特殊句子- 2021-02-12 22:55
categories:
- 英语
- 句子

列举一些特殊句子的用法

感叹句

感叹句一般是由 what 和how引导的
名词短语用what
形容词副词动词用how

what

what 具有名词性质，也具有形容词性质
1.What do you want? what -> n
句型是主谓宾，这里的what充当的就是宾语成分，所以what具备名词成分
2.What color do you want ? what -> adj
这里的what是用来修饰color，而color是名词，修饰名词的是形容词，所以what具备形容词的词性

How

how只具备副词词性
How do you come here ? how -> adv
这里的how 是用来修饰come的，come是动词，修饰动词的是副词，所以how具有副词词性

祈使句(SIV)

祈使句的特点是开头的主语会被省略，祈使句一般有4个需要注意的点：

1.省主语

例如：Shut up!
一般省略的主语都是You，各别情况下是We/I，这个主要是靠 话语的承接对象 来区分。

2.动词原型开头 DO

Sit down!
某些情况下会以Plaese等词开头，例如Please sit down!

3.表达命令、要求、建议等

没有多余的词语，例如：
Help!
Be queit!

4.天然表将来

Open the door ! 这句话预示着接下来门会被打开，或是会去打开门。

一般疑问句

公式

一般疑问句可遵循下面的公式 按照优先级来处理：
助动词 > 系动词(Be) > 抽象出实义动词的侠义助动词（Do/Does/Did）
也就是句子中有助动词时，优先采用助动词作为疑问词；不存在助动词时，系动词优先，这里的系动词单指Be动词；如果系动词也不存在，那么就将实义动词抽象出侠义助动词，do does did 。

谓语的构成

谓语一般可由 实义动词、系动词、助动词+实义动词、助动词+系动词 组成，那么在将这些句子转换为一般疑问句时，就可以遵循 助动词 > 系动词 > 抽象出实义动词的侠义助动词 这个公式了。

实义动词做谓语

实义动词做谓语，就不存在助动词和系动词的情况，所以遵循公式的抽象实义动词的侠义助动词来处理：

  1. He plays football every day.

Does **he play football every day ?**

  1. I play football every day.

Do **you/I play football every day ?**

  1. They play football every day.

Do **they play football every day?**

  1. He played football yesterday.

Did **he do play football yesterday ?**

系动词做谓语

系动词Be做谓语时，直接使用Be做一般疑问词，其他非Be动词遵循抽象侠义助动词来处理。

  1. He is a student.

Is **he a student ?**

  1. I am a student.

Am **I a student ?**

  1. They are students.

Are **they students ?**

  1. It sounds interesting.

Dodes **it sound interesting ?**

  1. They became friends.

Do **they became friends ?**

  1. He seems right.

Does **he seem right ?**

助动词+实义动词做谓语

当助动词与实义动词同做谓语时，优先使用助动词当疑问词

  1. He is playing football.

Is **He playing football ?**

  1. He is fired.

Is **he fired ?**

  1. He can speak English.

Can **he speak English ?**

  1. He did play football yesterday.

Did **he do play football yesterday ?**

  1. He has become a college student.

Has **he become a college student ?**

助动词+系动词做谓语

当助动词与系动词同做谓语时，优先使用系动词当疑问词

  1. He is being a man.

Is **he being a man ?
补充：** 这句话的本意是 He is a man，在使用过程中加助动词 is 辅助 表强调的意思，变成 He is is a man，这句话看下来是有问题的，因为有两个is(前面的is是助动词，后面的is是系动词)，为了解决这个问题，系动词is变成动词原型be，就形成了现在的句子 He is being a man.

  1. We are becoming friends.

Are **we becoming friends ?**
这里的are是助动词，become是系动词，与上面的例句原理相同。

  1. Leo can be the one.

Can **leo be the one ?
补充：**can是情态动词，后面接动词原型，也就是系动词的原型be.

  1. He does seem right.

Does **he seem right ?**

  1. He has been in Chengdu for 10 years.

Has **he been in chegdu for 10 years ?**

特殊一般疑问句

1.There be

There be 句型 转换一般疑问句时，只需要将be 提前即可：
There be -> Be there
There is a book. -> Is there a book ?

2.some | any

some和any 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词，some常用在肯定句中，而any则常用在否定和疑问句中，所以当肯定句中存在some,那么转换成一般疑问句时，some就替换成any.
肯定句 smoe -> 疑问句 any
I have something to say. -> Do you have anything to say ?

3.不确定回答 | 肯定回答

1. 当问出某个问题不确定对方的回答时，一般使用any ，当希望得到对方的肯定回答时就用some.
希望得到对方的肯定回答：
Would you like something to drink ?
2.在回答反义疑问句时，大家经常会绕，例如：
Isn’t he a student ? 他不是一个学生？
Yes,he is. 不，他是
No ,he isn’t. 是的，他不是
这里有一个处理技巧，在回答时，先不要关心Yes/No, 根据后面的事实走，如果他是，那么就是Yes,如果他不是那么就是No.

特殊疑问句

定义

特殊疑问句一般是以下面疑问词引导：
who，what，which，whose，when，where，why，how，how many，how much，how soon，how often，how long，how far，how old…

公式

疑问词不作主语时 -> 疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序
疑问词作主语或组成主语时 -> 疑问词提前+其他不变序，句号变问号

判断词性

简单的用来判断疑问词的词性，语句不一定是对的，只是用来辅助了解词性的。
名词性n. 疑问词 可做 主语、宾语、表语，有些名称性宾格只能做宾语
形容词adj. 疑问词 可做 定语
副词性adv.疑问词 可做 状语

疑问词 短句 词性


what [n. adj]		 You want what 宾语 名词 n.
You wangt what color 定语 形容词 adj.
which [n. adj.] You want which 宾语 n.
You want which size 定语 adj.
whose [adj.] This is whose book 定语 adj.
who [n.] You like who 宾语 n.
how [adv.] You how came here 状语 adv.
when [adv.] You when came here 状语 adv.
why [adv.] You why came here 状语 adv.
where [adv.] You where met her 状语 adv.
how much [adv.] You how much miss her 状语 adv.

由上表得出：
[n] : what which who whom
[adj] : what which whose
[adv]: when where why how

练习

将陈述句转换为疑问句

what [n,adj]

  1. You want a car. a car -> what

What do you want ?

  1. Your problem is your face. your face-> what

What is your problem ?

  1. You want size 5. 5 -> what

What size do you want ?
补充：形容词性的疑问词不能单独引导句子，需要将它修饰的部分一并提前。

  1. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. All work and no play -> what

What makes Jack a dull boy ?

wich [n,adj]

  1. You want the red one. the red one -> which

Which do you want ?

  1. My choice is the red one. the red one -> which

Which is your choice ?

  1. You are in class 5. 5 -> which

Which class are you in ?

  1. The red one is better. The red one -> which

Which is better ?

who [n]

  1. I choose Jay. Jay -> who

Who do you choose ?

  1. My favorite singer is Jay. Jay -> who

Who is your favorite singer ?

  1. Jay is my favorite singer. Jay -> who

Who is your favorite singer ?

  1. Jay makes the best music. Jay -> who

Who makes the best music ?

whom [n]

  1. I choose Jay. Jay -> whom

Whom do you choose ?

whose [adj]

  1. I will join Jay’s team. Jay’s -> whose

Whose team will you join ?

  1. Jay’s music is the best. Jay’s -> whose

Whose music is the bes ?

when where why how [adv]

  1. I came here at 8:30. at 8:30 -> when

When did you come here ?

  1. I came here by bus. by bus -> how

How did you come here ?

  1. I came here to meet her. to meet her -> why

Why did you come here ?

  1. I will meet her at the gate. at the gate -> where

Where will you meet her ?

  1. I exercise three times a week. three times a week -> how often

How often do you exercise ?

  1. I waited for him for 3 hours. 3 hours -> how long

How long did you wait for him ?

  1. He will come back in an hour. in an hour -> how soon

How soon will he come back ?

  1. My house is three miles from the supermarket. three miles -> how far

How far is your house from the supermarket ?

反义疑问句

规则

  1. 前肯后否，前否后肯

  2. 完整句子 **, 助动词/系动词 主语的人称代词 ？**

    1. 首先句子不缺主谓宾才算完整
    2. 在反义的时候如果句子中包含助动词或系动词，优先使用助动词或系动词，助动词 > 系动词 > do。
    3. 反义对象需要使用主语的人称代词
      1. there be句型时，反义词使用there be 的be动词，主语的人称代词还是使用there
      2. 当主语是一个从句时，使用形式主语It
    4. 当句子是祈使句时，反义 使用 will you/shall we ?
    5. 当句子中存在否定含义的词时，则按照前否后肯

      练习

  3. He can speak English.

He can speak English, can’t he ?

  1. He is a good student .

He is a good student,isn’t he ?

  1. He speak good English.

He speak good English,deosn’t he ?

  1. He can hardly speak English.

He can hardly speak English, can he ?
hardly 具有否定，所以这里需要按照前否后肯来处理**

  1. There is a car in the park.

There is a car in the park,isn’t there?

  1. What he said is right.

What he said is right, isn’t it ?

  1. Let’s go.

Let’s go , shall we ?

  1. Shut up.

Shut up ,will you ?**

强调句

公式

It is/was 强调 that/who(人)/whom(宾) +其他
判断一句话是不是强调句，可以去掉 It is/was ,that后 看看句子还成不成立，成立就是强调句。

举例详解

①原句解析1
She told me a jok in the classroom yesterday afternoon.
1>强调 She
It is/was she that/who/whom told me a jok in the classroom yesterday afternoon.
2>强调me
It is me that/who/whom she told a jok in the classroom yesterday afternoon.
3>强调 a jok
It is a jok that She told me in the classroom yesterday afternoon.2
4>强调 in the classroom
It is in the classroom that she told me a jok yesterday afternoon.
5>强调 yesterday afternoon
It is yesterday afternoon that she told me a jok in the classroom.

②原句解析2
She told a jok to me in the classroom yesterday afternoon.
1>强调 She
It is/was she that/who/whom told a jok to me in the classroom yesterday afternoon.
2>强调 to me
It is to me that/who/whom she told a jok in the classroom yesterday afternoon.
3>强调 a jok
It is a jok that she told to me in the classroom yesterday afternoon.
4>强调 in the classroom
It is in the classroom that she told a jok to me yesterday afternoon.
5>强调 yesterday afternoon
It is yesterday afternoon she told a jok to me in the classroom.**