宾语(Object)&宾补(OC)- 2021-02-12 18:13
categories:
- 英语
- 句子成分

宾语

定义

宾语（object），又称受词，是指一个动作（动词）的对象或接受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语（间接宾语也称宾语补足语）两大类，其中直接宾语指动作的直接对象，间接宾语说明动作的非直接，但受动作影响。宾语的种类：动宾、直接宾语、间接宾语、介宾

宾语的产生

动宾

vt + 宾语+宾语补语。**S+Vt+ O + OC **单及物动词后跟的就是动宾。例如：
I play football.
I watch TV.
She made me sad.

宾语补足语

定义
宾语补足语是在单及物动词中使用，S+Vt+O+OC

双宾语：直接宾语DO(物)、间接宾语IO(人)

vt+间接宾语 +直接宾语。S+Vt+IO+DO 双及物动词后跟人和物。
I told her a story. her就是间接宾语 a staory 就是直接宾语
She bought me a book. me 是间接宾语 a book 是直接宾语

①可以转换为to的: S+Vt+DO+to+IO

allow，brimg，deny，give，grant，hand，leave，lend，offer，owe，pass，pay，permit，promise，read，refuse，sell，send，show，teach，tell，wish，write等。
例： I told her a story. -> I told a story to her.

②可以转换为for的：S+Vt+DO+for+IO

buy，choose，fetch，get，make，order，paint，play（演奏），save，sing，spare 等。
例：She bought me a book. -> She bought a book for me.

to for 区别

to注重参与感，主语做某件事需要间接宾语参与其中。
for注重独立完成，不注重参与，主语可以单独做某件事而不需要间接宾语参与。

判断：划出**间宾与直宾**

  1. She ordered **herself a new dress.**
  2. She cooked **her husband a delicious meal.**
  3. He brought **you a dictionary**.
  4. He denies **her nothing**.
  5. I showed **him my pictures.**
  6. I gave **my car a wash.**
  7. I told **him that the bus was late.**
  8. He showed **me how to run the machine.**

    双宾与宾补的区别

    | 双宾 | 宾补 | | —- | —- | | 双及物动词 | 单及物动词 | | 有两个主体 | 一个主体 | | 双宾语之间的顺序可调换 | 不可变 |

例句

She told me a joke.
She made me sad.

判断：区分宾补(Oc)与双宾语(O)

  1. His father named him **Dongming**.
  2. They painted their boat **white**.
  3. Let the fresh air **in**.
  4. You mustn’t force him **to lend his money to you**.
  5. We saw her **entering the room**.
  6. We found everything in the lab **in good order**.
  7. We will soon make our city **what your city is now**.
  8. I want your homework **done **on time.

  9. We all think it **a pity** that she didn’t come here.

    介宾

    vi+介词+宾语。跟在不及物动词后的宾语叫介宾。

    判断

    动宾 vs 介宾

  10. They **planted many trees yesterday. 动宾**

  11. I **have five. 动宾**
  12. They **helped the old with their housework yesterday. 动宾**
  13. I **wanted to buy a car. 动宾**
  14. I **enjoy listening to popular music. 介宾**
  15. Look **at the man. 介宾**
  16. I **think (that) he is fit for his office.** 动宾

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