状语(Adverbial)- 2021-02-12 18:17
categories:
- 英语
- 句子成分

定义

状语由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语构成，状语可以修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。状语的功用：说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等，其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。

判断

  1. He writes carefully.

carefully (adv)修饰writes(v) 状语修饰动词

  1. He walks slowly.

slowly(adv)修饰walks(v) 状语修饰动词

  1. He is extremely happy.

extremely (adv) 修饰happy(adj) 状语修饰形容词

  1. He runs very slowly.

very (adv) 修饰slowly,slowly(adv)修饰runs(v) 状语修饰副词，状语修饰动词

  1. Unfortunately,he lost all of the money.

Unfortunately修饰后面一整句话

  1. Unlucking,I got up very late today.

除I got up外，其余全部是副词。Unlucking修饰后面的句子，very 修饰late ,late 修饰got up,today 修饰整句话

分类：按意义分类

表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式、让步、比较、伴随等。

注意：不同状语之间的区分以及解析

1.方式vs伴随区别
方式：how
伴随：ing
例如你上学的方式，可以是乘车，步行或者汽车，而伴随就是你在上学的路上在怎么样，像思考某件事。
一般逗号后面紧跟着doing可以考虑是伴随。
2.让步状语
even if / though 这些都拥有让步状语的词性，为什么说这些词就是让步状语呢？
理解一：甚至 即使 即便 怎么样，也要怎么样，这种词语引领的句子都是做了最坏打算的，也就是在最糟糕的情况下都要怎么样，何况那些并非糟糕的情况呢？所以这里就产生了让步的情况。
理解二：落差大
3.围绕行为的状语
原因和条件是发生在行为之前的，目的和结果是发生在行为之后的。因为什么原因或者条件，产生了什么样的行为，这个行为是为了达到什么样的目的，最后得到了什么样的结果。目的和原因有时候其实区分并不大。
发生在行为中的状态：时间、地点、伴随、让步、比较、程度。
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练习

  1. How about meeting again at six？ 时间状语
  2. Mr.Smith lives on the third floor. 地点状语
  3. Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain. 原因状语
  4. She put the eggs into the basket with great care. 方式状语
  5. She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 伴随状语
  6. In order to catch up with the others，I must work harder. 目的状语
  7. To make his dream come true，Tom becomes very interested in business. 目的状语
  8. The boy needs a pen very much. 程度状语
  9. The boy really needs a pen. 程度状语
  10. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 结果状语
  11. She works very hard though she is old. 让步状语
  12. I am taller than he is. 比较状语
  13. I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. 条件状语
  14. On Sundays，there is no student in the classroom. 时间状语
  15. Having to finish his homework，the boy needs a pen. 原因状语