他们的房子？
12. 是什么让演讲者感到不可想象？

Friends play an important part in our’lives, and although we may take the friendship for granted, we often don’t understand clearly how we make friends. While we get on well with a number of people, we are usually friends with only a very few- -for example, the average among students is about 6 per person. In all the cases of friendly relationships, two people like one another and enjoy being together, but beyond that the degree of intimacy between them and the reason for their shared interest may vary enormously. As we get to know people we take into account things like age, race, economic conditions, social positions and inelligence. Although these factors are of prime importance, it is more difcult to get on with people when there is a marked difference in age and background. Some friendly relationships can be kept on argument and discussion, but it is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs, to have attitudes and interests in common- -they often talk about “being on the same wavelength”. It generally takes time to reach this point. And the more intimately involved people become, the more they rely on each other. People want to do friends favors and hate to break a promise. Equllly, friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and to tolerate differences of opinion.
In contrast with marriage, supporting and understanding result from shared experiences and emotions. Love can overcome difference in background, and break down barriers of age, class or race.
13. Which of the statements is true according to the passage?
14. What does the phrase “being on the same wavelength” mean?
15. What makes married people understand and support each other?

译文：
朋友在我们的生活中扮演着重要的角色，尽管我们可能认为友谊是理所当然的，但我们往往不清楚我们是如何交朋友的。虽然我们与一些人相处得很好，但我们通常只与极少数人成为朋友—例如，学生中的平均数是每人约6个。在所有友好关系的情况下，两个人都喜欢对方，并喜欢在一起，但除此之外，他们之间的亲密程度以及他们共同兴趣的原因可能有很大的不同。当我们了解人们时，我们会考虑到诸如年龄、种族、经济条件、社会地位和智力等因素。尽管这些因素是最重要的，但当年龄和背景有明显差异时，与人相处就更难了。一些友好关系可以通过争论和讨论来保持，但亲密的朋友通常会有类似的想法和信仰，有共同的态度和兴趣—他们经常谈论 “在同一个波长上”。达到这一点一般需要时间。而且，人们越是亲密接触，就越是相互依赖。人们想帮朋友的忙，讨厌违背承诺。因此，朋友必须学会忍受恼人的习惯和容忍意见分歧。
与婚姻相比，支持和理解来自共同的经历和情感。爱可以克服背景的差异，并打破年龄、阶级或种族的障碍。
13. 根据这段话，哪个说法是真的？
14. 14. “在同一个波长上 “这个短语是什么意思？
15. 是什么让已婚人士相互理解和支持？

Test1 Section C

Marriage, as a custom, goes back to the very earliest history of man. It has passed three stages. The first was marriage by capture. Primitive man simply stole the woman he wanted for his wife. Then came marriage by contract or purchase: a bride was bought by a man. Finally came the marriage based on mutual love. But even today we still have traces of the first two stages. “Giving the bride away” is a relic of the time when the bride was really sold. Today, the “Best man” at weddings probably goes back to the strong armed warrior who helped primitive man cary off his captured bride. The honey moon symbolizes the period during which the bridegroom was forced to hide his captured bride until her kinsmen grew tired of searching for her! Today we have“weddings” without realizing that this very word goes back to one of the early stages of marriage. Among the Anglo-Saxons, the“wed” was the money, horses, or cattle which the groom gave as security and as a pledge to prove his purchase of the bride from her father. Of course when it comes to wedding customs, most of them can be traced back to ancient meanings which have long been forgotten. For example, the “something blue” which brides wear is borrowed from ancient Israel. In those times brides were told to wear a ribbon of blue on the borders of their garments, because blue was the color of purity, love and fidelity. When we ask:“Who gives this woman to this man?” We are going back to the times when a bride was actually purchased. It is believed that the custom of having bridesmaids goes back to Roman times when there had to be ten witnesses at the solemn marriage ceremony.

婚姻，作为一种习俗，可以追溯到人类最早的历史。它经历了三个阶段。第一个阶段是俘虏式婚姻。原始人只是偷了他想要的女人做妻子。然后是通过合同或购买的婚姻：一个男人买下一个新娘。最后是基于互爱的婚姻。但即使在今天，我们仍然有前两个阶段的痕迹。”赠送新娘 “是新娘真正被卖掉时的遗留物。今天，婚礼上的 “伴郎 “可能要追溯到帮助原始人把抓来的新娘带走的强壮的战士。蜜月象征着新郎被迫将被俘的新娘藏起来，直到她的亲戚们厌倦了寻找她的过程。今天我们有了 “婚礼”，却没有意识到这个词可以追溯到婚姻的早期阶段之一。在盎格鲁-撒克逊人中，”婚礼 “是新郎提供的金钱、马匹或牛，作为担保和保证，以证明他从新娘的父亲那里购买了新娘。当然，说到婚礼习俗，大多数都可以追溯到早已被遗忘的古老含义。例如，新娘所穿的 “蓝色的东西 “是从古代以色列借来的。在那个时代，新娘被告知要在衣服的边上戴一条蓝色的带子，因为蓝色是纯洁、爱和忠诚的颜色。当我们问：”谁把这个女人交给这个男人？” 我们就回到了真正购买新娘的时代。据认为，有伴娘的习俗可以追溯到罗马时代，当时在庄严的结婚仪式上必须有十个证人。

Test2 Section B

In some lands, certain kinds of insurance are compulsory. In others, most kinds are practically unknown. In addition, the cost of insurance and the type of coverage provided vary widely from country to country. But the fundamental principle of insurance- sharing risk- remains the same.
Naturally, the more property a person owns, the more he has to lose. Similarly, the more family responsibility a person has, the greater the impact if he or she dies or becomes physically disabled. Having insurance can reduce one’s concern about the possibility of suffering a loss of property or a disabling accident.
Yet, is it wise to spend money on insurance even though a claim may never be made? Is keeping a spare tire in the car a wasted investment, even if the tire is never needed? The sense of security to the car driver may make the expense of the extra tire worthwhile. While financial compensation cannot make up for certain losses, it may compensate for other losses.
Much of the insurance purchased by individuals falls into the categories of property, health, disability, and life insurance，
Property insurance is to insure against the loss of property-home, business, cars, or other possessions. It is among the most common forms of risk management. Heath insurance pays some medical expenses or may pay for only certain medical care. In many places workers may receive health insurance as a condition of their employment.
Disability insurance provides some income if a person is injured and cannot work. Life insurance provides financial assistance to a person’s dependents in case of his or her death. Such insurance has enabled many families to pay off outstanding debts and carry on their routine of life after the injury or the death of their main breadwinner.
10. What is the universally fundamental principle of insurance?
11. Why does the speaker mention the spare tire?
12. What categories of insurance have been mentioned in this talk?

在一些国家，某些种类的保险是强制性的。在其他国家，大多数种类的保险实际上是未知的。此外，保险的费用和提供的保险类型在各国之间有很大的不同。但保险的基本原则—分担风险—仍然是相同的。
自然，一个人拥有的财产越多，他的损失就越大。同样，一个人的家庭责任越大，如果他或她死亡或身体残疾，影响就越大。拥有保险可以减少一个人对遭受财产损失或致残事故的可能性的担忧。
然而，即使可能永远不会有索赔，但花钱买保险是明智的吗？在汽车上保留一个备胎是一种浪费的投资，即使永远不需要这个轮胎？对汽车司机来说，安全感可能使额外轮胎的花费物有所值。虽然经济赔偿不能弥补某些损失，但它可以补偿其他损失。
个人购买的大部分保险都属于财产保险、健康保险、残疾保险和人寿保险的范畴。
财产保险是针对财产损失的保险—家庭、企业、汽车或其他财产。这是最常见的风险管理形式之一。健康保险支付一些医疗费用，或者只支付某些医疗护理费用。在许多地方，工人可以接受健康保险作为他们工作的一个条件。
残疾保险在一个人受伤而不能工作时提供一些收入。人寿保险在一个人死亡的情况下为其家属提供经济援助。这类保险使许多家庭在主要养家糊口的人受伤或死亡后，能够偿还未偿还的债务并继续他们的日常生活。
10. 保险的普遍基本原则是什么？
11. 发言人为什么要提到备胎？
12. 这次谈话中提到了哪些类别的保险？

Thembeka is a 12-year-old girl who lives in a rural vllage of southern Africa. Her parents died of AIDS, and she was left to care for her three lttle sisters aged ten, six, and four. The girls have no income and rely totally on neighbors’ kindness a loaf of bread or a few potatoes. A picture of the four orphaned girls was displayed on the front page of a South African newspaper that reported on the 13th International AIDS Conference, held during July 2000 in Durban, South Africa.
Millions of AIDS orphans face a situation similar to that of Thembeka and her younger sisters. The conference discussed methods of dealing with the growing AIDS crisis, such as education on the prevention of AIDS through the use of condoms; the use of a less expensive AIDS treatment, which is now available; and more funding for the development of AIDS vaccines.
Statistics released at the conference were frightening. Every day an estimated 7,000 young people and 1,000 infants are infected with HIV In one year, 1999, some 860,000 children in sub-Saharan Africa couldn’t go to school as they had lost their teachers because of AIDS.
According to a survey published by the Medical Research Council of South Africa, 4.2 million people in South Africa are infected with HIV, representing 1 out of every 10 citizens. The situation in ncighboring countries is worse. It was also reported on an estimate given by the U.S. Census Bureau: “The populations of some AIDS-stricken African countries wll soon begin to fall as millions die of the disease, and life expectancy by the end of this decade will plunge to less than 30.”
13. How do Thembeka and her sisters live?
14. Why couldn’t the 860.000 sub-Saharan children go to school in 19992
15. According to the survey, what percent of the population in South Africa have been infected with HIV?

Thembeka是一个12岁的女孩，生活在南部非洲的一个农村。她的父母死于艾滋病，她要照顾三个分别为10岁、6岁和4岁的小妹妹。这些女孩没有收入，完全依靠邻居们的好意，一个面包或几个土豆。南非一家报纸的头版刊登了这四个孤儿的照片，报道了2000年7月在南非德班举行的第13届国际艾滋病大会。
数以百万计的艾滋病孤儿面临着与Thembeka和她的妹妹们类似的情况。会议讨论了应对日益严重的艾滋病危机的方法，如通过使用避孕套进行预防艾滋病的教育；使用现在已经有的价格较低的艾滋病治疗方法；以及为开发艾滋病疫苗提供更多资金。
会议上公布的统计数字是令人恐惧的。每天估计有7,000名年轻人和1,000名婴儿感染了艾滋病毒。在1999年这一年，撒哈拉以南的非洲地区有大约86万名儿童无法上学，因为他们因为艾滋病而失去了老师。
根据南非医学研究委员会公布的一项调查，南非有420万人感染了艾滋病毒，相当于每10个公民中就有一个。邻国的情况更糟。还报道了美国人口普查局给出的一个估计。”随着数百万人死于这种疾病，一些受艾滋病困扰的非洲国家的人口将很快开始下降，到本十年末，预期寿命将骤降到30岁以下。”
13. 特姆贝卡和她的姐妹们是如何生活的？
14. 1999年，860,000名撒哈拉以南的儿童为什么不能上学2
15. 根据调查，南非有百分之多少的人口感染了艾滋病毒？

Test2 Section C

We might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the method of testing a person’s knowledge and ability remains as primitive as ever it was. For most people, a test means that the candidates or examiners are stting in a room with a pen in their hands and are supposed to finish the questions on the test paper within a limited time.
Examinations are used for various purposes. A teacher may use it to measure how much progress hisher students have achieved after a period of instruction and, in turn, the results or data or examinations reveal what knowledge and ability the students are lacking. In addition, we have entrance examinations, placement tests, proficiency tests and so on.
Outside school, examinations are used for the purpose of selection and promotion. Therefore, examinations are of great importance in modern society.
However, people have noted that examinations have a negative effect on education. On one hand, the tests thenselves are questionable; the results of tests lack validity and reliability On the other hand, both teachers and students are working for high marks instead of learning. As a result, we have high marks but incompetent students. Examples have shown that some Asian students with very high TOEFL marks turn out to be poor in their communication skills in the United States.
With the development of science, examinations which can objectively and comprehensively measure a person’s knowledge and ability will be constructed. They will contribute more to education if they are rightly understood and appropriately used.

我们可能会惊叹于每个研究领域取得的进步，但测试一个人的知识和能力的方法仍然像以前一样原始。对大多数人来说，考试意味着考生或考官坐在一个房间里，手里拿着一支笔，要在有限的时间内完成试卷上的问题。
考试有多种用途。老师可以用它来衡量他的学生在经过一段时间的教学后取得了多大的进步，反过来说，结果或数据或考试显示了学生缺乏哪些知识和能力。此外，我们还有入学考试、分级考试、能力测试等等。
在校外，考试被用于选拔和晋升的目的。因此，考试在现代社会中具有重要意义。
然而，人们注意到，考试对教育有负面的影响。一方面，考试本身是有问题的；考试的结果缺乏有效性和可靠性；另一方面，教师和学生都在为高分而努力，而不是学习。结果是，我们有高分但无能的学生。实例表明，一些托福分数很高的亚洲学生，到了美国却发现他们的沟通能力很差。
随着科学的发展，能够客观、全面地衡量一个人的知识和能力的考试将被构建出来。如果能正确地理解和适当地使用这些考试，它们将对教育做出更大的贡献。
通过www.DeepL.com/Translator（免费版）翻译

Test3 Section B

Safe drinking water has always been rare and valuable. Throughout the world, drinking water has to be stored during periods of low rainfall. Tanks or other containers for water storage must be ready long before a dry season begins.
For hundreds of years, different kinds of materials have been used to build water storage containers. In many areas of the world, small lakes or reservoirs formed by dirt walls provide drinking water for vllagers during the long dry season.
Bricks and concrete with steel rods are among the modern materials used today to build storage containers for water. A solid rock can be used as the bottom of a water tank. However, a mixture of rock and soil should not be used. The soil will settle down, but the rock will not. The water will leak out.
Wood also can be used for water storage structures. Pine and redwood are some of the kinds of trees that have been used. Wooden tanks do not require special care, although their average lifetime is shorter than that of tanks made with concrete or steel. Any chemicals used to keep the wood from being ruined must not be poisonous substances.
Water storage tanks should be covered to keep clean. If they are uncovered, small water plants can grow in large amounts near the surface. They may help bacteria continue to grow, even if chemicals such as chlorine are added to the
water to kill the bacteria. Uncovered water can also be polluted by birds, animals or humans.
10. What is the topic of this passage?
11. According to the talk, what are the modern materials for building water storage tanks?
12. According to the talk, which of the following statements is true?

安全的饮用水一直是稀有和宝贵的。在世界各地，饮用水必须在降雨量少的时期储存起来。水箱或其他储水容器必须在旱季开始之前早就准备好。
数百年来，不同种类的材料被用来建造储水容器。在世界许多地区，由土墙形成的小湖或水库在漫长的旱季为村民提供饮用水。
砖头和带有钢棒的混凝土是今天用于建造储水容器的现代材料之一。一块坚固的岩石可以作为水箱的底部。但是，不应该使用岩石和土壤的混合物。土壤会沉淀下来，但岩石不会。水会漏出来。
木材也可用于储水结构。松树和红木是一些已经使用的树木。木制水箱不需要特别照顾，尽管其平均寿命比混凝土或钢制水箱要短。任何用于保持木材不被破坏的化学品都不能是有毒物质。
储水箱应该被覆盖以保持清洁。如果不加盖，小水草会在表面附近大量生长。它们可能会帮助细菌继续生长，即使在水中加入氯气等化学品以杀死细菌。
即使在水中加入氯气等化学品来杀死细菌。无盖的水也可能被鸟类、动物或人类所污染。
10. 这段话的主题是什么？
11. 根据谈话内容，建造储水箱的现代材料有哪些？
12. 根据该谈话，以下哪项陈述是正确的？

Extremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world. Although hot weather just makes most people hot, it can cause medical problems- and death. Floods, storms and other terrible natural events kill thousands of people every year. And, as expected, we hear much about them in news reports. We generally hear lttle, however, about what experts say may be nature’s deadliest killer-heat.
Health experts say that since the year 1900, extremely hot weather has killed more people in the United States than any other natural event. One year-the unusually hot summer of 1980- -heat caused about one-thousand-seven-hundred
deaths in the United States. In 1995, more than six-hundred people died in a
similar heat wave in Chicago.
Experts say it is the total heat of a hot day or several hot days that can afct health. Several hot days are considered a heat wave. Experts say heat waves often become deadly when the nighttime temperature does not drop much from the highest daytime temperature. This causes intense stress on the human body.
Doctors say there are many things people can do to protect themselves from the dangers of extreme heat. They say to stay out of the sun, if possible. Drinking a large amount of water or other beverages, wearing loose clothes made of light- colored and natural materials can keep us from the danger caused by heat. And we should also learn the danger signs of the medical problems that are linked to heat.
KY
13. How many people were killed in the heat wave in Ghicago in 1995?
14. According to the experts, when do heat waves become deadly?
15. What should we do to protect ourselves from the dangers of extreme heat?

极热的天气在世界许多地方都很常见。虽然炎热的天气只是让大多数人感到热，但它可以导致医疗问题—和死亡。洪水、风暴和其他可怕的自然事件每年杀死成千上万的人。而且，正如预期的那样，我们在新闻报道中听到很多关于它们的消息。然而，我们通常很少听到专家说可能是大自然最致命的杀手—热。
健康专家说，自1900年以来，极热的天气在美国杀死的人比任何其他自然事件都多。有一年—1980年异常炎热的夏天—热气在美国造成约一千七百人死亡。
导致美国人死亡。1995年，在芝加哥发生的类似热浪中，有六百多人死亡。
芝加哥的类似热浪中死亡。
专家说，一个热天或几个热天的总热量会影响健康。几个炎热的日子被认为是一个热浪。专家说，当夜间温度没有从白天的最高温度下降多少时，热浪往往成为致命的。这将对人体造成强烈的压力。
医生说，人们可以做很多事情来保护自己免受极端高温的危害。他们说，如果可能的话，要远离阳光。喝大量的水或其他饮料，穿浅色和天然材料制成的宽松衣服，可以使我们远离高温带来的危险。我们还应该了解与热有关的医疗问题的危险信号。
医学
13. 在1995年芝加哥的热浪中，有多少人死亡？
14. 根据专家的说法，热浪什么时候会变成致命的？
15. 我们应该怎样做才能保护自己免受极端高温的危害？

Test4 Section C

The Italian island of Sardinia recently lost its oldest citizen. Family members say Antonio Todde died in his sleep early this month. He was three weeks away from his one-hundred-thirteenth birthday. Record-keeping experts say he was the world’s oldest man.
Mister Todde was born in a village on Sardinia in 1889. He cared for farm animals in the mountains almost all his life. Mister Todde often said that drinking a glass of red wine every day helped him live to an old age.
Professor Deiana and his team have collected some information for their research of long life on the Sardinia island. They have identified more than two hundred twenty Sardinians who were one-hundred years old or older.
The scientists required three documents to confirm a person’s age. They are a government birth record, a church record and a statement by a close family member.
The team has produced two major findings. The first is Sardinia’s extremely high number of people over one hundred years old. The island has about one hundred thirty-five of them for every one million people. In other western countries, the average is about seventy-fve for every one million people.
The second major finding was an unusual rate of females to males among people over one hundred years old. The ratio is two to one. And this is much higher than the rest of the world.

意大利撒丁岛最近失去了它最年长的公民。家庭成员 说安东尼奥-托德本月初在睡梦中去世。他离他的113岁生日还有三周时间 离他的一百三十岁生日还有三个星期。记录专家说他是 世界上最老的人。
托德先生于1889年出生在撒丁岛的一个村庄。他几乎一生都在山区照顾农场 他几乎一生都在照顾山上的动物。托德先生经常说，每天喝杯红酒 每天一杯红葡萄酒帮助他活到老。
迪亚纳教授和他的团队已经收集了一些资料，用于他们的 对撒丁岛长寿的研究。他们已经确定了超过200 二百二十个撒丁岛人，他们都是一百岁或以上的老人。
科学家们需要三个文件来确认一个人的年龄。它们是 政府的出生记录，教堂记录和一个近亲的声明。成员的声明。
该小组产生了两个主要发现。第一个发现是撒丁岛上一百岁以上的人极多。岛上约有1,000名老人，他们的年龄在100岁以上。该岛约有1 每一百万人中就有一百三十五人。在其他西方国家 在其他西方国家，平均每一百万人中有七十五人。
第二个主要发现是一百岁以上人口中女性对男性的比例不寻常。100岁以上的人中，女性对男性的比例不寻常。这个比例是二比一。而这 比世界其他地区高得多。

Test4 Section B

Issac Sterne was a great violin player. He was also one of the most honored musicians in the world and an international cultural ambassador. For more than 60 years Mr. Sterne performed excellent music. He performed in concerts around the world and on recordings. He played with major orchestras and in small groups.
Issac Sterne was born in 1920 in what is now Ukraine. His mother began teaching Issac the piano when he was six years old. He began taking violin lessons after hearing a friend play the instrument. During World War I Mr. Sterne played for thousands of American soldiers. It was the first time many of them had heard classical music.
After the war Issac Sterne became one of the busiest musicians of his day. He played more than one hundred concerts a year. He also became one of the most recorded musicians in history. In 1979 Issac Sterne visited China. He met with Chinese musicians and students. He taught them about classical Western music. His visit was made into a film. It’s called From Mab to Mozart- Issac Sterne in Cbina. It won an Academy Award for best documentary film.
Issac said he believed that music makes life better for everyone, especially children. He said music is an important parnt of cvilized life. He said people need music as much as they need bread.
10. Why did Isac Sterne begin learning to play the violin?
11. What did Issac Sterne do during World War I?
12. What did Isac Sterne think of music?

伊萨克-斯特恩是一位伟大的小提琴手。他也是世界上最受尊敬的音乐家之一和国际文化大使。60多年来，斯特恩先生演奏了出色的音乐。他在世界各地的音乐会上演出，并录制了唱片。他与主要的管弦乐队和小团体一起演奏。
伊萨克-斯特恩于1920年出生在现在的乌克兰。他的母亲在伊萨克6岁的时候开始教他钢琴。在听到一个朋友演奏小提琴后，他开始学习小提琴。第一次世界大战期间，斯特恩先生为成千上万的美国士兵演奏。那是他们中的许多人第一次听到古典音乐。
战后，伊萨克-斯特恩成为他那个时代最繁忙的音乐家之一。他每年举办一百多场音乐会。他也成为历史上录制最多的音乐家之一。1979年，伊萨克-斯特恩访问中国。他会见了中国的音乐家和学生。他向他们传授西方古典音乐的知识。他的访问被拍成了一部电影。它被称为《从马布到莫扎特—伊萨克-斯特恩在中国》。它赢得了奥斯卡最佳记录片奖。
伊萨克说，他相信音乐使每个人的生活更美好，特别是儿童。他说，音乐是文明生活的一个重要组成部分。他说，人们需要音乐就像需要面包一样。
10. 为什么伊萨克-斯特恩开始学习拉小提琴？
11. 伊萨克-斯特恩在第一次世界大战期间做了什么？
12. 伊萨克-斯特恩对音乐有何看法？

w: According to your study. where do most older people live? Do they live in the industrialized world?
M: Actually,y over 60% of the world’s 580 million older people live in developing countries and an increasing number of people in these lands are reaching old age as a result of better health care and improvements in sanitation, housing and nutrition. Older people make substantial contributions by doing work for which they are not paid. For instance, an estimated 2 million children in the United States are being cared for by their grandparents with 1.2 millin of them living in their grandparents’ home. Thus, older people provide shelter, food and education and convey cultural values to their grandchildren while enabling mothers and fathers to continue as members of the work force. Likewise, in the industrialized world many volunteer organizations would not function withou the contribution made by older pcople. They re almost much needed care-givers.
w: Why do older people leave the work force? Is it because they can no longer perform their jobs well?
M: They more than leave the work force because of disadvantages in education or training or because of prejudice against the elderly rather than old age in itself.
W: Some people think older people don’t want to work themselves. Is it true?
M: Older people are often excluded from paying jobs despite their wllingness and ability to continue working, especially during periods of unemployment. It is often argued that older ones should leave paid employment to free their places for younger job seekers. However, the early withdrawal of older workers from the labor force does not nessarily translate into jobs for the young. A younger unemployed job seeker may not have the skills needed to take the place of an older worker.
13. According to the interview, where do most older people live?
14. What is mentioned as contrbutions to the sociey made by older people?
15. Which is one of the reasons that older people leave the work force?

w: 根据你的研究，大多数老年人生活在哪里？他们是否生活在工业化国家？
实际上，世界上5.8亿老年人中有60%以上生活在发展中国家，由于更好的医疗保健以及卫生、住房和营养方面的改善，这些地方越来越多的人进入了老年。老年人通过从事没有报酬的工作做出了巨大贡献。例如，在美国估计有200万儿童由他们的祖父母照顾，其中120万儿童生活在他们的祖父母家中。因此，老年人提供住所、食物和教育，并向他们的孙子孙女传达文化价值观，同时使母亲和父亲能够继续作为劳动力的一员。同样，在工业化的世界里，如果没有老年人的贡献，许多志愿者组织将无法运作。他们几乎是急需的护理人员。
w: 为什么老年人会离开劳动力市场？是不是因为他们不再能很好地完成工作？
男：他们离开工作岗位更多的是由于教育或培训方面的劣势，或者由于对老年人的偏见，而不是因为年龄本身。
W：有些人认为老年人自己不愿意工作。这是真的吗？
M: 尽管老年人愿意并有能力继续工作，但他们往往被排除在有偿工作之外，尤其是在失业期间。人们常常认为，老年人应该离开有偿工作，以便为年轻的求职者腾出位置。然而，老年工人提前退出劳动力市场并不一定会给年轻人带来就业机会。年轻的失业求职者可能不具备取代老工人的技能。
13. 根据采访，大多数老年人住在哪里？
14. 采访中提到老年人对社会的反驳是什么？
15. 哪个是老年人离开工作岗位的原因之一？

Test4 Section C

Sam Maloof is 85 years old. He is the best known designer and maker of hand-made furniture in America. He believes a successful chair or table contains something of the eye, the hand and the heart. He say,“I want to be able to work a piece of wood into an object that gives something beautiful and useful to everyday life.”
In the furniture of Sam Maloof, experts say the age-old ideas of woodworking survived into the 21st century. Sixty-five pieces of Sam Maloof’s furniture are shown at the American Art Museum. They are chairs, small beds for babies, desks and cabinets. Their designs are simple and timeless. They are made of beautiful rich-looking wood. Rocking chairs are Mr. Maloof’s most popular designs. They look like good art. They are smooth to touch, and they are even better to sit in. The chairs are cleverly designed to fit people’s bodies as they move back and forward on rounded bases. In 1986 People magazine called Sam Maloof King of Rockers. Many famous people around the world own these rocking chairs including three former American presidents.
Sam Maloof was borm in 1916 in Cheano, Califormia. He started making furniture in 1949. At the time he didn’t know if he could make enough money to support himself and his family. Now Mr. Maloof has become extremely successful. He has won more awards for design and woodworking skill than any other furniture maker. Today each piece of his fumiture sells for thousandes of dollars. Sam Maloof sill makes all his furmiure by hand, one piece at a timne. He says 4 let the wood speak for itself.”
Now you will hear the recording again

萨姆-马鲁夫已经85岁了。他是美国最著名的手工家具设计师和制造者。他认为一把成功的椅子或桌子包含了眼睛、手和心的东西。他说：”我希望能够把一块木头加工成一件物品，为日常生活提供一些美丽和有用的东西。”
在萨姆-马洛夫的家具中，专家们说，古老的木工思想一直延续到21世纪。在美国艺术博物馆展出了65件萨姆-马鲁夫的家具。它们是椅子、婴儿的小床、书桌和柜子。他们的设计是简单而永恒的。它们都是由漂亮的、看起来很丰富的木材制成的。摇椅是马鲁夫先生最受欢迎的设计。它们看起来像好的艺术。它们摸起来很光滑，坐起来更舒服。椅子的设计很巧妙，当它们在圆形的底座上前后移动时，能适合人们的身体。1986年，《人物》杂志称萨姆-马鲁夫为摇椅之王。世界上许多名人都拥有这种摇椅，包括三位美国前总统。
萨姆-马鲁夫1916年出生在加利福尼亚的切诺。他在1949年开始制作家具。当时他不知道自己是否能赚到足够的钱来养活自己和家人。现在，马鲁夫先生已经变得非常成功。他在设计和木工技术方面获得的奖项比任何其他家具制造商都多。今天，他的每件家具都能卖到数千美元。萨姆-马鲁夫仍然用手工制作他的所有毛皮，每次只做一件。他说：”让木材自己说话”。
现在你将再次听到这段录音

答案

Unit1-6

DCABD CBACC
CBCBB CBCBD
BDBBB ABDCC
CBBCD CACAB
BCBDD DCCCC
DBACC BDBDB

Test1-4

ACD CDB
CBD CBB
CBA DDC
CDA BDC

翻译

近年来，随着网络技术的发展，现代企业广泛采用远程、移动、协同、互联网接入等办公方式。电信业的合并和重组更使得各大电信运营企业在海量的网络信息和数据处理和交互过程中存在着诸多亟待解决的问题。郑州联通公司作为河南中部规模最大，集约化程度最高的电信运营公司，其本身在网络自动化办公安全方面存在诸多的问题，研究其办公自动化的网络安全具有很现实的意义，同时也具有典型的意义。
论文对郑州联通办公自动化网络进行安全评估, 对郑州联通办公自动化网络安全防护进行详细的需求分析, 研究外部、内部网络带来的办公自动化常见问题及后果, 进而对网络安全防护和数据安全等方面的理论、方法、技术、手段进行研究,给出解决公司办公自动化网络和数据安全的解决原则和策略, 并进行了具体实施。从实施情况看, 办公自动化网络安全防护策略达到了预期的目标。
关键词：办公自动化；网络安全；策略；防护

development 发展
method 方法
modern business 现代企业
technology 技术

in recent years，with the development of xxx【internet technology】，modern business executive widely x，moblie，co-、internet based office methods。