在Spring Boot中集成Shiro进行用户的认证过程主要可以归纳为以下三点:
1、定义一个ShiroConfig,然后配置SecurityManager Bean,SecurityManager为Shiro的安全管理器,管理着所有Subject;
2、在ShiroConfig中配置ShiroFilterFactoryBean,其为Shiro过滤器工厂类,依赖于SecurityManager;
3、自定义Realm实现,Realm包含doGetAuthorizationInfo()
(授权)和doGetAuthenticationInfo()
(认证)方法,因为本文只涉及用户认证,所以只实现doGetAuthenticationInfo()
方法。
引入依赖
首先可根据文章《开启Spring Boot》搭建一个Spring Boot Web程序,然后引入Shiro、MyBatis、数据库和thymeleaf依赖:
<dependencies>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
<version>2.5.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- MyBatis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 通用mapper -->
<dependency>
<groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mapper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.0.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- shiro-spring -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId>
<version>1.8.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.8.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- druid数据源驱动 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.1.10</version>
</dependency>
<!-- oracle驱动 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.oracle.database.jdbc</groupId>
<artifactId>ojdbc8</artifactId>
<version>21.1.0.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.oracle.database.jdbc</groupId>
<artifactId>ucp</artifactId>
<version>21.1.0.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
ShiroConfig
定义一个Shiro配置类,名称为ShiroConfig:
@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {
@Bean
public ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean(SecurityManager securityManager) {
ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
// 设置securityManager
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
// 登录的url
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setLoginUrl("/login");
// 登录成功后跳转的url
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSuccessUrl("/index");
// 未授权url
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setUnauthorizedUrl("/403");
LinkedHashMap<String, String> filterChainDefinitionMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
// 定义filterChain,静态资源不拦截
filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/css/**", "anon");
filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/js/**", "anon");
filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/fonts/**", "anon");
filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/img/**", "anon");
// druid数据源监控页面不拦截
filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/druid/**", "anon");
// 配置退出过滤器,其中具体的退出代码Shiro已经替我们实现了
filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/logout", "logout");
filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/", "anon");
// 除上以外所有url都必须认证通过才可以访问,未通过认证自动访问LoginUrl
filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/**", "authc");
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterChainDefinitionMap);
return shiroFilterFactoryBean;
}
@Bean
public SecurityManager securityManager(){
// 配置SecurityManager,并注入shiroRealm
DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
securityManager.setRealm(shiroRealm());
return securityManager;
}
@Bean
public ShiroRealm shiroRealm(){
// 配置Realm,需自己实现
ShiroRealm shiroRealm = new ShiroRealm();
return shiroRealm;
}
}
需要注意的是filterChain基于短路机制,即最先匹配原则,如:
/user/**=anon
/user/aa=authc 永远不会执行
其中anon
、authc
等为Shiro为我们实现的过滤器,具体如下表所示:
Filter Name | Class | Description |
---|---|---|
anon | org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authc.AnonymousFilter | 匿名拦截器,即不需要登录即可访问;一般用于静态资源过滤;示例/static/**=anon |
authc | org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authc.FormAuthenticationFilter | 基于表单的拦截器;如/**=authc ,如果没有登录会跳到相应的登录页面登录 |
authcBasic | org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authc.BasicHttpAuthenticationFilter | Basic HTTP身份验证拦截器 |
logout | org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authc.LogoutFilter | 退出拦截器,主要属性:redirectUrl:退出成功后重定向的地址(/),示例/logout=logout |
noSessionCreation | org.apache.shiro.web.filter.session.NoSessionCreationFilter | 不创建会话拦截器,调用subject.getSession(false) 不会有什么问题,但是如果 subject.getSession(true) 将抛出 DisabledSessionException 异常 |
perms | org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authz.PermissionsAuthorizationFilter | 权限授权拦截器,验证用户是否拥有所有权限;属性和roles一样;示例/user/**=perms["user:create"] |
port | org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authz.PortFilter | 端口拦截器,主要属性port(80) :可以通过的端口;示例 /test= port[80] ,如果用户访问该页面是非80,将自动将请求端口改为80并重定向到该80端口,其他路径/参数等都一样 |
rest | org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authz.HttpMethodPermissionFilter | rest风格拦截器,自动根据请求方法构建权限字符串;示例/users=rest[user] ,会自动拼出user:read,user:create,user:update,user:delete权限字符串进行权限匹配(所有都得匹配,isPermittedAll) |
roles | org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authz.RolesAuthorizationFilter | 角色授权拦截器,验证用户是否拥有所有角色;示例/admin/**=roles[admin] |
ssl | org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authz.SslFilter | SSL拦截器,只有请求协议是https才能通过;否则自动跳转会https端口443;其他和port拦截器一样; |
user | org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authc.UserFilter | 用户拦截器,用户已经身份验证/记住我登录的都可;示例/**=user |
配置完ShiroConfig后,接下来对Realm进行实现,然后注入到SecurityManager中。
Realm
自定义Realm实现只需继承AuthorizingRealm类,然后实现doGetAuthorizationInfo()
和doGetAuthenticationInfo()
方法即可。这两个方法名乍看有点像,authorization发音[ˌɔ:θəraɪˈzeɪʃn],为授权,批准的意思,即获取用户的角色和权限等信息;authentication发音[ɔ:ˌθentɪ’keɪʃn],认证,身份验证的意思,即登录时验证用户的合法性,比如验证用户名和密码。
public class ShiroRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
@Autowired
private UserMapper userMapper;
/**
* 获取用户角色和权限
*/
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principal) {
return null;
}
/**
* 登录认证
*/
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {
// 获取用户输入的用户名和密码
String userName = (String) token.getPrincipal();
String password = new String((char[]) token.getCredentials());
System.out.println("用户" + userName + "认证-----ShiroRealm.doGetAuthenticationInfo");
// 通过用户名到数据库查询用户信息
User user = userMapper.findByUserName(userName);
if (user == null) {
throw new UnknownAccountException("用户名或密码错误!");
}
if (!password.equals(user.getPassword())) {
throw new IncorrectCredentialsException("用户名或密码错误!");
}
if (user.getStatus().equals("0")) {
throw new LockedAccountException("账号已被锁定,请联系管理员!");
}
SimpleAuthenticationInfo info = new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user, password, getName());
return info;
}
}
因为本节只讲述用户认证,所以doGetAuthorizationInfo()
方法先不进行实现。
其中UnknownAccountException
等异常为Shiro自带异常,Shiro具有丰富的运行时AuthenticationException
层次结构,可以准确指出尝试失败的原因。你可以包装在一个try/catch
块,并捕捉任何你希望的异常,并作出相应的反应。例如:
try {
currentUser.login(token);
} catch ( UnknownAccountException uae ) { ...
} catch ( IncorrectCredentialsException ice ) { ...
} catch ( LockedAccountException lae ) { ...
} catch ( ExcessiveAttemptsException eae ) { ...
} ... catch your own ...
} catch ( AuthenticationException ae ) {
//unexpected error?
}
虽然我们可以准确的获取异常信息,并根据这些信息给用户提示具体错误,但最安全的做法是在登录失败时仅向用户显示通用错误提示信息,例如“用户名或密码错误”。这样可以防止数据库被恶意扫描。
在Realm中UserMapper为Dao层,标准的做法应该还有Service层,但这里为了方便就不再定义Service层了。接下来编写和数据库打交道的Dao层。
数据层
首先创建一张用户表,用于存储用户的基本信息(基于Oracle 11g):
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for T_USER
-- ----------------------------
CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."T_USER" (
"ID" NUMBER NOT NULL ,
"USERNAME" VARCHAR2(20 BYTE) NOT NULL ,
"PASSWD" VARCHAR2(128 BYTE) NOT NULL ,
"CREATE_TIME" DATE NULL ,
"STATUS" CHAR(1 BYTE) NOT NULL
);
COMMENT ON COLUMN "SCOTT"."T_USER"."USERNAME" IS '用户名';
COMMENT ON COLUMN "SCOTT"."T_USER"."PASSWD" IS '密码';
COMMENT ON COLUMN "SCOTT"."T_USER"."CREATE_TIME" IS '创建时间';
COMMENT ON COLUMN "SCOTT"."T_USER"."STATUS" IS '是否有效 1:有效 0:锁定';
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of T_USER
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO "SCOTT"."T_USER" VALUES ('2', 'test', '7a38c13ec5e9310aed731de58bbc4214', TO_DATE('2017-11-19 17:20:21', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'), '0');
INSERT INTO "SCOTT"."T_USER" VALUES ('1', 'mrbird', '42ee25d1e43e9f57119a00d0a39e5250', TO_DATE('2017-11-19 10:52:48', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'), '1');
-- ----------------------------
-- Primary Key structure for table T_USER
-- ----------------------------
ALTER TABLE "SCOTT"."T_USER" ADD PRIMARY KEY ("ID");
数据源的配置参考Spring Boot中使用MyBatis。
库表对应的实体类:
public class User implements Serializable{
private static final long serialVersionUID = -5440372534300871944L;
private Integer id;
private String userName;
private String password;
private Date createTime;
private String status;
// get,set略
}
定义接口UserMapper:
@Mapper
public interface UserMapper {
User findByUserName(String userName);
}
xml实现:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.springboot.dao.UserMapper">
<resultMap type="com.springboot.pojo.User" id="User">
<id column="id" property="id" javaType="java.lang.Integer" jdbcType="NUMERIC"/>
<id column="username" property="userName" javaType="java.lang.String" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
<id column="passwd" property="password" javaType="java.lang.String" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
<id column="create_time" property="createTime" javaType="java.util.Date" jdbcType="DATE"/>
<id column="status" property="status" javaType="java.lang.String" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
</resultMap>
<select id="findByUserName" resultMap="User">
select * from t_user where username = #{userName}
</select>
</mapper>
数据层准备完了,接下来编写login.html和index.html页面。
页面准备
编写登录页面login.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>登录</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" th:href="@{/css/login.css}" type="text/css">
<script th:src="@{/js/jquery-1.11.1.min.js}"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="login-page">
<div class="form">
<input type="text" placeholder="用户名" name="username" required="required"/>
<input type="password" placeholder="密码" name="password" required="required"/>
<button onclick="login()">登录</button>
</div>
</div>
</body>
<script th:inline="javascript">
var ctx = [[@{/}]];
function login() {
var username = $("input[name='username']").val();
var password = $("input[name='password']").val();
$.ajax({
type: "post",
url: ctx + "login",
data: {"username": username,"password": password},
dataType: "json",
success: function (r) {
if (r.code == 0) {
location.href = ctx + 'index';
} else {
alert(r.msg);
}
}
});
}
</script>
</html>
主页index.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>你好![[${user.userName}]]</p>
<a th:href="@{/logout}">注销</a>
</body>
</html>
页面准备完毕,接下来编写LoginController。
Controller
LoginController代码如下:
@Controller
public class LoginController {
@GetMapping("/login")
public String login() {
return "login";
}
@PostMapping("/login")
@ResponseBody
public ResponseBo login(String username, String password) {
// 密码MD5加密
password = MD5Utils.encrypt(username, password);
UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(username, password);
// 获取Subject对象
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
try {
subject.login(token);
return ResponseBo.ok();
} catch (UnknownAccountException e) {
return ResponseBo.error(e.getMessage());
} catch (IncorrectCredentialsException e) {
return ResponseBo.error(e.getMessage());
} catch (LockedAccountException e) {
return ResponseBo.error(e.getMessage());
} catch (AuthenticationException e) {
return ResponseBo.error("认证失败!");
}
}
@RequestMapping("/")
public String redirectIndex() {
return "redirect:/index";
}
@RequestMapping("/index")
public String index(Model model) {
// 登录成后,即可通过Subject获取登录的用户信息
User user = (User) SecurityUtils.getSubject().getPrincipal();
model.addAttribute("user", user);
return "index";
}
}
登录成功后,根据之前在ShiroConfig中的配置shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSuccessUrl("/index")
,页面会自动访问/index路径。
测试
最终项目目录如下图所示:
启动项目,分别访问:
- http://localhost:8080/web/
- http://localhost:8080/web/index
- http://localhost:8080/web/aaaaaaa
- http://localhost:8080/web
可发现页面都被重定向到 http://localhost:8080/web/login:
当输入错误的用户信息时:
用test的账户登录(test账户的status为0,已被锁定):
当输入正确的用户名密码时候(密码可以用“123456”在代码中的MD5函数加密后存入数据库 ):
点击注销连接,根据ShiroConfig的配置filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/logout", "logout")
,Shiro会自动帮我们注销用户信息,并重定向到/
路径。