一种简单的方式掌握命令行

docker是典型的C/S架构，客户端使用命令行和Rest接口来操作服务端。
命令行格式为：
docker [options] command [arg...]
docker 可选的操作 命令 可选的参数

  • 查看docker所有命令，docker --help
  • 查看具体的某个命令，docker command --help

示例：

  1. ## 查看帮助命令
  2. docker --help
  4. ## 命令行格式
  5. Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND [arg...]
  6.        docker [ --help | -v | --version ]
  8. A self-sufficient runtime for containers.
  10. # 操作
  11. Options:
  13.   --config=~/.docker              客户端配置文件 Location of client config files
  14.   -D, --debug                     启用debug模式 Enable debug mode
  15.   -H, --host=[]                   服务端域名 Daemon socket(s) to connect to
  16.   -h, --help                      使用帮助 Print usage
  17.   -l, --log-level=info            设置日志级别 Set the logging level
  18.   --tls                           启用Transport Layer Security传输层安全性协议 Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
  19.   --tlscacert=~/.docker/ca.pem    Trust certs signed only by this CA
  20.   --tlscert=~/.docker/cert.pem    Path to TLS certificate file
  21.   --tlskey=~/.docker/key.pem      Path to TLS key file
  22.   --tlsverify                     Use TLS and verify the remote
  23.   -v, --version                   打印版本信息 Print version information and quit
  25. Commands:
  26.     attach    进入一个运行中的容器 Attach to a running container
  27.     build     由Dockerfile构建一个镜像 Build an image from a Dockerfile
  28.     commit    由容器的修改创建一个新的镜像，就是把当前所有操作保存为一个镜像  Create a new image from a container's changes
  29.     cp        在容器和本地文件系统之间拷贝文件/目录  Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
  30.     create    创建一个新的容器 Create a new container
  31.     diff      检查容器文件系统上的更改 Inspect changes on a container's filesystem
  32.     events    从server获取实时的事件 Get real time events from the server
  33.     exec      在一个运行中的容器上运行一条命令 Run a command in a running container
  34.     export    将容器的文件系统导出为tar存档 Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
  35.     history   展示镜像的历史 Show the history of an image
  36.     images    列出镜像 List images
  37.     import    从tarball导入内容以创建文件系统映像 Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
  38.     info      显示系统范围的信息 Display system-wide information
  39.     inspect   返回容器、图像或任务的低级信息 Return low-level information on a container, image or task
  40.     kill      杀死一个或多个运行中的容器 Kill one or more running containers
  41.     load      从tar存档或STDIN加载镜像 Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
  42.     login     登陆docker镜像仓库 Log in to a Docker registry.
  43.     logout    登出docker镜像仓库 Log out from a Docker registry.
  44.     logs      拉取容器的日志 Fetch the logs of a container
  45.     network   管理docker网络 Manage Docker networks
  46.     node      管理Docker Swarm节点 Manage Docker Swarm nodes
  47.     pause     暂停一个或多个容器中的所有进程 Pause all processes within one or more containers
  48.     port      列出容器的端口映射或特定映射 List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
  49.     ps        列出容器 List containers
  50.     pull      拉取一个镜像或仓库从注册仓库 Pull an image or a repository from a registry
  51.     push      推送一个镜像或仓库到注册仓库 Push an image or a repository to a registry
  52.     rename    重命名一个容器 Rename a container
  53.     restart   重启一个容器 Restart a container
  54.     rm        删除一个或多个容器 Remove one or more containers
  55.     rmi       删除一个或多个镜像 Remove one or more images
  56.     run       在一个新的容器一条运行命令  Run a command in a new container
  57.     save      保存一个或多个镜像作为一个tar类型的归档文件 Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
  58.     search    从镜像仓库搜索一个镜像  Search the Docker Hub for images
  59.     service   管理docker服务端 Manage Docker services
  60.     start     启动一个或多个停止的容器 Start one or more stopped containers
  61.     stats     显示容器资源使用统计信息的实时流 Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
  62.     stop      停止一个或多个运行中的容器 Stop one or more running containers
  63.     swarm     管理docker swarm  Manage Docker Swarm
  64.     tag       给一个仓库中的镜像打标签 Tag an image into a repository
  65.     top       显示容器中运行的进程 Display the running processes of a container
  66.     unpause   取消暂停一个或多个容器中的所有进程 Unpause all processes within one or more containers
  67.     update    给一个或多个容器 升级配置Update configuration of one or more containers
  68.     version   展示docker的版本信息 Show the Docker version information
  69.     volume    管理docker volumes   Manage Docker volumes
  70.     wait      阻止，直到容器停止，然后打印其退出代码 Block until a container stops, then print its exit code
  72. ## 查看具体某个命令的帮助文档
  73. Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
  75. # 示例
  77. docker run --help
  79. Usage:    docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
  81. Run a command in a new container
  83. Options:
  84.       --add-host value              Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip) (default [])
  85.   -a, --attach value                Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR (default [])
  86.       --blkio-weight value          Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000
  87.       --blkio-weight-device value   Block IO weight (relative device weight) (default [])
  88.       --cap-add value               Add Linux capabilities (default [])
  89.       --cap-drop value              Drop Linux capabilities (default [])
  90.       --cgroup-parent string        Optional parent cgroup for the container
  91.       --cidfile string              Write the container ID to the file
  92.       --cpu-percent int             CPU percent (Windows only)
  93.       --cpu-period int              Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
  94.       --cpu-quota int               Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
  95.   -c, --cpu-shares int              CPU shares (relative weight)
  96.       --cpuset-cpus string          CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
  97.       --cpuset-mems string          MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
  98.   -d, --detach                      Run container in background and print container ID
  99.       --detach-keys string          Override the key sequence for detaching a container
  100.       --device value                Add a host device to the container (default [])
  101.       --device-read-bps value       Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a device (default [])
  102.       --device-read-iops value      Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device (default [])
  103.       --device-write-bps value      Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a device (default [])
  104.       --device-write-iops value     Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device (default [])
  105.       --disable-content-trust       Skip image verification (default true)
  106.       --dns value                   Set custom DNS servers (default [])
  107.       --dns-opt value               Set DNS options (default [])
  108.       --dns-search value            Set custom DNS search domains (default [])
  109.       --entrypoint string           Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
  110.   -e, --env value                   Set environment variables (default [])
  111.       --env-file value              Read in a file of environment variables (default [])
  112.       --expose value                Expose a port or a range of ports (default [])
  113.       --group-add value             Add additional groups to join (default [])
  114.       --health-cmd string           Command to run to check health
  115.       --health-interval duration    Time between running the check
  116.       --health-retries int          Consecutive failures needed to report unhealthy
  117.       --health-timeout duration     Maximum time to allow one check to run
  118.       --help                        Print usage
  119.   -h, --hostname string             Container host name
  120.   -i, --interactive                 Keep STDIN open even if not attached
  121.       --io-maxbandwidth string      Maximum IO bandwidth limit for the system drive (Windows only)
  122.       --io-maxiops uint             Maximum IOps limit for the system drive (Windows only)
  123.       --ip string                   Container IPv4 address (e.g. 172.30.100.104)
  124.       --ip6 string                  Container IPv6 address (e.g. 2001:db8::33)
  125.       --ipc string                  IPC namespace to use
  126.       --isolation string            Container isolation technology
  127.       --kernel-memory string        Kernel memory limit
  128.   -l, --label value                 Set meta data on a container (default [])
  129.       --label-file value            Read in a line delimited file of labels (default [])
  130.       --link value                  Add link to another container (default [])
  131.       --link-local-ip value         Container IPv4/IPv6 link-local addresses (default [])
  132.       --log-driver string           Logging driver for the container
  133.       --log-opt value               Log driver options (default [])
  134.       --mac-address string          Container MAC address (e.g. 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
  135.   -m, --memory string               Memory limit
  136.       --memory-reservation string   Memory soft limit
  137.       --memory-swap string          Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
  138.       --memory-swappiness int       Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100) (default -1)
  139.       --name string                 Assign a name to the container
  140.       --network string              Connect a container to a network (default "default")
  141.       --network-alias value         Add network-scoped alias for the container (default [])
  142.       --no-healthcheck              Disable any container-specified HEALTHCHECK
  143.       --oom-kill-disable            Disable OOM Killer
  144.       --oom-score-adj int           Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000)
  145.       --pid string                  PID namespace to use
  146.       --pids-limit int              Tune container pids limit (set -1 for unlimited)
  147.       --privileged                  Give extended privileges to this container
  148.   -p, --publish value               Publish a container's port(s) to the host (default [])
  149.   -P, --publish-all                 Publish all exposed ports to random ports
  150.       --read-only                   Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
  151.       --restart string              Restart policy to apply when a container exits (default "no")
  152.       --rm                          Automatically remove the container when it exits
  153.       --runtime string              Runtime to use for this container
  154.       --security-opt value          Security Options (default [])
  155.       --shm-size string             Size of /dev/shm, default value is 64MB
  156.       --sig-proxy                   Proxy received signals to the process (default true)
  157.       --stop-signal string          Signal to stop a container, SIGTERM by default (default "SIGTERM")
  158.       --storage-opt value           Storage driver options for the container (default [])
  159.       --sysctl value                Sysctl options (default map[])
  160.       --tmpfs value                 Mount a tmpfs directory (default [])
  161.   -t, --tty                         Allocate a pseudo-TTY
  162.       --ulimit value                Ulimit options (default [])
  163.   -u, --user string                 Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
  164.       --userns string               User namespace to use
  165.       --uts string                  UTS namespace to use
  166.   -v, --volume value                Bind mount a volume (default [])
  167.       --volume-driver string        Optional volume driver for the container
  168.       --volumes-from value          Mount volumes from the specified container(s) (default [])
  169.   -w, --workdir string              Working directory inside the container

你应该对以上命令有个概念和熟悉过程，然后掌握命令行的规则
docker [options] command [arg…]

  • 查看帮助文档 docker —help
  • 查看具体某个命令的帮助文档 docker command —help

这些才是最重要的！

命令行学习忠告

  1. 用大于学，多尝试
  2. 循序渐进，不要想着一次性都背过会用，学会基础的，再慢慢深入，不断复盘

Docker三个最重要的概念，掌握相关的命令行即可满足日常需要。

  • 镜像
  • 容器
  • 仓库
  • 另外增加网络连接

接下来讲这三个基础操作，算作命令行入门！