Dubbo配置介绍
Dubbo支持的配置默认有四种来源:
- JVM System Properties,-D 参数;
- Externalized Configuration,外部化配置;
- ServiceConfig、ReferenceConfig 等编程接口采集的配置;
- 本地配置文件 dubbo.properties;
配置的覆盖关系如下:
image
2 动态配置中心
配置中心在 Dubbo 中承担两个职责:
- 外部化配置。启动配置的集中式存储 (简单理解为 dubbo.properties 的外部化存储)。
- 服务治理。服务治理规则的存储与通知。
例如:
<dubbo:config-center address="zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181"/>
3 ConfigCenterBean
ConfigCenterBean
可以设置配置中心地址、连接超时时间、是否优先级最高等。还可以设置连接配置中心的用户名、密码。
3.1 includeSpringEnv属性
includeSpringEnv
用于设置是否需要从spring的Environment
对象(注意dubbo也有一个Environment
对象,两个对象不是一个类)中获取配置信息。默认为false
。ConfigCenterBean
实现了EnvironmentAware
接口,在启动的时候会调用setEnvironment()
方法:
public void setEnvironment(Environment environment) {
if (includeSpringEnv) {
// Get PropertySource mapped to 'dubbo.properties' in Spring Environment.
setExternalConfig(getConfigurations(getConfigFile(), environment));
// Get PropertySource mapped to 'application.dubbo.properties' in Spring Environment.
setAppExternalConfig(getConfigurations(StringUtils.isNotEmpty(getAppConfigFile()) ? getAppConfigFile() : ("application." + getConfigFile()), environment));
}
}
如果includeSpringEnv
设置为true
,那么将从spring
的Environment
对象中读取key为“dubbo.properties”和“application.dubbo.properties”的配置值,并分别设置给属性externalConfiguration
和appExternalConfiguration
。
DubboBootstrap
会对Environment
初始化,初始化的时候将ConfigCenterBean
的externalConfiguration
和appExternalConfiguration
的值设置到Environment
对象的externalConfigurationMap
和appExternalConfigurationMap
。
public void initialize() throws IllegalStateException {
ConfigManager configManager = ApplicationModel.getConfigManager();
Optional<Collection<ConfigCenterConfig>> defaultConfigs = configManager.getDefaultConfigCenter();
defaultConfigs.ifPresent(configs -> {
for (ConfigCenterConfig config : configs) {
//externalConfigurationMap和appExternalConfigurationMap是Map对象
this.setExternalConfigMap(config.getExternalConfiguration());
this.setAppExternalConfigMap(config.getAppExternalConfiguration());
}
});
}
4 配置中心初始化
DubboBootstrap
初始化(initialize
方法)时要调用startConfigCenter
方法,该方法代码如下:
private void startConfigCenter() {
//获取所有ConfigCenterConfig对象,ConfigCenterBean是其子类,其实这个位置获得是ConfigCenterBean对象
Collection<ConfigCenterConfig> configCenters = configManager.getConfigCenters();
if (CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(configCenters)) {
CompositeDynamicConfiguration compositeDynamicConfiguration = new CompositeDynamicConfiguration();
//遍历每个ConfigCenterBean对象
for (ConfigCenterConfig configCenter : configCenters) {
//使用java系统属性等设置ConfigCenterBean对象的属性
configCenter.refresh();
//校验ConfigCenterBean对象的parameters是否合法
ConfigValidationUtils.validateConfigCenterConfig(configCenter);
//prepareEnvironment方法建立与配置中心的连接,拉取配置数据,并保存到本地
compositeDynamicConfiguration.addConfiguration(prepareEnvironment(configCenter));
}
environment.setDynamicConfiguration(compositeDynamicConfiguration);
}
//使用配置中心的配置更新如下对象的属性:
//ApplicationConfig、MonitorConfig、ModuleConfig、ProtocolConfig、RegistryConfig、
//ProviderConfig、ConsumerConfig。
//更新对象属性时,使用如下规则搜索配置:dubbo.类名去掉Config.id值.属性名,
//比如更新id为“test”的ProviderConfig的threads属性时,
//从配置中心搜索key=dubbo.provider.test.threads,如果能找到就更新threads属性。
configManager.refreshAll();
}
private DynamicConfiguration prepareEnvironment(ConfigCenterConfig configCenter) {
//ConfigCenterConfig必须配置address,否则为无效
if (configCenter.isValid()) {
if (!configCenter.checkOrUpdateInited()) {
return null;
}
//构建连接配置中心的url,url中包含了ip、端口、协议等
//getDynamicConfiguration根据url的协议使用SPI创建DynamicConfiguration对象
//DynamicConfiguration对象建立与配置中心的连接
DynamicConfiguration dynamicConfiguration = getDynamicConfiguration(configCenter.toUrl());
//从配置中心拉取key=dubbo.properties,group=dubbo的值(这两个值都是默认值,我们可以通过修改属性configFile来修改key)
String configContent = dynamicConfiguration.getProperties(configCenter.getConfigFile(), configCenter.getGroup());
String appGroup = getApplication().getName();
String appConfigContent = null;
if (isNotEmpty(appGroup)) {
//从配置中心拉取应用配置,group是应用名,key是appConfigFile的值,
//如果appConfigFile=null,则使用configFile,
//默认是使用configFile的值,也就是dubbo.properties
appConfigContent = dynamicConfiguration.getProperties
(isNotEmpty(configCenter.getAppConfigFile()) ? configCenter.getAppConfigFile() : configCenter.getConfigFile(),
appGroup
);
}
try {
environment.setConfigCenterFirst(configCenter.isHighestPriority())
//将配置信息保存到Environment的Map属性中,后面的配置会覆盖之前的
environment.updateExternalConfigurationMap(parseProperties(configContent));
environment.updateAppExternalConfigurationMap(parseProperties(appConfigContent));
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to parse configurations from Config Center.", e);
}
return dynamicConfiguration;
}
return null;
}
上面的代码是创建动态配置中心并连接配置中心拉取数据。
4.1 DynamicConfiguration
DynamicConfiguration
是Configuration
的子接口,用于连接外部配置,具体实现类包括:
ZookeeperDynamicConfiguration
NacosDynamicConfiguration
ConsulDynamicConfiguration
FileSystemDynamicConfiguration
下面介绍ZookeeperDynamicConfiguration
创建连接和监听。
4.2 ZookeeperDynamicConfiguration
Zookeeper默认所有的配置都存储在 /dubbo/config
节点,具体节点结构图如下:
image
namespace
,用于不同配置的环境隔离;config
,Dubbo约定的固定节点,不可更改,所有配置和服务治理规则都存储在此节点下;dubbo/application
,分别用来隔离全局配置、应用级别配置:dubbo是默认group值,application对应应用名;dubbo.properties
,此节点的node value存储具体配置内容;
4.3 创建连接
prepareEnvironment
方法通过getDynamicConfiguration
方法获取与动态配置中心的连接。
static DynamicConfiguration getDynamicConfiguration(URL connectionURL) {
//获取连接配置中心使用的协议,下面分析以zk为例
String protocol = connectionURL.getProtocol();
//使用SPI加载DynamicConfigurationFactory对象,其支持的协议以及对应的类可以参见文件
//org.apache.dubbo.common.config.configcenter.DynamicConfigurationFactory。
DynamicConfigurationFactory factory = getDynamicConfigurationFactory(protocol);
//使用DynamicConfigurationFactory创建DynamicConfiguration
return factory.getDynamicConfiguration(connectionURL);
}
static DynamicConfigurationFactory getDynamicConfigurationFactory(String name) {
Class<DynamicConfigurationFactory> factoryClass = DynamicConfigurationFactory.class;
ExtensionLoader<DynamicConfigurationFactory> loader = getExtensionLoader(factoryClass);
return loader.getOrDefaultExtension(name);
}
下面以创建ZookeeperDynamicConfiguration
为例,构造动态配置中心。
ZookeeperDynamicConfiguration(URL url, ZookeeperTransporter zookeeperTransporter) {
this.url = url;
//构建访问配置中心的根路径,默认是:/dubbo/config/
rootPath = PATH_SEPARATOR + url.getParameter(CONFIG_NAMESPACE_KEY, DEFAULT_GROUP) + "/config";
initializedLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
//创建监听器
this.cacheListener = new CacheListener(rootPath, initializedLatch);
//创建单个线程,用于处理被监听的事件
this.executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1, new NamedThreadFactory(this.getClass().getSimpleName(), true));
//建立与配置中心的连接
zkClient = zookeeperTransporter.connect(url);
//设置监听器和监听目录
zkClient.addDataListener(rootPath, cacheListener, executor);
try {
//可以通过ConfigCenterBean的parameters设置init.timeout的值,init.timeout表示建立链接的超时时间
long timeout = url.getParameter("init.timeout", 5000);
boolean isCountDown = this.initializedLatch.await(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
if (!isCountDown) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to receive INITIALIZED event from zookeeper, pls. check if url "
+ url + " is correct");
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
logger.warn("Failed to build local cache for config center (zookeeper)." + url);
}
}
4.4 监听配置中心
建立与配置中心链接时,在ZookeeperDynamicConfiguration
的构造方法中设置监听器CacheListener
,CacheListener
将监听rootPath路径。
//该方法用于设置监听zk的指定目录
public void addDataListener(String path, DataListener listener, Executor executor) {
//listeners是一个两层map对象,类型如下:
//ConcurrentMap<String, ConcurrentMap<DataListener, TargetDataListener>>
//最外层的map,key是被监听的路径,内层的map,key和value都是监听器,
//其区别是value可以认为是对key的封装,在本代码中key是CacheListener,value是CuratorWatcherImpl。
ConcurrentMap<DataListener, TargetDataListener> dataListenerMap = listeners.get(path);
if (dataListenerMap == null) {
listeners.putIfAbsent(path, new ConcurrentHashMap<DataListener, TargetDataListener>());
dataListenerMap = listeners.get(path);
}
TargetDataListener targetListener = dataListenerMap.get(listener);
if (targetListener == null) {
//createTargetDataListener创建目标监听器,方法见下面[1]
dataListenerMap.putIfAbsent(listener, createTargetDataListener(path, listener));
targetListener = dataListenerMap.get(listener);
}
//访问zk将targetListener注册为监听器,方法代码见[2]
addTargetDataListener(path, targetListener, executor);
}
//[1] 以zk为配置中心为例
protected CuratorZookeeperClient.CuratorWatcherImpl createTargetDataListener(String path, DataListener listener) {
return new CuratorWatcherImpl(client, listener);
}
//[2]
public List<String> addTargetChildListener(String path, CuratorWatcherImpl listener) {
try {
return client.getChildren().usingWatcher(listener).forPath(path);
} catch (NoNodeException e) {
return null;
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new IllegalStateException(e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
addDataListener
方法的监听器其实是CuratorWatcherImpl
,CuratorWatcherImpl
的代码如下:
static class CuratorWatcherImpl implements CuratorWatcher, TreeCacheListener {
private CuratorFramework client;
private volatile ChildListener childListener;
private volatile DataListener dataListener;
private String path;
//createTargetDataListener方法调用下面的方法创建CuratorWatcherImpl对象,
//从方法入参DataListener可以看出,只监听zk节点数据的变化
public CuratorWatcherImpl(CuratorFramework client, DataListener dataListener) {
this.dataListener = dataListener;
}
//...
//代码删减
//当数据有变化时,通知调用下面的方法
//本方法主要是做类型的转换,然后调用CacheListener通知数据变化
@Override
public void childEvent(CuratorFramework client, TreeCacheEvent event) throws Exception {
if (dataListener != null) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("listen the zookeeper changed. The changed data:" + event.getData());
}
TreeCacheEvent.Type type = event.getType();
EventType eventType = null;
String content = null;
String path = null;
switch (type) {
case NODE_ADDED:
eventType = EventType.NodeCreated;
path = event.getData().getPath();
content = event.getData().getData() == null ? "" : new String(event.getData().getData(), CHARSET);
break;
case NODE_UPDATED:
eventType = EventType.NodeDataChanged;
path = event.getData().getPath();
content = event.getData().getData() == null ? "" : new String(event.getData().getData(), CHARSET);
break;
case NODE_REMOVED:
path = event.getData().getPath();
eventType = EventType.NodeDeleted;
break;
case INITIALIZED:
eventType = EventType.INITIALIZED;
break;
case CONNECTION_LOST:
eventType = EventType.CONNECTION_LOST;
break;
case CONNECTION_RECONNECTED:
eventType = EventType.CONNECTION_RECONNECTED;
break;
case CONNECTION_SUSPENDED:
eventType = EventType.CONNECTION_SUSPENDED;
break;
}
//调用CacheListener,下面介绍该方法
dataListener.dataChanged(path, content, eventType);
}
}
}
CacheListener
的dataChanged
方法如下:
public void dataChanged(String path, Object value, EventType eventType) {
if (eventType == null) {
return;
}
//当发生INITIALIZED类型的事件时,表示客户端缓存数据同步成功之后可以与zk服务端正常交互,
//在ZookeeperDynamicConfiguration构造方法中,调用initializedLatch.await方法等待该事件,
//默认等待5s,超时抛出异常
if (eventType == EventType.INITIALIZED) {
initializedLatch.countDown();
return;
}
if (path == null || (value == null && eventType != EventType.NodeDeleted)) {
return;
}
// TODO We only care the changes happened on a specific path level, for example
// /dubbo/config/dubbo/configurators, other config changes not in this level will be ignored
//本监听器对路径深度有检查,深度至少是四级
if (path.split("/").length >= MIN_PATH_DEPTH) {
//获取key值,也就是路径中最后一个“/”后面的内容
String key = pathToKey(path);
ConfigChangeType changeType;
//本监听器只处理下面三种事件:增加、删除、修改
switch (eventType) {
case NodeCreated:
changeType = ConfigChangeType.ADDED;
break;
case NodeDeleted:
changeType = ConfigChangeType.DELETED;
break;
case NodeDataChanged:
changeType = ConfigChangeType.MODIFIED;
break;
default:
return;
}
//创建事件ConfigChangedEvent
ConfigChangedEvent configChangeEvent = new ConfigChangedEvent(key, getGroup(path), (String) value, changeType);
//通知各个监听器
//CacheListener其实是一个复合监听器,包含了多个子监听器
//CacheListener根据被监听路径将ConfigChangedEvent事件发送给对应的监听器
Set<ConfigurationListener> listeners = keyListeners.get(path);
if (CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(listeners)) {
listeners.forEach(listener -> listener.process(configChangeEvent));
}
}
}
CacheListener
是一个复合监听器,其持有一个监听器集合,当指定目录下的数据发生变化时,通知集合中的监听器,这个集合可以包含的监听器如下:
- ServiceConfigurationListener:监听目录:/dubbo/config/dubbo/接口+ : version : goup+.configurators;
- ProviderConfigurationListener:监听目录:/dubbo/config/dubbo/ApplicationConfig的name值+.configurators;
- ConsumerConfigurationListener:监听目录:/dubbo/config/dubbo/ApplicationConfig的name值+.configurators;
- ReferenceConfigurationListener:监听目录:/dubbo/config/dubbo/接口名+: version : goup+.configurators;
- TagRouter“:监听目录:/dubbo/config/dubbo/remote.application属性值+.tag-router;
- ServiceRouter:监听目录:/dubbo/config/dubbo/接口名+: version: goup+.condition-router;
- AppRouter监听目录:/dubbo/config/dubbo/应用名+.condition-router
上面这些监听器都是在其构造方法中将自身作为监听器添加到CacheListener
的listeners中。
下面简单介绍前四个监听器的作用:
- ServiceConfigurationListener:根据修改后的配置,重新发布服务;
- ProviderConfigurationListener:根据修改后的配置,重新发布服务;
- ReferenceConfigurationListener:根据修改后的配置,重新建立对远程服务的引用;
- ConsumerConfigurationListener:根据修改后的配置,重新建立对远程服务的引用;
因为ProviderConfigurationListener
和ConsumerConfigurationListener
监听应用目录,如果dubbo应用发布的服务或者引用的服务比较多,则会造成dubbo修改配置有延时。
如果需要修改配置,可以在配置中心修改相应目录下的数据,这样上述监听器便监听到数据变化,进而修改本地配置。dubbo不会自动向这些目录下存储配置数据。