import os
import datetime
#打印时间
def printbar():
nowtime = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
print("\n"+"=========="*8 + "%s"%nowtime)
#mac系统上pytorch和matplotlib在jupyter中同时跑需要更改环境变量
os.environ["KMP_DUPLICATE_LIB_OK"]="TRUE"
准备数据
titanic数据集的目标是根据乘客信息预测他们在Titanic号撞击冰山沉没后能否生存。
结构化数据一般会使用Pandas中的DataFrame进行预处理。
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import torch
from torch import nn
from torch.utils.data import Dataset,DataLoader,TensorDataset
dftrain_raw = pd.read_csv('/content/drive/MyDrive/Colab Notebooks/20天吃掉那只Pytorch/data/titanic/train.csv')
dftest_raw = pd.read_csv('/content/drive/MyDrive/Colab Notebooks/20天吃掉那只Pytorch/data/titanic/test.csv')
dftrain_raw.head(10)
字段说明:
- Survived:0代表死亡,1代表存活【y标签】
- Pclass:乘客所持票类,有三种值(1,2,3) 【转换成onehot编码】
- Name:乘客姓名 【舍去】
- Sex:乘客性别 【转换成bool特征】
- Age:乘客年龄(有缺失) 【数值特征,添加“年龄是否缺失”作为辅助特征】
- SibSp:乘客兄弟姐妹/配偶的个数(整数值) 【数值特征】
- Parch:乘客父母/孩子的个数(整数值)【数值特征】
- Ticket:票号(字符串)【舍去】
- Fare:乘客所持票的价格(浮点数,0-500不等) 【数值特征】
- Cabin:乘客所在船舱(有缺失) 【添加“所在船舱是否缺失”作为辅助特征】
- Embarked:乘客登船港口:S、C、Q(有缺失)【转换成onehot编码,四维度 S,C,Q,nan】
label分布情况
dftrain_raw['Survived'].value_counts()
%matplotlib inline
%config InlineBackend.figure_format = 'png'
ax = dftrain_raw['Survived'].value_counts().plot(kind = 'bar',
figsize = (12,8),fontsize=15,rot = 0)
ax.set_ylabel('Counts',fontsize = 15)
ax.set_xlabel('Survived',fontsize = 15)
plt.show()
年龄分布情况
dftrain_raw['Age']
%matplotlib inline
%config InlineBackend.figure_format = 'png'
ax = dftrain_raw['Age'].plot(kind = 'hist',bins = 20,color= 'purple',
figsize = (12,8),fontsize=15)
ax.set_ylabel('Frequency',fontsize = 15)
ax.set_xlabel('Age',fontsize = 15)
plt.show()
年龄和label的相关性
%matplotlib inline
%config InlineBackend.figure_format = 'png'
ax = dftrain_raw.query('Survived == 0')['Age'].plot(kind = 'density',
figsize = (12,8),fontsize=15)
dftrain_raw.query('Survived == 1')['Age'].plot(kind = 'density',
figsize = (12,8),fontsize=15)
ax.legend(['Survived==0','Survived==1'],fontsize = 12)
ax.set_ylabel('Density',fontsize = 15)
ax.set_xlabel('Age',fontsize = 15)
plt.show()
数据预处理
def preprocessing(dfdata):
dfresult= pd.DataFrame()
#Pclass
dfPclass = pd.get_dummies(dfdata['Pclass']) # 独热编码
dfPclass.columns = ['Pclass_' +str(x) for x in dfPclass.columns ]
dfresult = pd.concat([dfresult,dfPclass],axis = 1)
#Sex
dfSex = pd.get_dummies(dfdata['Sex'])
dfresult = pd.concat([dfresult,dfSex],axis = 1)
#Age
dfresult['Age'] = dfdata['Age'].fillna(0)
dfresult['Age_null'] = pd.isna(dfdata['Age']).astype('int32')
#SibSp,Parch,Fare
dfresult['SibSp'] = dfdata['SibSp']
dfresult['Parch'] = dfdata['Parch']
dfresult['Fare'] = dfdata['Fare']
#Carbin
dfresult['Cabin_null'] = pd.isna(dfdata['Cabin']).astype('int32')
#Embarked
dfEmbarked = pd.get_dummies(dfdata['Embarked'],dummy_na=True)
dfEmbarked.columns = ['Embarked_' + str(x) for x in dfEmbarked.columns]
dfresult = pd.concat([dfresult,dfEmbarked],axis = 1)
return(dfresult)
x_train = preprocessing(dftrain_raw).values
y_train = dftrain_raw[['Survived']].values
x_test = preprocessing(dftest_raw).values
y_test = dftest_raw[['Survived']].values
print("x_train.shape =", x_train.shape )
print("x_test.shape =", x_test.shape )
print("y_train.shape =", y_train.shape )
print("y_test.shape =", y_test.shape )
进一步使用DataLoader和TensorDataset封装成可以迭代的数据管道。
dl_train = DataLoader(TensorDataset(torch.tensor(x_train).float(),torch.tensor(y_train).float()),
shuffle = True, batch_size = 8)
dl_valid = DataLoader(TensorDataset(torch.tensor(x_test).float(),torch.tensor(y_test).float()),
shuffle = False, batch_size = 8)
# 测试数据管道
for features,labels in dl_train:
print(features,labels)
break
定义模型
使用Pytorch通常有三种方式构建模型:
使用nn.Sequential按层顺序构建模型 ;
继承nn.Module基类构建自定义模型;
继承nn.Module基类构建模型并辅助应用模型容器进行封装。
此处选择使用最简单的nn.Sequential,按层顺序模型。
def create_net():
net = nn.Sequential()
net.add_module("linear1",nn.Linear(15,20))
net.add_module("relu1",nn.ReLU())
net.add_module("linear2",nn.Linear(20,15))
net.add_module("relu2",nn.ReLU())
net.add_module("linear3",nn.Linear(15,1))
net.add_module("sigmoid",nn.Sigmoid())
return net
net = create_net()
print(net)
训练模型
Pytorch通常需要用户编写自定义训练循环,训练循环的代码风格因人而异。
有3类典型的训练循环代码风格:
脚本形式训练循环;
函数形式训练循环;
类形式训练循环。
此处介绍一种较通用的脚本形式。
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score
loss_func = nn.BCELoss()
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(params=net.parameters(),lr = 0.01)
metric_func = lambda y_pred,y_true: accuracy_score(y_true.data.numpy(),y_pred.data.numpy()>0.5)
metric_name = "accuracy"
epochs = 10
log_step_freq = 30
dfhistory = pd.DataFrame(columns = ["epoch","loss",metric_name,"val_loss","val_"+metric_name])
print("Start Training...")
nowtime = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
print("=========="*8 + "%s"%nowtime)
for epoch in range(1,epochs+1):
# 1,训练循环-------------------------------------------------
net.train()
loss_sum = 0.0
metric_sum = 0.0
step = 1
for step, (features,labels) in enumerate(dl_train, 1):
# 梯度清零
optimizer.zero_grad()
# 正向传播求损失
predictions = net(features)
loss = loss_func(predictions,labels)
metric = metric_func(predictions,labels)
# 反向传播求梯度
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
# 打印batch级别日志
loss_sum += loss.item()
metric_sum += metric.item()
if step%log_step_freq == 0:
print(("[step = %d] loss: %.3f, "+metric_name+": %.3f") %
(step, loss_sum/step, metric_sum/step))
# 2,验证循环-------------------------------------------------
net.eval()
val_loss_sum = 0.0
val_metric_sum = 0.0
val_step = 1
for val_step, (features,labels) in enumerate(dl_valid, 1):
# 关闭梯度计算
with torch.no_grad():
predictions = net(features)
val_loss = loss_func(predictions,labels)
val_metric = metric_func(predictions,labels)
val_loss_sum += val_loss.item()
val_metric_sum += val_metric.item()
# 3,记录日志-------------------------------------------------
info = (epoch, loss_sum/step, metric_sum/step,
val_loss_sum/val_step, val_metric_sum/val_step)
dfhistory.loc[epoch-1] = info
# 打印epoch级别日志
print(("\nEPOCH = %d, loss = %.3f,"+ metric_name + \
" = %.3f, val_loss = %.3f, "+"val_"+ metric_name+" = %.3f")
%info)
nowtime = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
print("\n"+"=========="*8 + "%s"%nowtime)
print('Finished Training...')
评估模型
我们首先评估一下模型在训练集和验证集上的效果。
dfhistory
%matplotlib inline
%config InlineBackend.figure_format = 'svg'
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def plot_metric(dfhistory, metric):
train_metrics = dfhistory[metric]
val_metrics = dfhistory['val_'+metric]
epochs = range(1, len(train_metrics) + 1)
plt.plot(epochs, train_metrics, 'bo--')
plt.plot(epochs, val_metrics, 'ro-')
plt.title('Training and validation '+ metric)
plt.xlabel("Epochs")
plt.ylabel(metric)
plt.legend(["train_"+metric, 'val_'+metric])
plt.show()
plot_metric(dfhistory,"loss")
plot_metric(dfhistory,"accuracy")
使用模型
#预测概率
y_pred_probs = net(torch.tensor(x_test[0:10]).float()).data
y_pred_probs
#预测类别
y_pred = torch.where(y_pred_probs>0.5,
torch.ones_like(y_pred_probs),torch.zeros_like(y_pred_probs))
y_pred
保存模型
Pytorch 有两种保存模型的方式,都是通过调用pickle序列化方法实现的。
第一种方法只保存模型参数;
第二种方法保存完整模型。
推荐使用第一种,第二种方法可能在切换设备和目录的时候出现各种问题。
1、保存模型参数(推荐)
print(net.state_dict().keys())
# 保存模型参数
torch.save(net.state_dict(), "/content/drive/MyDrive/Colab Notebooks/20天吃掉那只Pytorch/一、Pytorch的建模流程/model/1_1_net_parameter.pkl")
net_clone = create_net()
net_clone.load_state_dict(torch.load("/content/drive/MyDrive/Colab Notebooks/20天吃掉那只Pytorch/一、Pytorch的建模流程/model/1_1_net_parameter.pkl"))
net_clone.forward(torch.tensor(x_test[0:10]).float()).data
2、保存完整模型(不推荐)
torch.save(net, '/content/drive/MyDrive/Colab Notebooks/20天吃掉那只Pytorch/一、Pytorch的建模流程/model/1_1_net_model.pkl')
net_loaded = torch.load('/content/drive/MyDrive/Colab Notebooks/20天吃掉那只Pytorch/一、Pytorch的建模流程/model/1_1_net_model.pkl')
net_loaded(torch.tensor(x_test[0:10]).float()).data