遇见狂神说 - 4. SpringCloud RestTemplate学习环境搭建 - 《Java 技术手册》

4.1 介绍
4.2 SpringCloud版本选择
4.3 创建工程

4.1 介绍

我们会使用一个Dept部门模块做一个微服务通用案例Consumer消费者(Client)通过REST调用Provider提供者(Server)提供的服务。
回顾Spring，SpringMVC，Mybatis等以往学习的知识。
Maven的分包分模块架构复习。

一个简单的Maven模块结构是这样的：

— app-parent: 一个父项目(app-parent)聚合了很多子项目(app-util\app-dao\app-web…) |— pom.xml | |— app-core ||—— pom.xml | |— app-web ||—— pom.xml ……

一个父工程带着多个Moudule子模块

MicroServiceCloud父工程(Project)下初次带着3个子模块(Module)

microservicecloud-api 【封装的整体entity/接口/公共配置等】
microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80 【服务提供者】
microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001 【服务消费者】

4.2 SpringCloud版本选择

大版本说明
**

| SpringBoot | SpringCloud | 关系 | | 1.2.x | Angel版本(天使) | 兼容SpringBoot1.2x | | —- | —- | —- | | 1.3.x | Brixton版本(布里克斯顿) | 兼容SpringBoot1.3x，也兼容SpringBoot1.4x | | 1.4.x | Camden版本(卡姆登) | 兼容SpringBoot1.4x，也兼容SpringBoot1.5x | | 1.5.x | Dalston版本(多尔斯顿) | 兼容SpringBoot1.5x，不兼容SpringBoot2.0x | | 1.5.x | Edgware版本(埃奇韦尔) | 兼容SpringBoot1.5x，不兼容SpringBoot2.0x | | 2.0.x | Finchley版本(芬奇利) | 兼容SpringBoot2.0x，不兼容SpringBoot1.5x | | 2.1.x | Greenwich版本(格林威治) | |

实际开发版本关系
**

spring-boot-starter-parent		spring-cloud-dependencles
版本号	发布日期	版本号	发布日期
1.5.2.RELEASE	2017-03	Dalston.RC1	2017-x
1.5.9.RELEASE	2017-11	Edgware.RELEASE	2017-11
1.5.16.RELEASE	2018-04	Edgware.SR5	2018-10
1.5.20.RELEASE	2018-09	Edgware.SR5	2018-10
2.0.2.RELEASE	2018-05	Fomchiey.BULD-SNAPSHOT	2018-x
2.0.6.RELEASE	2018-10	Fomchiey-SR2	2018-10
2.1.4.RELEASE	2019-04	Greenwich.SR1	2019-03

使用后两个
**

4.3 创建工程

1、创建父工程
**

新建父工程项目springcloud，切记Packageing是pom模式
主要是定义POM文件，将后续各个子模块公用的jar包等统一提取出来，类似一个抽象父类

4. SpringCloud RestTemplate学习环境搭建 - 图1

父工程pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>nuc.ss</groupId>
  <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <modules>
  </modules>
  <!--  打包方式 pom  -->
  <packaging>pom</packaging>
  <properties>
      <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
      <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
      <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
      <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
      <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
      <lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
  </properties>
  <dependencyManagement>
      <dependencies>
          <dependency>
              <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
              <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
              <version>0.2.0.RELEASE</version>
              <type>pom</type>
              <scope>import</scope>
          </dependency>
          <!--springCloud的依赖-->
          <dependency>
              <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
              <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
              <version>Greenwich.SR1</version>
              <type>pom</type>
              <scope>import</scope>
          </dependency>
          <!--SpringBoot-->
          <dependency>
              <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
              <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
              <version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>
              <type>pom</type>
              <scope>import</scope>
          </dependency>
          <!--数据库-->
          <dependency>
              <groupId>mysql</groupId>
              <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
              <version>5.1.47</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
              <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
              <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
              <version>1.1.10</version>
          </dependency>
          <!--SpringBoot 启动器-->
          <dependency>
              <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
              <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
              <version>1.3.2</version>
          </dependency>
          <!--日志测试~-->
          <dependency>
              <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
              <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
              <version>1.2.3</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
              <groupId>junit</groupId>
              <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
              <version>${junit.version}</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
              <groupId>log4j</groupId>
              <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
              <version>${log4j.version}</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
              <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
              <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
              <version>${lombok.version}</version>
          </dependency>
      </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>
  <build>
      <resources>
          <resource>
              <directory>src/main/java</directory>
              <includes>
                  <include>**/*.yml</include>
                  <include>**/*.properties</include>
                  <include>**/*.xml</include>
              </includes>
              <filtering>false</filtering>
          </resource>
          <resource>
              <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
              <includes>
                  <include>**/*.yml</include>
                  <include>**/*.properties</include>
                  <include>**/*.xml</include>
              </includes>
              <filtering>false</filtering>
          </resource>
      </resources>
  </build>
</project>

2、创建子模块springcloud-api

4. SpringCloud RestTemplate学习环境搭建 - 图2

pom配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <parent>
      <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
      <groupId>nuc.ss</groupId>
      <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <artifactId>sprintcloud-api</artifactId>

  <!--当前的module自己需要的依赖，如果父依赖中已经配置了版本，这里就不用写了-->
  <dependencies>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
          <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
      </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

数据库的创建

**
4. SpringCloud RestTemplate学习环境搭建 - 图3

实体类的编写

**
4. SpringCloud RestTemplate学习环境搭建 - 图4

package nuc.ss.springcloud.pojo;

import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;
import java.io.Serializable;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@Accessors(chain = true)
public class Dept implements Serializable {//实体类  orm 类表关系映射

    private long deptno;//主键
    private String dname;

    //这个数据存在那个数据库的字段，微服务，一个服务对应一个数据库，同一个信息可能存在不同的数据库
    private String db_source;

    public Dept(String dname) {
        this.dname = dname;
    }

    /*
    * 链式写法：
    * Dept dept = new Dept();
    *
    * dept.setDeptNo(11).setDname('ssss').setDb_source('db01')
    * */
}

3、子模块springcloud-provider-dept-8081服务的提供者的编写
**
4. SpringCloud RestTemplate学习环境搭建 - 图5

pom配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>nuc.ss</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>springcloud-provider-dept-8081</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <!--我们需要拿到实体类，所以要配置api module-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>nuc.ss</groupId>
            <artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--junit-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--test-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--jetty-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--热部署工具-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

application.yml的配置

server:
  port: 8081

# mybatis的配置
mybatis:
  type-aliases-package: nuc.ss.springcloud.pojo
  config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml
  mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml

# spring的配置
spring:
  application:
    name: springcloud-provider-dept
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource #数据库
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql//localhost:3306/db01?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
    username: root
    password: admin

mybatis-config.xml的配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">

<configuration>
    <settings>
        <setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/>
    </settings>
</configuration>

DeptMapper.xml的编写

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mapper namespace="nuc.ss.springcloud.dao.DeptDao">

    <insert id="addDept" parameterType="Dept">
        insert into dept (dname,db_source)
        values (#{dname},DATABASE())
    </insert>

    <select id="queryById" resultType="Dept" parameterType="Long">
        select * from dept where deptno = #{id}
    </select>

    <select id="queryAll" resultType="Dept">
        select * from dept
    </select>

</mapper>

接口DeptController的编写

//视图Restful服务
@RestController
public class DeptController {
    @Autowired
    DeptService deptService;

    @PostMapping("/dept/add")
    public boolean addDept(Dept dept) {
        return deptService.addDept(dept);
    }

    @GetMapping("/dept/get/{id}")
    public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
        return deptService.queryById(id);
    }

    @GetMapping("/dept/list")
    public List<Dept> queryAll() {
        return deptService.queryAll();
    }
}

整体目录结构
**
4. SpringCloud RestTemplate学习环境搭建 - 图6

4、子模块springcloud-consumer-dept-80的编写
**

pom依赖编写

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>nuc.ss</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>springcloud-consumer-dept-80</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>nuc.ss</groupId>
            <artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

application.yml

server:
  port: 80

将RestTemplate注册到spring中：ConfigBean.java

@Configuration
public class ConfigBean {   //Cofiguration -- spring applicationContext.xml

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

DeptConsumerController.java

@RestController
public class DeptConsumerController {
    // 理解：消费者，不应该有service层
    // RestTemplate ... 供我们直接调用就可以了！注解到spring中

    // (url,实体:Map, Class<T> responseType)
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;//提供多种便捷访问Http的方法

    private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://localhost:8081";

    @RequestMapping("/consumer/dept/add")
    public boolean add(Dept dept) {
        return restTemplate.postForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/add",dept,Boolean.class);
    }

    @RequestMapping("/consumer/dept/get/{id}")
    public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
        return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/get/"+id,Dept.class);
    }

    @RequestMapping("/consumer/dept/list")
    public List<Dept> list() {
        return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/list",List.class);
    }
}

启动服务: DeptConsumer_80

@SpringBootApplication
public class DeptConsumer_80 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DeptConsumer_80.class,args);
    }
}

4. SpringCloud RestTemplate学习环境搭建 - 图7