1、安装虚拟机环境

1、安装virtualBox

1、下载

https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads

2、使用Vagrant来安装虚拟机镜像

https://www.vagrantup.com/

1、使用brew命令安装

  1. brew install vagrant

2、直接下载安装

https://releases.hashicorp.com/vagrant/2.2.18/vagrant_2.2.18_x86_64.dmg

3、搜索镜像

https://app.vagrantup.com/boxes/search
image.png
centos

4、安装centos

  • 进入合适的目录下进行以下命令

  • 我这里选择一个centos7文件夹

    djydeMacBook-Pro:Desktop DD$ cd centos7/
djydeMacBook-Pro:centos7 DD$ vagrant init centos/7
A `Vagrantfile` has been placed in this directory. You are now
ready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment! Please read
the comments in the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on
`vagrantup.com` for more information on using Vagrant.

  • 文件夹下创建了一个

image.png

  • 启动

    vagrant up

  • 重启

    vagrant reload

  • 启动完成之后连接

    vagrant ssh

  • 退出登录

    exit

    5、配置网络

    先查看一下自己本机的ip信息

  • mac使用命令

    • ifconfig
    • image.png
    • 所以我们可以进入下列设置

修改文件夹下的
Vagrantfile文件
配置虚拟机的地址为这个

  config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"

1、如果外网不能访问配置外网

可以使用ping baidu.com试试
进入目录

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[vagrant@localhost network-scripts]$ ls
ifcfg-eth0  ifdown           ifdown-bnep  ifdown-ipv6  ifdown-ppp     ifdown-tunnel  ifup-TeamPort  ifup-eth   ifup-isdn   ifup-post    ifup-sit       init.ipv6-global
ifcfg-eth1  ifdown-Team      ifdown-eth   ifdown-isdn  ifdown-routes  ifup           ifup-aliases   ifup-ippp  ifup-plip   ifup-ppp     ifup-tunnel    network-functions
ifcfg-lo    ifdown-TeamPort  ifdown-ippp  ifdown-post  ifdown-sit     ifup-Team      ifup-bnep      ifup-ipv6  ifup-plusb  ifup-routes  ifup-wireless  network-functions-ipv6
[vagrant@localhost network-scripts]$

修改ifcfg-eth1文件

vi ifcfg-eth1

加入配置
GATEWAY得是当前自己的virtual配置的网关就参考自己的ip地址，把最后一位改成1

GATEWAY=192.168.33.1
DNS1=114.114.114.114
DNS2=8.8.8.8

6、错误排查

1、网卡地址错误

lk@LKMacBook-Pro centos % vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Importing base box 'centos/7'...
==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
==> default: Checking if box 'centos/7' version '2004.01' is up to date...
==> default: Setting the name of the VM: centos_default_1640759138343_18262
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
The IP address configured for the host-only network is not within the
allowed ranges. Please update the address used to be within the allowed
ranges and run the command again.

  Address: 192.168.33.10
  Ranges: 192.168.56.0/21

Valid ranges can be modified in the /etc/vbox/networks.conf file. For
more information including valid format see:

  https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch06.html#network_hostonly
  • 解决方案
  • 在vagrant中修改
    config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.18"

    2、VBoxManage: error: Details: code NS_ERROR_FAILURE (0x80004005)

    ``shell You're running an up-to-date version of Vagrant! yimt@MacBook-Pro centos7-docker % vagrant up Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider... ==> default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports... ==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces... ==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration... default: Adapter 1: nat ==> default: Forwarding ports... default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1) ==> default: Booting VM... There was an error while executingVBoxManage`, a CLI used by Vagrant for controlling VirtualBox. The command and stderr is shown below.

Command: [“startvm”, “517d8765-baba-4661-8aef-8f87cee74139”, “—type”, “headless”]

Stderr: VBoxManage: error: The virtual machine ‘centos7-docker_default_1605406732336_15153’ has terminated unexpectedly during startup with exit code 1 (0x1) VBoxManage: error: Details: code NS_ERROR_FAILURE (0x80004005), component MachineWrap, interface IMachine


- 如果是在mac下，确定一下是不是系统帮拦截了一些操作
- 在安全隐私中查看 是不是出现了一些 需要点击进行下一步的操作

![image.png](https://cdn.nlark.com/yuque/0/2021/png/12971636/1640762346617-18ed024f-e38d-44d6-b362-90964a279f84.png#clientId=uf5f515eb-3020-4&crop=0&crop=0&crop=1&crop=1&from=paste&height=538&id=uda3c2b16&margin=%5Bobject%20Object%5D&name=image.png&originHeight=1076&originWidth=1308&originalType=binary&ratio=1&rotation=0&showTitle=false&size=130353&status=done&style=none&taskId=u102a2b03-c62e-47e8-ab52-56b3ea9bf04&title=&width=654)
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## 3、ssh配置可远程访问
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#### 1、配置ssh远程登录

- 先用vagrant登录刚刚安装的虚拟机
```shell
vagrant ssh

  • 进入文件夹

    cd /etc/ssh

  • 进入sshd_config进行修改 ```shell [vagrant@localhost ssh]$ ls moduli ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub ssh_host_rsa_key ssh_config ssh_host_ed25519_key ssh_host_rsa_key.pub ssh_host_ecdsa_key ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub sshd_config [vagrant@localhost ssh]$ 


- 修改为PasswordAuthentication yes
- 如果没有vim编辑器
- 可以进行安装一个vim，不然就用vi进行编辑
```shell
yum install -y vim

image.png

  • 保存退出重启
    [root@localhost ssh]# exit
exit
djy:centos-test DD$ vagrant reload

    2、配置完之后用finalshell登录

    用户名为root
    密码为vagrant

    4、修改centos网址

    修改 IP 地址
    即时生效:

    1、ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0

    启动生效:
    修改 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
    修改网关 Default Gateway
    即时生效:

    2、route add default gw 192.168.0.1 dev eth0

    启动生效:
    修改 /etc/sysconfig/network
    修改 DNS
    修改/etc/resolv.conf
    修改后可即时生效，启动同样有效
    修改 host name
    即时生效:

    3、hostname centos1

    启动生效:
    修改/etc/sysconfig/network