Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and Ratio
are defined as the four fundamental levels of measurement scales that
are used to capture data in the form of surveys and questionnaires, each being a multiple choice question.
Each scale is an incremental level of measurement, meaning, each
scale fulfills the function of the previous scale and all survey
question scales such as Likert, Semantic Differential, Dichotomous etc, are the derivation of this these 4 fundamental levels of variable measurement.
Nominal
Nominal data is for mutual exclusive, but not ordered, categories.
定类变量:变量的不同取值仅仅代表了不同类的事物,这样的变量叫定类变量。问卷的人口特征中最常使用的问题,而调查被访对象的“性别”,就是定类变量。对于定类变量,加减乘除等运算是没有实际意义的。
Ordinal
Ordinal data is one where the order matters but not the difference between values.
定序变量:变量的值不仅能够代表事物的分类,还能代表事物按某种特性的排序,这样的变量叫定序变量。问卷的人口特征中最常使用的问题“教育程度“,以及态度量表题目等都是定序变量,定序变量的值之间可以比较大小,或者有强弱顺序,但两个值的差一般没有什么实际意义。
Interval
Interval data is a measurement where the difference between two values is meaningful.
定距变量:变量的值之间可以比较大小,两个值的差有实际意义,这样的变量叫定距变量。有时问卷在调查被访者的“年龄”和“每月平均收入”,都是定距变量。
Ratio
Ratio data has all the properties of an interval variable, and also has a clear definition of 0.0.
定比变量:有绝对0点,如质量,高度。定比变量与定距变量在市场调查中一般不加以区分,它们的差别在于,定距变量取值为“0”时,不表示“没有”,仅仅是取值为0。定比变量取值为“0”时,则表示“没有”。
Examples
Nominal | Ordinal | Interval | Ratio | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Counts / Distribution | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Minimum, Maximum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Range | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Percentiles | 1 | 1 | ||
Standard deviation, Variance | 1 | 1 | ||
Mode | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Median | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Mean | 1 | 1 | ||
Countable | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Order defined | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Difference defined (addition, subtraction) | 1 | 1 | ||
Zero defined (multiplication, division) | 1 |
References
https://www.questionpro.com/blog/nominal-ordinal-interval-ratio/ https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/530445495.html