动词(vi/vt)- 2021-01-26 20:40
categories:
- 英语
- 动词
定义
助动词
助动词起辅助作用,不能单独做谓语。**分为be动词、情态动词、狭义动词、完成动词。**
Be动词
am is are was were be
情态助动词
can couldwill wouldshall shouldneed daremust have tomay mighthad better
特性
1.不能单独做谓语
2.无人称变化 例如 I can. He can.
3.在使用过程中 + do . I can do it.
4.有本身意义
狭义助动词
do does did
完成助动词
have has had
在句子中起到的作用
Be + doing/done
情态动词+do
狭义助动词 + do
完成助动词 + done
1.帮助构成时态
- The boy **is crying.**
- He **has arrived.**
I **have been painting **all day.
2.帮助构成疑问句
Does **he like English?**
He **doesn’t have lunch at home.**
3.帮助构成被动语态
Trees **are planted in spring.**
The house **has been pulled down.**
4.帮助构成虚拟语气
If he had come yesterday,I wouldn’t have made such a mistake.
5.帮助构成倒装句
So much did he love his mother that he bought her many presents on her birthday.
6.帮助构成强调意义
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实义动词
定义
实义动词又称为行为动词,表具体的动作,分为内部动作和外部动作。内部动作可以理解为自身精神层面的动作,例如I love you. I meet you. 外部动作是身体发出的动作,例如I paly a bell. 实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词.
及物动词(vt)
定义
及物动词后面接宾语,组成 Vt + o => 构成 S V O ,也就是主谓宾结构。及物动词后面可以接3种宾语:动宾、间接宾语(人)、直接宾语(物),其中间接宾语和直接宾语是搭配使用的。
①动宾
动词后面加一个宾语就可以了,例如:
I play football.
I watch TV.②间接宾语&直接宾语
I told **her a story. her就是间接宾语 a staory 就是间接宾语**
不及物动词 (vi)
不及物动词后面不能直接接宾语,构成S V结构,也就是主谓语句。如果不及物动词后加宾语,需要加介词拼接宾语,组成 S +V+ 介 +O结构,这种形式也叫介宾。
练习 区分及物动词(Vt)与不及物动词(Vi)
- The door **opened. Vi**
- He **opened the door. Vt**
- The meeting **began at six. Vi **at six 是介词短语做时间状语用来修饰began
- He **looked at the man. Vi **
- We **began the meeting at six. Vt**
- The man **walked away. Vi **
- He **walked the dog every day. Vt**
- She **washes clothes at home. Vt**
- The clothes **washes well. Vi **well是状语修饰washes
- He **listens to the music every day. Vi **不及物动词不能直接跟宾语 需要加介词
- Most birds can **fly. Vi**
- The children are **flying kites in the park. Vt**
- It **happened yesterday. Vi**
- My watch **stopped. Vi**
- The baby **stopped crying when he saw his mother. Vt**
- She **spoke at the meeting this morning. Vi **at the meeting介词短语做状语修饰spoke
- Shall l **begin at once? Vi**
- She **began working as a teacher after she left school. Vt **working是动名词做宾语
- When did they **leave Beijing? Vt**
- They **left last week. Vi**
系动词
系动词后必须跟表语,表语无具体动作,用于表示主语是什么或怎样。系动词可用于表状态、表感官、表变化、表像。
表状态
Be stay keep remain lie stand exist
表感官
feel 感觉smell 闻起来taste 尝起来look 看起来sound 听起来
表变化
becomegogetturnfall
表像
seem appear
容易混淆动词区分
1.系动词Be和助动词Be的区分
系动词的Be是表示主语是什么样或怎么样的,一般主系表结构的语句都是系动词.
助动词Be不具备具体动作含义,它是用来辅助动词的,所以Be后面会接动词的现在分词或过去分词,用来表示当前的时态或是表示被动的状态。助动词一般用于主谓宾结构中。
例:
1.He is a student. 他是一个学生。 is -> 系动词
2.He is plaving football. 他正在打球。 is ->助动词
这里实际表动作的词是plaving,is只起辅助作用,不表示实际动作。
3.His hobby is playing football. 他的爱好是打球。 is ->系动词
这里的planning 虽然是现在分词,但是整个句子的意思并不是说他的爱好正在打球,而是他的爱好是打球,这里的is是表示主语是什么样的。
4.He is asked to do this job. 他被要求去做这份工作。 is ->助动词
这里的is起的是辅助作用,表示被动,完成实际动作的是asked。
2.助动词与实义动词的区别
助动词 起辅助作用,不做实际动作,实义动词表示动作。
- He did it. did -> 实义动词 表实际动作
- He did lke it. did ->助动词 like ->实义动词
- He did do it. did -> 助动词 do ->实义动词
- I have a dream. have -> 实义动词
- I have finished my homework. have ->助动词 finished ->实义动词
I have had supper. have ->助动词 had ->实际动词
3.系动词与实义动词的区别
实义动词表实际动作,而系动词是描述一个事务的状态或变化的。
He goes to school by bike. goes ->实义动词
这里goes承担了去学校的行为,是实义动词
- The food goes bad. 食物变坏 goes ->系动词
食物变坏,是一种内部的变化,goes在这里表示的是一种变化。在系动词中goes表示变化。
- He turns around. turns -> 实义动词
- The leaf turns yelow. 树叶变黄 turns -> 系动词
树叶变黄,表示树叶的一种变化,turn在这里表示的是一种变化。在系动词中turn表示变化。
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