简介
Lombok 是一款好用顺手的工具,就像 Google Guava 一样。可用来帮助开发人员消除 Java 的冗长代码
,尤其是对于简单的 Java 对象(POJO)。它通过注释实现这一目的。
通过在开发环境中实现 Lombok,开发人员可以节省构建诸如hashCode()
和equals()
这样的方法以及以往用来分类各种 accessor 和 mutator 的大量时间。
IntelliJ 安装 Lombok
- 通过 IntelliJ 的插件中心安装
- Install Plugin
- 导入 lombok 包
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.16.8</version>
</dependency>
Lombok 注解大全说明
val
:用在局部变量前面,相当于将变量声明为 final@NonNull
:给方法参数增加这个注解,会自动在方法内对该参数进行是否为空的校验,如果为空,则抛出 NPE(NullPointerException)@Cleanup
:自动管理资源,用在局部变量之前,在当前变量范围内即将执行完毕退出之前会自动清理资源,自动生成 try-finally 这样的代码来关闭流@Getter/@Setter
:用在属性上,再也不用自己手写 setter 和 getter 方法了,还可以指定访问范围@ToString
:用在类上,可以自动覆写 toString 方法,当然还可以加其他参数,例如@ToString(exclude=”id”)排除 id 属性,或者@ToString(callSuper=true, includeFieldNames=true)调用父类的 toString 方法,包含所有属性@EqualsAndHashCode
:用在类上,自动生成 equals 方法和 hashCode 方法@NoArgsConstructor, @RequiredArgsConstructor and @AllArgsConstructor
:用在类上,自动生成无参构造和使用所有参数的构造函数以及把所有@NonNull 属性作为参数的构造函数,如果指定 staticName = “of”参数,同时还会生成一个返回类对象的静态工厂方法,比使用构造函数方便很多@Data
:注解在类上,相当于同时使用了@ToString、@EqualsAndHashCod- e、@Getter、@Setter 和@RequiredArgsConstrutor 这些注解,对于 POJO 类十分有用@Value
:用在类上,是@Data 的不可变形式,相当于为属性添加 final 声明,只提供 getter 方法,而不提供 setter 方法@Builder
:用在类、构造器、方法上,为你提供复杂的 builder APIs,让你可以像如下方式一样调用 Person.builder().name(“Adam Savage”).city(“San Francisco”).job(“Mythbusters”).job(“Unchained Reaction”).build();更多说明参考 Builder@SneakyThrows
:自动抛受检异常,而无需显式在方法上使用 throws 语句@Synchronized
:用在方法上,将方法声明为同步的,并自动加锁,而锁对象是一个私有的属性 或LOCK,而 java 中的 synchronized 关键字锁对象是 this,锁在 this 或者自己的类对象上存在副作用,就是你不能阻止非受控代码去锁 this 或者类对象,这可能会导致竞争条件或者其它线程错误@Getter(lazy=true)
:可以替代经典的 Double Check Lock 样板代码@Log
:根据不同的注解生成不同类型的 log 对象,但是实例名称都是 log,有六种可选实现类@CommonsLog
Creates log = org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory.getLog(LogExample.class);@Log
Creates log = java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(LogExample.class.getName());@Log4j
Creates log = org.apache.log4j.Logger.getLogger(LogExample.class);@Log4j2
Creates log = org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager.getLogger(LogExample.class);@Slf4j
Creates log = org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getLogger(LogExample.class);@XSlf4j
Creates log = org.slf4j.ext.XLoggerFactory.getXLogger(LogExample.class);
Lombok 代码示例
val 示例
public static void main(String[] args) {
val sets = new HashSet<String>();
val lists = new ArrayList<String>();
val maps = new HashMap<String, String>();
//=>相当于如下
final Set<String> sets2 = new HashSet<>();
final List<String> lists2 = new ArrayList<>();
final Map<String, String> maps2 = new HashMap<>();
}
@NonNull 示例
public void notNullExample(@NonNull String string) {
string.length();
}
//=>相当于
public void notNullExample(String string) {
if (string != null) {
string.length();
} else {
throw new NullPointerException("null");
}
}
@Cleanup 示例
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
@Cleanup InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(args[0]);
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//=>相当于
InputStream inputStream = null;
try {
inputStream = new FileInputStream(args[0]);
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (inputStream != null) {
try {
inputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
@Getter/@Setter 示例
@Setter(AccessLevel.PUBLIC)
@Getter(AccessLevel.PROTECTED)
private int id;
private String shap;
@ToString 示例
@ToString(exclude = "id", callSuper = true, includeFieldNames = true)
public class LombokDemo {
private int id;
private String name;
private int age;
public static void main(String[] args) {
//输出LombokDemo(super=LombokDemo@48524010, name=null, age=0)
System.out.println(new LombokDemo());
}
}
@EqualsAndHashCode 示例
@EqualsAndHashCode(exclude = {"id", "shape"}, callSuper = false)
public class LombokDemo {
private int id;
private String shap;
}
@NoArgsConstructor, @RequiredArgsConstructor ,@AllArgsConstructor 示例
@NoArgsConstructor
@RequiredArgsConstructor(staticName = "of")
@AllArgsConstructor
public class LombokDemo {
@NonNull
private int id;
@NonNull
private String shap;
private int age;
public static void main(String[] args) {
new LombokDemo(1, "circle");
//使用静态工厂方法
LombokDemo.of(2, "circle");
//无参构造
new LombokDemo();
//包含所有参数
new LombokDemo(1, "circle", 2);
}
}
@Data 示例
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class Menu {
private String shopId;
private String skuMenuId;
private String skuName;
private String normalizeSkuName;
private String dishMenuId;
private String dishName;
private String dishNum;
//默认阈值
private float thresHold = 0;
//新阈值
private float newThresHold = 0;
//总得分
private float totalScore = 0;
}
@Value 示例
@Value
public class LombokDemo {
@NonNull
private int id;
@NonNull
private String shap;
private int age;
//相当于
private final int id;
public int getId() {
return this.id;
}
...
}
@Builder 示例
@Builder
public class BuilderExample {
private String name;
private int age;
@Singular
private Set<String> occupations;
public static void main(String[] args) {
BuilderExample test = BuilderExample.builder().age(11).name("test").build();
}
}
@SneakyThrows 示例
import lombok.SneakyThrows;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
public class Test {
@SneakyThrows()
public void read() {
InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream("");
}
@SneakyThrows
public void write() {
throw new UnsupportedEncodingException();
}
//相当于
public void read() throws FileNotFoundException {
InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream("");
}
public void write() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
throw new UnsupportedEncodingException();
}
}
@Synchronized 示例
public class SynchronizedDemo {
@Synchronized
public static void hello() {
System.out.println("world");
}
//相当于
private static final Object $LOCK = new Object[0];
public static void hello() {
synchronized ($LOCK) {
System.out.println("world");
}
}
}
@Getter(lazy = true)
public class GetterLazyExample {
@Getter(lazy = true)
private final double[] cached = expensive();
private double[] expensive() {
double[] result = new double[1000000];
for (int i = 0; i < result.length; i++) {
result[i] = Math.asin(i);
}
return result;
}
}
// 相当于如下所示:
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
public class GetterLazyExample {
private final AtomicReference<java.lang.Object> cached = new AtomicReference<>();
public double[] getCached() {
java.lang.Object value = this.cached.get();
if (value == null) {
synchronized (this.cached) {
value = this.cached.get();
if (value == null) {
final double[] actualValue = expensive();
value = actualValue == null ? this.cached : actualValue;
this.cached.set(value);
}
}
}
return (double[]) (value == this.cached ? null : value);
}
private double[] expensive() {
double[] result = new double[1000000];
for (int i = 0; i < result.length; i++) {
result[i] = Math.asin(i);
}
return result;
}
}