时间状语从句- 2021-03-11 11:29
categories:
- 英语
- 从句


用表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语,这样的主从复合句就是时间状语从句。

常用引导词

汇总

  1. when(在…时)
  2. as(当…时)
  3. while(在…期间)
  4. before(在…之前)
  5. after(在...之后)
  6. since(自从...以来)
  7. not...until(直到…才)
  8. until/till(直到…时)

单个引导词详解

since(自从…以来)

since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。
一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is +时间+since从句的句型中,主句多用一般过去时,且since后的动词若为延续性或状态性动词,应译为否定或相反,若为短暂性动词按字面意思翻译。
例如:
I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了。
Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后,你到哪里去了?
It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。
It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。

特殊引导词

汇总

  1. the minute
  2. the moment
  3. the second
  4. every time
  5. each time
  6. next time
  7. last time
  8. the day
  9. the year
  10. the instant 瞬间,顷刻)
  11. immediately
  12. directly(不久,立即)
  13. no sooner than(一...就...)
  14. hardly when(刚一...就...)
  15. scarcely when(刚...就.../一...就...)
  16. as soon as(一…就…)

当用no sooner … than,hardly …when,scarcely … when作为引导词的时候,从句要部分倒装。

单个引导词详解

一..就..

下面这些单词短语都可以被译作一.. 就..,区别在与表达的时间上的不一样。

表过去发生过的

  1. no sooner...than
  2. hardly...when/before...

句型: 主句使用 had done + 从句did
例如: had (no sooner/hardly ) done + than/when
例句:
He had hardly got to the station when/before the train left.
He had no sooner got to the station than the train left.

即可表过去也可表将来

  1. as soon as
  2. the moment/second /instant
  3. immediately /instantly/directly

例句:
He will give you a call as soon as he arrives.
I recognized her as soon as I saw her.
I recognized her immediately/instantly I saw her.
We hadn’t met for 20 years, but I recognized him the moment I saw him.

部分倒装

no sooner … than,hardly …when,scarcely … when在句子中充当的是否定副词,当它们作为引导词的时候,从句要部分倒装。

He had hardly/scarcely got to the station when the train left.
因为hardly/scarcely 在句子中充当否定副词的成分,将否定副词提到从句句首,句子中存在助动词had+实义动词got,只需要将had提到主语前,构成部分倒装:
Hardly/Scarcely had he got to the station when the train left.
no sooner…than的使用方法同上。

主要时态

主要时态主现从不限;主过从过;主将从现。

标志词区分

when/while/as 区别

5大区别

①when 表时间点,接瞬间动作,表突然

when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。
例如:
When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时,我停止吃饭。(瞬时动词)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我住在农村时,我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词)
We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了。

②主从ing,尽量用while

While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且while有时还可以表示对比。
例如:
While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词,was reading和was watching同时发生) 。
I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球。(对比)

③随着用as

As表示“一边……一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后。
例如:
We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。(as表示“一边……一边”)
As we were going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时,开始下雪了。(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间)

④when,while可以省略,as不可省略

when,while从句中的主谓如果与主句中的主谓重复了,那么when,while中主谓是可以省略的。而as的从句中,主谓是不能省略的。

⑤自然而然用when

表示一般情况时,自然情况时时用when

详解版

when 在…时 while 在…期间 as 当…时
表达在某一时间点上
在时间点上,通常使用的情况是 突然/(就在)这时
过去:When I finished my composition,the night was half gone.
将来:Iwill give you a call when I arrive in Chengdu.
**× ×
通常as不表示在某一时间点上,如果表达‘紧接着’则可以用as:
The phone rang just as he stepped out of the shower.
I will qive you a call as soon as I arrive in Chenqdu.
从句是时间段 ①主句是时间点 √
过去:We became friends when we were in high school.
将来:When you are in Japan,can you buy me some postcards?
②主句是时间段,并且主从的时间段是重合的√
过去:
Mary was cooking supper when her brother was playing chess.
I read the book when I was on the plane.
将来:I’lI make the salad when you set the table.
①主句是时间点 √
We became friends while we were in high school.
While you are in Japan, can you buy me sorme postcards?
②主句是时间段,并且主从的时间段是重合的√
过去:
Mary was cooking supper while her brother was playing chess. (主从句两边都是doing的句型,推荐使用while)
I read the book while I was on the plane.
将来:I’lI make the salad while you set the table.
①主句是时间点 √
We became friends as we were in high school.
As you are in Japan, can you buy me sorme postcards?(通常不要用这种写法,as也有原因的意思,在这里会产生歧义)
②主句是时间段,并且主从的时间段是重合的√
过去:
Mary was cooking supper as her brother was playing chess. × 主从两边都是doing的句型,不适合as.
I read the book as I was on the plane.
He sang as he worked.
Be patient with your puppy as he adjusts to his new home.
一般现象/自然现象 When water is heated, it will be changed into vapor.自然现象
When lead is added to petrol, it improves the car’s performance.物理现象
When it is mixed with water ,the powder forms a smooth paste.自然现象
× ×
随着/一边..一边 When the night gets late, you will be sleepy. 这里的when是表示一般情况,一般原则,译作“当夜深的时候,就会感觉到困” × As time goes by, it gets colder and colder. 这里as表示随着状态
As the night gets late, you will be sleepy. 这里as强调随着,“随着夜深,感觉到困”
并列句的转折(了解即可) How can they expect to learn anything when they never listen?
She claimed to be 18,when I know she’s only 16.
I don’t know why she stole it when she can fully afford to buy it.
Some students are active while others are shy. ×
让步

after/befor 详细区分

注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语,并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后,有时译成“就,才”。
当主句用将来时,从句总是用现在时;如果before引导的主句谓语用的是过去完成时,则从句动词多用一般过去时,这样以便体现动作发生的先后。
After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和 从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。

中英思维的差异

分别用after/befor描述一下,7天后我们会再见面。
after
After seven days,we will meet again. 这句话的用法比较中式英语,不推荐这样使用。
befor
It will be seven days, befor we meet again. 这里就是主将从现的体现,英式英语,推荐使用。
例如:
It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。
Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。
My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。
They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。
After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后,告诉我你是怎样决定的。
After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后,我们回家了。(从句用过去完成时,主句用一般过去时)

before/after/since的区别

before,after是在某件具体事件或某个具体动作之前之后发生的,它是相较于具体事件来说的,而不是相较于现在这个时间节点。
since是表达的意思是从过去到现在,自从…以来,所以从句是一般是油过去时态组成,表示过去,主句由一般现在式或现在完成式来表现在。从句是since + 过去时态,主句由一般现在式/现在完成式组成。
例如:
She gave me a message before she put me into her blacklist.
He went to Beijing after he left Chengdu.
You have made great progress since I last met you.
It is 100 years since the company was founded.

till/until/not..until

  1. till和until一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until;
  2. 如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式 not …until
  3. 如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同。until是直到某个点之前都在保持,not…until是直到这个点之后才开始保持。
  4. till不可以用在句首,而until可以放在句首。

例如:
I didn’t go to bed until(till) my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。( 在父亲回来之前我都没有上床睡觉,父亲回来之后我才上床睡觉,时间节点就是父亲回来。)
It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。
I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。 (事件节点是他回来,until表达了在节点之前 我一直保持某件事,他回来之后我停止了。)
I didn’t work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。(事件节点同样是他回来,not until表示在节点之前我没有做某事,在节点之后 我才开始做某事。)
Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。

例句

  1. I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.

直到我成为了一个成年人我才意识到我的母亲是多么的特殊。

  1. While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.

当约翰看电视时,他的妻子正在做饭。

  1. The children ran away from the orchard(果园), the moment they saw the guard.

孩子们一看到守卫就逃出了果园。

  1. No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.

我一到家就开始下雨了。

  1. Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.

每当我听取你的建议时,我就会惹上麻烦。
**