状语从句（副词从句）- 2021-03-09 21:25
categories:
- 英语
- 从句
概念
状语从句 （Adverbial Clause） 是指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。状语从句中的从句可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。
状语从句 根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。
1.1 时态：主将从现**
一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”，用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。**主现从不限；主过从过；主将从现。例如：
I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我到北京就将给你打电话。
（这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句，从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时，表示一般将来时，绝不可用will arrive）
As soon as I have finished this work, I will have gone home.如果我早点完成工作的话,我现在已经到家了。
（从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时have finished，表示将来完成时,绝不可用will have finished）
If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回来了，请通知我。
（从句中的谓语动词用comes back,表示一般将来时，绝不可用will come back）
从句通常结构：主 do sth.\do sb.（条件）+ V.\结果**
1.2 从属连词
1>时间状语
2>地点状语
例句
- Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
一般来说，有工厂的地方空气污染就严重。
- Wherever you go, you should work hard.
无论你去哪里，你都应该努力工作。
地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导，已经形成了固定的句型，例如：
- Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.
在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的或根本不可能的。
- They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed.
他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。
- You should have put the book where you found it.
你应该把书放回原来的地方。
- Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.
3>原因状语
例句
- My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.
我的朋友都不喜欢我，因为我又英俊又成功。
- Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
既然每个人都到了，让我们开始我们的会议吧。
- The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.
4>目的状语
例句
- The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
老板要求秘书快写函件以便他能在上面签字。
- The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.
5>结果状语
例句
- He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
他很早起床以便赶上第一班公共汽车
- It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.
这是一个好机会，千万不能错过它
- To such a degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.
他激动到这个程度，以至于他昨晚睡不着
- This news is exciting, so that he jumped up.
6>条件状语
例句
- We’ll start our project if the president agrees.
如果总统同意，我们将开始我们的项目
- You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
只要你继续努力，你一定会成功的。
- Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
如果没有人反对，我们就在这里开会。
- Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.
7>让步状语从句**
8>比较状语从句**
9>方式状语从句
例句
- When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
入国问禁，入乡随俗。
- She behaved as if she were the boss.
她表现得好像她是老板。
- Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
1.3 省略
符合省略的条件
状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:
①主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；
②从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。
例如：
When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .
当博物馆完成，该博物馆将于明年向公众开放。
He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.
如果可能，他将去海边度假的话
另外，比较状语从句经常省略。
例如：
I’m taller than him (he is tall ).
我比他高
The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).
温度越高，气压越大
状语从句“简化现象”
就状语从句而言,有时为了使语言言简意赅,常常将状语从句进行”简化”。状语从句的”简化”现象在口语中较为普遍,而且在高考中的复现率也较高。
五种状语从句的常见“简化现象”
①由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句;
②由although, though, even if / though等引导的让步状语从句;
③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引导的时间状语从句;
④由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句;
⑤由as, than等引导的比较状语从句。
详解
(1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉。
例如:
If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.
如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境。
You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you。
除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。
(2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。
常用于以下几种情形:
连词+形容词
As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.
他小时候就学会了骑自行车。
Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.
她有空就去逛商店。
Work hard when (you are) young, or you’ll regret.
少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
连词+名词
While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.
他在孩子时代就乐于助人。
Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.
尽管他曾是个农民,但现在他是位著名的导演了。
连词+现在分词
As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.
她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。
Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.
尽管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。
连词+过去分词
He won’t go there with us unless (he is) invited.
除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一道去那里。
The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.
这场音乐会出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。
连词+不定式
He stood up as if (he were) to say something.
当时他站起来好像要说什么。
He wouldn’t solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.
即使他来负责,他也解决不了这个问题。
连词+介词短语
She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.
她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。
He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.
他到美国之前就懂英语了。
注意:当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达。例如:
When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.
当会议结束时,人们都走出了会议室。(=The meeting over）
1.4 倒装
2.混淆点区分
2.1 地点状语从句 vs 定语从句 区别
2.2 where 的三种用法
while也可以表“虽然”，一般有三种用法，时间状语，让步状语，表转折，当遇到whlie时，这三种情况都需要考虑一下。
①时间状语：当…时 (句首/居中)
While I was playing the piano,she was dancing．我在弹钢琴,她在跳舞.
While Jim is picking apples,Kate is carrying apples to the truck．吉姆正在摘苹果,凯特正在把苹果搬到卡车上去.
②让步状语：虽然 (句首)
While I see what you say,I can’t agree with you．虽然我能理解你说的话,但是我不能同意你.
③表转折关系：然而 (居中)
There’s plenty of rain in the southeast,while there’s little in the northeast.东南部雨量充足,而西北部则很少下雨。
Some people waste food while others haven’t enough.有些人浪费粮食,然而有些人却吃不饱。
2.3 since 时间状语从句 vs 原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句
since引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、 显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”)， 较为正式， 语气比because弱。
例如：
Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics.
既然今天你休息， 你最好帮我补习数学。
Since you don’t trust him,you should not employ him.
你既然不信任他，你就不该雇用他。
引导时间状语从句
since引（自从..以来）导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。
一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is +时间+since从句的句型中，主句多用一般过去时，且since后的动词若为延续性或状态性动词,应译为否定或相反,若为短暂性动词按字面意思翻译。
例如：
I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。
Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？
It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。
It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。
2.4 as 引导的五种状语从句
①时间状语从句：随着；一地…一边
②让步状语从句：虽然…但是
③原因状语从句：因为，由于
④比较状语从句：as .. as .. 中间用原级；倍数放前
⑤方式状语从句：按照.. 正如
2.5 although和though的用法比较
2.6 as if vs as though的用法比较
2.7 so that vs so .. that ..
so that : 目的状语，以方便，为了
so .. that .. ：结果状语，如此 .. 以至于 ..
2.8 if only vs only if vs what if
only if 仅当
if only 要是.. 该多好
if only 可以理解为是做一个假设，要是怎么样该多好，要用虚拟语气
what if 如果..怎么办？
2.9 in case 的两种状语从句
in case 引导两种状语从句，目的状语/条件状语，我们在使用过程中其实无须过于区分这两种状语，可以当做一种使用。
目的状语：以防，以免
条件状语：万一
3.before TODO
状语从句练习
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