Blast2GO 是一个基于序列相似性搜索的 GO 注释和功能分析工具，它可以直接统计分析基因功能信息，并可视化 GO 有向非循环图（DAG）上的相关功能特征，分析 BLAST、GO-mapping、GO 注释分析和富集分析结果。

Blast2GO Command Line (CLI) 的使用需要满足 Java 与 MySQL 的预安装。

Blast2GO Command Line (CLI) is a Java application and can be run on Mac, Linux and Windows 64-bit systems. It is always necessary to have Java 64-bit (version 1.6 or higher preferably from Sun/Oracle) installed, at least 1GB of RAM is recommended. The Blast2GO Command Line needs a Blast2GO database (DB) to perform the mapping step. This DB can be generated with the CLI itself; however the previous installation and configuration of a MySQL server (GPL license) is necessary.

From：Blast2GO Command Line User Manual

作为 Blast2GO 本地化所依赖的数据库，下面我们介绍一下 MySQL 的安装配置、存储位置修改及新版中低级密码设置不允许的解决方法。

一、MySQL 各个版本区别

MySQL 的官网下载地址 https://www.mysql.com/downloads/ 的界面会有几个版本的选择，这几个版本的区别如下。

• Oracle MySQL Cloud Service (commercial)。
  基于 MySQL 企业版构建的 Oracle MySQL 云服务，由 Oracle Cloud 提供技术支持，提供企业级的 MySQL 数据库服务，需付费。

• MySQL Enterprise Edition (commercial)。
  MySQL 企业版本，包含了最全面的 MySQL 高级特性和管理工具。需付费，可以试用30天。

• MySQL Cluster CGE (commercial)。
  MySQL 高级集群版，是一个实时开源事务数据库，专为在高吞吐量条件下快速，永久地访问数据而设计。需付费。

• MySQL Community Edition (GPL)。
  MySQL 社区版本，开源免费，但不提供官方技术支持。

MySQL Community Edition(社区免费版，https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/) 又分为 MySQL Community Server、MySQL Cluster、MySQL Router、MySQL Shell、MySQL Workbench、MySQL on Windows、…、MySQL SUSE Repository 等根据不同的操作系统平台细分为多个版本。其中 MySQL Community Server 是开源免费的，这也是我们通常用的 MySQL 的版本。

二、MySQL 免安装版

MySQL 提供了 rpm、源码、免安装等多种安装方式，其中通过源码编译安装是比较耗时，过程相对复杂的一个过程。对于不想使用源码编译安装的童鞋，MySQL 提供了免安装直接解压可用的版本。

wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-8.0/mysql-8.0.12-el7-x86_64.tar.gz

三、MySQL 源码包下载

我们以 CentOS/RedHat 平台为例来说明。进入 MySQL Community Server 下载页面 https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/ ，在适合 Linux 系统的 Source Code 源码中选择带有 Boost 头的压缩包（MySQL 需要 Boost C++ 库构建）进行下载。

• Source Code：源代码下载

• Generic Linux (Architecture Independent)：通用的 Linux（独立结构）。
  

• 点击下载，需要注册 Oracle 账号，这里不细说。
  

$ wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-boost-8.0.12.tar.gz

• 其他下载版本

如果想要下载其他版本的 MySQL，可以在 https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/ 选择符合自己服务器的版本进行下载。

四、MySQL 源码编译安装

1. 安装依赖包

[root@ecs-steven ~]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel cmake bison doxygen

2. 新建 MySQL 用户和用户组

[root@ecs-steven ~]# groupadd -r mysql && useradd -r -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql

3. 新建 MySQL 数据库数据文件目录

[root@ecs-steven ~]# mkdir /usr/local/software/mysql
# mysql-8.0.12 中可以不用新建数据保存的路径，在初始化 MySQL 数据库时可通过 --datadir 参数自动生成
[root@ecs-steven ~]# mkdir /usr/local/software/mysql/{log,data} -p

Tip：真实的生产环境一般来说会把数据独立放在根目录下，方便磁盘挂载上去。

4. 执行预编译

[root@ecs-steven mysql-8.0.12]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/software/mysql \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/software/mysql/data \
-DWITH_BOOST=./boost \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8mb4_general_ci \
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
-DWITH_SSL=system \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/software/mysql/mysqld.sock

各个参数解释：(详细说明，参考 MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual - 2.8.4 MySQL Source-Configuration Options)

-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/software/mysql  //安装路径
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/software/mysql/data    //数据文件存放位置
-DWITH_BOOST=./boost                              //指定 boost 的位置
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc                                 //设置 my.cnf 配置文件的所在目录，默认为安装目录 
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1                  //安装 InnoDB 引擎
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1                 //安装 blackhole 存储引擎
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1                   //安装 archive 存储引擎
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1                    //安装 myisam 存储引擎
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1                 //安装支持数据库分区 
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1                          //允许从本地导入数据
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4                         //存储 emoji 时使用 utf8 数据会出错，建议使用完全兼容 utf8 的 utf8mb4
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8mb4_general_ci            //设置默认校对规则
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1                          //嵌入式服务器，MySQL 8.0 起该参数已经被移除
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all                              //安装所有扩展字符集
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306                             //指定 TCP 端口为 3306    
-DWITH_SSL=system                                 //启用系统 OpenSSL 库支持（yes 等同于 system ）
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/software/mysql/mysqld.sock //指定 mysql.sock 路径

5. 编译安装

[root@ecs-steven mysql-8.0.12]# make -j `grep processor /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l`
#编译很消耗系统资源，小内存可能编译通不过
[root@ecs-steven mysql-8.0.12]# make install

6. 配置 my.cnf 文件

MySQL 服务器有许多操作参数，我们可以使用命令行选项或配置文件（option files）在服务器启动时更改这些参数。

在 Windows 上，MySQL 安装程序会在基本安装目录中创建名为 my.ini 的文件作为默认选项文件（没有的话，可以自行创建）。在 Linux 中，MySQL 服务会依次从 /etc/my.cnf、/etc/mysql/my.cnf、/usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf、~/.my.cnf 读取默认的 my.cnf 配置文件；在命令行下可使用 mysqld —verbose —help 命令查看 MySQL 读取配置文件后启动的参数。

[root@ecs-steven etc]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/software/mysql/mysqld.sock
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/software/mysql/mysqld.sock
basedir = /usr/local/software/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/software/mysql/data
pid-file = /usr/local/software/mysql/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
server-id = 1
init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8mb4'
character-set-server = utf8mb4
back_log = 300
max_connections = 1000
max_connect_errors = 6000
open_files_limit = 65535
table_open_cache = 128
max_allowed_packet = 4M
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_heap_table_size = 8M
tmp_table_size = 16M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
join_buffer_size = 8M
key_buffer_size = 4M
thread_cache_size = 8
ft_min_word_len = 4
log_bin = mysql-bin
binlog_format = mixed
log_error = /usr/local/software/mysql/data/mysql-error.log
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 1
slow_query_log_file = /usr/local/software/mysql/data/mysql-slow.log
performance_schema = 0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
skip-external-locking
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
#default-storage-engine = MyISAM
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_open_files = 500
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 64M
innodb_write_io_threads = 4
innodb_read_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_purge_threads = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M
innodb_log_file_size = 32M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
interactive_timeout = 28800
wait_timeout = 28800
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer = 4M
write_buffer = 4M

7. 初始化 MySQL 数据库

[root@ecs-steven mysql-5.7.13]# /usr/local/software/mysql/bin/mysqld  --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/software/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/software/mysql/data

8. MySQL 服务启动与关闭

mysqld_safe is the recommended way to start a mysqld server on Unix. mysqld_safe adds some safety features such as restarting the server when an error occurs and logging runtime information to an error log.

From 4.3.2 mysqld_safe — MySQL Server Startup Script, MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual

# 启动
[root@ecs-steven mysql-8.0.12]# /usr/local/software/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql &
[1] 19351
[root@ecs-steven mysql-8.0.12]# Logging to '/usr/local/software/mysql/data/mysql-error.log'.
2018-09-21T08:51:39.325794Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/software/mysql/data
# 关闭
[root@ecs-steven ~]# /usr/local/software/mysql/bin/mysqladmin shutdown
2018-09-22T01:48:11.500105Z mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /usr/local/software/mysql/data/mysql.pid ended

9. 登陆数据库

$ /usr/local/software/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot

MySQL 第一次安装完成后，是没有设置 root 密码的，直接回车 Enter 即可登陆：

10. 数据库其他配置

10.1 修改 root 账号密码

mysql -u root
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'your password';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
# 我们也可以通过该命令直接重置 root 账号密码

10.2 查看目前的用户账号

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------------------+-----------+
| user             | host      |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql.infoschema | localhost |
| mysql.session    | localhost |
| mysql.sys        | localhost |
| root             | localhost |
+------------------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>

10.3 忘记 root 账号密码

① mysqladmin 关闭失败

[root@ecs-steven ~]# /usr/local/software/mysql/bin/mysqladmin shutdown
mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed
error: 'Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)'

② 停止 mysql 服务

[root@ecs-steven ~]# /usr/local/software/mysql/bin/mysqld stop  # 不起作用
[root@ecs-steven ~]# kill -9 processes

③ 安全模式启动

[root@ecs-steven ~]# /usr/local/software/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables &
[1] 26389
[root@ecs-steven ~]# 2018-11-15T03:10:48.938826Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/software/mysql/data/mysql-error.log'.
2018-11-15T03:10:48.973639Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/software/mysql/data

④ 无密码 root 帐号登陆

[root@ecs-steven ~]# /usr/local/software/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot
#在下面的要求你输入密码的时候，你不用管，直接回车键一敲就过去了
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 8.0.12 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>

⑤ 修改密码，重新登陆

mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'your new password';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> \q
Bye
# 重新登陆测试
[root@ecs-steven ~]# /usr/local/software/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 14
Server version: 8.0.12 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>

⑥ 正常重新启动

[root@ecs-steven mysql]# /usr/local/software/mysql/bin/mysqladmin shutdown -uroot -p
Enter password:
2018-11-15T06:48:33.125907Z mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /usr/local/software/mysql/data/mysql.pid ended
[1]+  Done                    /usr/local/software/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql  (wd: ~)
(wd now: /usr/local/software/mysql)
[root@ecs-steven ~]# /usr/local/software/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql &
[1] 29368
[root@ecs-steven ~]# 2018-11-15T03:36:28.876747Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/software/mysql/data/mysql-error.log'.
2018-11-15T03:36:28.910624Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/software/mysql/data

五、设置启动脚本，开机自启动

注意：如果是使用免安装版本的 MySQL，需要补充 mysql.server 中的 basedir 和 datadir：

basedir=/usr/local/software/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/software/mysql/data

设置 MySQL 开机启动：

[root@ecs-steven ~]# ls -lrt /usr/local/software/mysql
[root@ecs-steven ~]# cp /usr/local/software/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@ecs-steven ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@ecs-steven ~]# systemctl enable mysqld
mysqld.service is not a native service, redirecting to /sbin/chkconfig.
Executing /sbin/chkconfig mysqld on

启动数据库：

[root@ecs-steven ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@ecs-steven ~]# systemctl status mysqld

查看 MySQL 服务进程和端口：

[root@ecs-steven ~]# ps -ef | grep mysql
[root@ecs-steven ~]# netstat -tunpl | grep 3306

参考资料

• Blast2GO Command Line User Manual - Version 1.1 October 2015

• anlan，blast2go 本地化，生信技能树

• 蜗牛，CentOS 7 安装并配置 MySQL 5.6，博客园

• JagoWang，mysql 重置 root 密码及相关问题，GitHub

• Mariana Monteiro，Local Blast2GO Database Installation，Blast2GO Blog

• 2.10.4 Securing the Initial MySQL Account，MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual

• B.5.3.2 How to Reset the Root Password，MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual

• 黄杉，MySQL root密码重置报错：mysqladmin: connect to server at ‘localhost’ failed的解决方案，CSDN