让步状语从句- 2021-03-11 20:46
categories:
- 英语
- 从句

定义

让步状语从句，属于状语从句中的一种。一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”等，就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说…”的感觉。

常用引导词

though, although, even if, even though, whether...or...

切记although，though 不可与but连用，但可以与still和yet连用。although 不能倒装，though可以倒也不可以倒装。

特殊引导词

as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),
while ( 一般用在句首 ),
no matter + 疑问词,
regardless of+名词/名词短语/名词从句,
in spite of,
despite,
疑问词+ever:
  whatever,
  whoever,
  wherever,
  whenever,
  however,
  whichever

由as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序，因为as会引导很多状语从句，为了避免引起歧义，让步状语必须倒装。

用法详解

while

 while也可以表“虽然”，一般有三种用法，时间状语，让步状语，表转折，当遇到whlie时，这三种情况都需要考虑一下。

①时间状语：当…时 (句首/居中)

While I was playing the piano,she was dancing．我在弹钢琴,她在跳舞.
While Jim is picking apples,Kate is carrying apples to the truck．吉姆正在摘苹果,凯特正在把苹果搬到卡车上去.

②让步状语：虽然 (句首)

While I see what you say,I can’t agree with you．虽然我能理解你说的话,但是我不能同意你.

③表转折关系：然而 (居中)

There’s plenty of rain in the southeast,while there’s little in the northeast.东南部雨量充足,而西北部则很少下雨。
Some people waste food while others haven’t enough.有些人浪费粮食,然而有些人却吃不饱。

however

however 用作副词,不可连接句子. 但可置于第二句的句首、句末或句中.要特别注意标点的使用.
Alice is a good student．However, she has one shortcoming．　　
He has not arrived. He may, however, come later. 　　
The composition is all right. There is room for improvement, however.

whether…or…

由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。
例如：You’ll have to attend the ceremony whether you’re free or busy. 不管你忙不忙，都要参加这个典礼。

as

as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现，被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形，though也可用于这样的结构中，但although不可以这样用。例如：
Object as/though you may, I’ll go.(=Though/Although you may object, I’ll go.)　　纵使你反对，我也要去。
Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.）　　尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。
Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.（=Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.）　　虽然他是一个孩子，但他知道该做什么。
Fast as you read, you can’t finish the book so soon.　　纵然你读得快，你也不能这么快读完这本书。
Lover of towns as I am, I realize that I owe a debt to my early country life.　　尽管我爱城市，但我知道，以往的乡村生活使我受益匪浅。
Small as atome are, they are made up of still smaller units.　　尽管原子很小，但它们由更小的单位构成。

标志词区分

1.although和though的用法比较

1> 用作连词

表示“虽然”，两者大致同义，可换用，只是 although 比 though 更为正式：
Though [Although] it was raining，we went there. 虽然下着雨，但我们还是去了那儿。
Though [Although] it was barely four o’clock, the lights were already on. 尽管才四点钟，灯已经亮了。
Though [Although] we are poor, we are still happy. 我们虽然穷，仍然很快活。

2> 用作副词

although 一般不用作副词，而 though 可用作副词，且一般放在句末(不放在句首)，意为“可是”、“不过”：
It’s hard work; I enjoy it though. 工作很辛苦，可是我乐意干。
He is looking fit, though. 但他看起来很健康。
You can count on him, though. 不过你可以指靠他。

3> 用于习语

在 as though(好像，仿佛)，even though(即使，纵然)等固定短语中不能用 although：
She closed her eyes as though she were tired. 她闭上眼，仿佛很疲劳似的。
We felt as though we had witnessed the whole thing. 我们感到仿佛目击了整个这件事似的。
He is an honest man, I must say, even though I have opposed him. 尽管我反对过他，我还得说他是一个诚实的人。
She was always afraid of men, even though she had lots of boyfriends. 尽管她有很多男朋友，她总是害怕男人。

4> 用于倒装

though 引导的让步状语从句可用部分倒装的形式(注意：倒装后位于句首的名词之前不用冠词)，但 although 一般不这样用：
Poor though I am, I can afford it. 我虽穷，但这东西还是买得起的。
Child though he was, he did quite well. 他虽是孩子，但干得很好。

2.even if 和even though的去

1> even if引导的从句是假设性的

even if引导的从句是假设性的,相当于汉语的“即使”“纵然”“就算”“哪怕”，有时还可以用于虚拟语气，意思与if接近。
They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed.
Even if it rains tomorrow, we won’t change our plan.
Even if he had the chance, he wouldn’t catch it. (虚拟语气，就算有机会也不会抓住)

2> even though引导的从句内容往往是真实的

even though引导的从句内容往往是真实的，主要用于引出不利用于主句情况的信息，相当于汉语的“尽管”“虽然”，与 though，although意思接近。
He went out even though it was raining.
He is the best student even though he has the least time to study.
Even though (thought, although)I feet sorry for father, l am secretly pleased that he has the time to play with me.

3. 在口语中，even if与even though可混用。

Even if (even though) he hurted her, she still loves him.
We are good friends, even if (even though) we keep some secrets to each other.

3>no matter + 疑问词wh 与疑问词-ever 区别

共同点

no matter + wh（what,who,which,when,etc.）与 -ever（whatever,whoever,whichever,whenever,etc.）的含义为“……都……;不管……都……”，都可以应用在让步状语从句中，它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。但是在特殊情况下，只能用wh。

不同点：引导名词性从句时只能用 -ever

当引导名词性从句（主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句）时则只能用whatever（whoever,whichever,whenever,etc）.
例如：　
Whoever comes back first is supposed to win the prize. (主语从句)
I am ready to do whatever you want me to .（宾语从句）
**

让步状语从句

定义