一、flask之应用上下文

由于时间关系，详细过程略…

草稿图

Day141 flask之应用上下文,SQLAlchemy - 图1

参考链接：

http://www.cnblogs.com/zhaopanpan/p/9457343.html

总结：

  1. 上下文管理（应用上下文）
  2. 关键点
  3. 请求上线文:
  4. ctx = RequestContext(request/session)
  5. 应用上下文:
  6. app_ctx = AppContext(app/g)
  8. 问：flask中g的作用？一次请求周期中保存一个公用值。
  10. g应用示例：
  11.     from flask import Flask,request,session,g,current_app
  13.     app = Flask(__name__)
  15.     @app.before_request
  16.     def b1():
  17.         g.x1 = 123
  20.     @app.route('/index')
  21.     def index():
  22.         print(g.x1)
  24.     if __name__ == '__main__':
  25.         app.run()

二、SQLAlchemy

介绍

SQLAlchemy是一个基于Python实现的ORM框架。该框架建立在 DB API之上，使用关系对象映射进行数据库操作，简言之便是：将类和对象转换成SQL，然后使用数据API执行SQL并获取执行结果。

  1. pip3 install sqlalchemy

流程图

Day141 flask之应用上下文,SQLAlchemy - 图2

组成部分

  • Engine，框架的引擎
  • Connection Pooling ，数据库连接池
  • Dialect，选择连接数据库的DB API种类
  • Schema/Types，架构和类型
  • SQL Exprression Language，SQL表达式语言

SQLAlchemy本身无法操作数据库，其必须以来pymsql等第三方插件，Dialect用于和数据API进行交流，根据配置文件的不同调用不同的数据库API，从而实现对数据库的操作，如：

  1. MySQL-Python
  2.     mysql+mysqldb://<user>:<password>@<host>[:<port>]/<dbname>
  4. pymysql
  5.     mysql+pymysql://<username>:<password>@<host>/<dbname>[?<options>]
  7. MySQL-Connector
  8.     mysql+mysqlconnector://<user>:<password>@<host>[:<port>]/<dbname>
  10. cx_Oracle
  11.     oracle+cx_oracle://user:pass@host:port/dbname[?key=value&key=value...]
  13. 更多：http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/latest/dialects/index.html

使用

1. 执行原生SQL语句

举例1

  1. import time
  2. import threading
  3. import sqlalchemy
  4. from sqlalchemy import create_engine
  5. from sqlalchemy.engine.base import Engine
  7. engine = create_engine(
  8.     "mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/t1?charset=utf8",
  9.     max_overflow=0,  # 超过连接池大小外最多创建的连接
  10.     pool_size=5,  # 连接池大小
  11.     pool_timeout=30,  # 池中没有线程最多等待的时间，否则报错
  12.     pool_recycle=-1  # 多久之后对线程池中的线程进行一次连接的回收（重置）
  13. )
  16. def task(arg):
  17.     conn = engine.raw_connection()
  18.     cursor = conn.cursor()
  19.     cursor.execute(
  20.         "select * from t1"
  21.     )
  22.     result = cursor.fetchall()
  23.     cursor.close()
  24.     conn.close()
  27. for i in range(20):
  28.     t = threading.Thread(target=task, args=(i,))
  29.     t.start()

举例2

  1. #!/usr/bin/env python
  2. # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
  3. import time
  4. import threading
  5. import sqlalchemy
  6. from sqlalchemy import create_engine
  7. from sqlalchemy.engine.base import Engine
  9. engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/t1", max_overflow=0, pool_size=5)
  12. def task(arg):
  13.     conn = engine.contextual_connect()
  14.     with conn:
  15.         cur = conn.execute(
  16.             "select * from t1"
  17.         )
  18.         result = cur.fetchall()
  19.         print(result)
  22. for i in range(20):
  23.     t = threading.Thread(target=task, args=(i,))
  24.     t.start()

举例3

  1. #!/usr/bin/env python
  2. # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
  3. import time
  4. import threading
  5. import sqlalchemy
  6. from sqlalchemy import create_engine
  7. from sqlalchemy.engine.base import Engine
  8. from sqlalchemy.engine.result import ResultProxy
  9. engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/t1", max_overflow=0, pool_size=5)
  12. def task(arg):
  13.     cur = engine.execute("select * from t1")
  14.     result = cur.fetchall()
  15.     cur.close()
  16.     print(result)
  19. for i in range(20):
  20.     t = threading.Thread(target=task, args=(i,))
  21.     t.start()

注意: 查看连接 show status like ‘Threads%’;

2. ORM

a. 创建数据库表

创建单表

  1. #!/usr/bin/env python
  2. # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
  3. import datetime
  4. from sqlalchemy import create_engine
  5. from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
  6. from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, Text, ForeignKey, DateTime, UniqueConstraint, Index
  8. Base = declarative_base()
  11. class Users(Base):
  12.     __tablename__ = 'users'
  14.     id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
  15.     name = Column(String(32), index=True, nullable=False)
  16.     # email = Column(String(32), unique=True)
  17.     # ctime = Column(DateTime, default=datetime.datetime.now)
  18.     # extra = Column(Text, nullable=True)
  20.     __table_args__ = (
  21.         # UniqueConstraint('id', 'name', name='uix_id_name'),
  22.         # Index('ix_id_name', 'name', 'email'),
  23.     )
  26. def init_db():
  27.     """
  28.     根据类创建数据库表
  29.     :return: 
  30.     """
  31.     engine = create_engine(
  32.         "mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/s6?charset=utf8",
  33.         max_overflow=0,  # 超过连接池大小外最多创建的连接
  34.         pool_size=5,  # 连接池大小
  35.         pool_timeout=30,  # 池中没有线程最多等待的时间，否则报错
  36.         pool_recycle=-1  # 多久之后对线程池中的线程进行一次连接的回收（重置）
  37.     )
  39.     Base.metadata.create_all(engine)
  42. def drop_db():
  43.     """
  44.     根据类删除数据库表
  45.     :return: 
  46.     """
  47.     engine = create_engine(
  48.         "mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/s6?charset=utf8",
  49.         max_overflow=0,  # 超过连接池大小外最多创建的连接
  50.         pool_size=5,  # 连接池大小
  51.         pool_timeout=30,  # 池中没有线程最多等待的时间，否则报错
  52.         pool_recycle=-1  # 多久之后对线程池中的线程进行一次连接的回收（重置）
  53.     )
  55.     Base.metadata.drop_all(engine)
  58. if __name__ == '__main__':
  59.     drop_db()
  60.     init_db()
  62. 创建单表

创建多个表并包含Fk、M2M关系

  1. #!/usr/bin/env python
  2. # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
  3. import datetime
  4. from sqlalchemy import create_engine
  5. from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
  6. from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, Text, ForeignKey, DateTime, UniqueConstraint, Index
  7. from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship
  9. Base = declarative_base()
  12. # ##################### 单表示例 #########################
  13. class Users(Base):
  14.     __tablename__ = 'users'
  16.     id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
  17.     name = Column(String(32), index=True)
  18.     age = Column(Integer, default=18)
  19.     email = Column(String(32), unique=True)
  20.     ctime = Column(DateTime, default=datetime.datetime.now)
  21.     extra = Column(Text, nullable=True)
  23.     __table_args__ = (
  24.         # UniqueConstraint('id', 'name', name='uix_id_name'),
  25.         # Index('ix_id_name', 'name', 'extra'),
  26.     )
  29. class Hosts(Base):
  30.     __tablename__ = 'hosts'
  32.     id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
  33.     name = Column(String(32), index=True)
  34.     ctime = Column(DateTime, default=datetime.datetime.now)
  37. # ##################### 一对多示例 #########################
  38. class Hobby(Base):
  39.     __tablename__ = 'hobby'
  40.     id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
  41.     caption = Column(String(50), default='篮球')
  44. class Person(Base):
  45.     __tablename__ = 'person'
  46.     nid = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
  47.     name = Column(String(32), index=True, nullable=True)
  48.     hobby_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("hobby.id"))
  50.     # 与生成表结构无关，仅用于查询方便
  51.     hobby = relationship("Hobby", backref='pers')
  54. # ##################### 多对多示例 #########################
  56. class Server2Group(Base):
  57.     __tablename__ = 'server2group'
  58.     id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
  59.     server_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('server.id'))
  60.     group_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('group.id'))
  63. class Group(Base):
  64.     __tablename__ = 'group'
  65.     id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
  66.     name = Column(String(64), unique=True, nullable=False)
  68.     # 与生成表结构无关，仅用于查询方便
  69.     servers = relationship('Server', secondary='server2group', backref='groups')
  72. class Server(Base):
  73.     __tablename__ = 'server'
  75.     id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
  76.     hostname = Column(String(64), unique=True, nullable=False)
  79. def init_db():
  80.     """
  81.     根据类创建数据库表
  82.     :return: 
  83.     """
  84.     engine = create_engine(
  85.         "mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/s6?charset=utf8",
  86.         max_overflow=0,  # 超过连接池大小外最多创建的连接
  87.         pool_size=5,  # 连接池大小
  88.         pool_timeout=30,  # 池中没有线程最多等待的时间，否则报错
  89.         pool_recycle=-1  # 多久之后对线程池中的线程进行一次连接的回收（重置）
  90.     )
  92.     Base.metadata.create_all(engine)
  95. def drop_db():
  96.     """
  97.     根据类删除数据库表
  98.     :return: 
  99.     """
  100.     engine = create_engine(
  101.         "mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/s6?charset=utf8",
  102.         max_overflow=0,  # 超过连接池大小外最多创建的连接
  103.         pool_size=5,  # 连接池大小
  104.         pool_timeout=30,  # 池中没有线程最多等待的时间，否则报错
  105.         pool_recycle=-1  # 多久之后对线程池中的线程进行一次连接的回收（重置）
  106.     )
  108.     Base.metadata.drop_all(engine)
  111. if __name__ == '__main__':
  112.     drop_db()
  113.     init_db()
  115. 创建多个表并包含Fk、M2M关系

指定关联列：hobby = relationship(“Hobby”, backref=’pers’,foreign_keys=”Person.hobby_id”)

b. 操作数据库表

  1. #!/usr/bin/env python
  2. # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
  3. from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
  4. from sqlalchemy import create_engine
  5. from models import Users
  7. engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/s6", max_overflow=0, pool_size=5)
  8. Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
  10. # 每次执行数据库操作时，都需要创建一个session
  11. session = Session()
  13. # ############# 执行ORM操作 #############
  14. obj1 = Users(name="alex1")
  15. session.add(obj1)
  17. # 提交事务
  18. session.commit()
  19. # 关闭session
  20. session.close()

基于scoped_session实现线程安全

  1. #!/usr/bin/env python
  2. # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
  3. from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
  4. from sqlalchemy import create_engine
  5. from sqlalchemy.orm import scoped_session
  6. from models import Users
  8. engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/s6", max_overflow=0, pool_size=5)
  9. Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
  11. """
  12. # 线程安全，基于本地线程实现每个线程用同一个session
  13. # 特殊的：scoped_session中有原来方法的Session中的一下方法：
  15. public_methods = (
  16.     '__contains__', '__iter__', 'add', 'add_all', 'begin', 'begin_nested',
  17.     'close', 'commit', 'connection', 'delete', 'execute', 'expire',
  18.     'expire_all', 'expunge', 'expunge_all', 'flush', 'get_bind',
  19.     'is_modified', 'bulk_save_objects', 'bulk_insert_mappings',
  20.     'bulk_update_mappings',
  21.     'merge', 'query', 'refresh', 'rollback',
  22.     'scalar'
  23. )
  24. """
  25. session = scoped_session(Session)
  28. # ############# 执行ORM操作 #############
  29. obj1 = Users(name="alex1")
  30. session.add(obj1)
  34. # 提交事务
  35. session.commit()
  36. # 关闭session
  37. session.close()
  39. 基于scoped_session实现线程安全

多线程执行示例

  1. #!/usr/bin/env python
  2. # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
  3. import time
  4. import threading
  6. from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
  7. from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey, UniqueConstraint, Index
  8. from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship
  9. from sqlalchemy import create_engine
  10. from db import Users
  12. engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/s6", max_overflow=0, pool_size=5)
  13. Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
  16. def task(arg):
  17.     session = Session()
  19.     obj1 = Users(name="alex1")
  20.     session.add(obj1)
  22.     session.commit()
  25. for i in range(10):
  26.     t = threading.Thread(target=task, args=(i,))
  27.     t.start()
  29. 多线程执行示例

基本增删改查示例

  1. #!/usr/bin/env python
  2. # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
  3. import time
  4. import threading
  6. from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
  7. from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey, UniqueConstraint, Index
  8. from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship
  9. from sqlalchemy import create_engine
  10. from sqlalchemy.sql import text
  12. from db import Users, Hosts
  14. engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/s6", max_overflow=0, pool_size=5)
  15. Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
  17. session = Session()
  19. # ################ 添加 ################
  20. """
  21. obj1 = Users(name="wupeiqi")
  22. session.add(obj1)
  24. session.add_all([
  25.     Users(name="wupeiqi"),
  26.     Users(name="alex"),
  27.     Hosts(name="c1.com"),
  28. ])
  29. session.commit()
  30. """
  32. # ################ 删除 ################
  33. """
  34. session.query(Users).filter(Users.id > 2).delete()
  35. session.commit()
  36. """
  37. # ################ 修改 ################
  38. """
  39. session.query(Users).filter(Users.id > 0).update({"name" : "099"})
  40. session.query(Users).filter(Users.id > 0).update({Users.name: Users.name + "099"}, synchronize_session=False)
  41. session.query(Users).filter(Users.id > 0).update({"age": Users.age + 1}, synchronize_session="evaluate")
  42. session.commit()
  43. """
  44. # ################ 查询 ################
  45. """
  46. r1 = session.query(Users).all()
  47. r2 = session.query(Users.name.label('xx'), Users.age).all()
  48. r3 = session.query(Users).filter(Users.name == "alex").all()
  49. r4 = session.query(Users).filter_by(name='alex').all()
  50. r5 = session.query(Users).filter_by(name='alex').first()
  51. r6 = session.query(Users).filter(text("id<:value and name=:name")).params(value=224, name='fred').order_by(Users.id).all()
  52. r7 = session.query(Users).from_statement(text("SELECT * FROM users where name=:name")).params(name='ed').all()
  53. """
  56. session.close()
  58. 基本增删改查示例

常用操作

  1. #　条件
  2. ret = session.query(Users).filter_by(name='alex').all()
  3. ret = session.query(Users).filter(Users.id > 1, Users.name == 'eric').all()
  4. ret = session.query(Users).filter(Users.id.between(1, 3), Users.name == 'eric').all()
  5. ret = session.query(Users).filter(Users.id.in_([1,3,4])).all()
  6. ret = session.query(Users).filter(~Users.id.in_([1,3,4])).all()
  7. ret = session.query(Users).filter(Users.id.in_(session.query(Users.id).filter_by(name='eric'))).all()
  8. from sqlalchemy import and_, or_
  9. ret = session.query(Users).filter(and_(Users.id > 3, Users.name == 'eric')).all()
  10. ret = session.query(Users).filter(or_(Users.id < 2, Users.name == 'eric')).all()
  11. ret = session.query(Users).filter(
  12.     or_(
  13.         Users.id < 2,
  14.         and_(Users.name == 'eric', Users.id > 3),
  15.         Users.extra != ""
  16.     )).all()
  19. # 通配符
  20. ret = session.query(Users).filter(Users.name.like('e%')).all()
  21. ret = session.query(Users).filter(~Users.name.like('e%')).all()
  23. # 限制
  24. ret = session.query(Users)[1:2]
  26. # 排序
  27. ret = session.query(Users).order_by(Users.name.desc()).all()
  28. ret = session.query(Users).order_by(Users.name.desc(), Users.id.asc()).all()
  30. # 分组
  31. from sqlalchemy.sql import func
  33. ret = session.query(Users).group_by(Users.extra).all()
  34. ret = session.query(
  35.     func.max(Users.id),
  36.     func.sum(Users.id),
  37.     func.min(Users.id)).group_by(Users.name).all()
  39. ret = session.query(
  40.     func.max(Users.id),
  41.     func.sum(Users.id),
  42.     func.min(Users.id)).group_by(Users.name).having(func.min(Users.id) >2).all()
  44. # 连表
  46. ret = session.query(Users, Favor).filter(Users.id == Favor.nid).all()
  48. ret = session.query(Person).join(Favor).all()
  50. ret = session.query(Person).join(Favor, isouter=True).all()
  53. # 组合
  54. q1 = session.query(Users.name).filter(Users.id > 2)
  55. q2 = session.query(Favor.caption).filter(Favor.nid < 2)
  56. ret = q1.union(q2).all()
  58. q1 = session.query(Users.name).filter(Users.id > 2)
  59. q2 = session.query(Favor.caption).filter(Favor.nid < 2)
  60. ret = q1.union_all(q2).all()
  62. 常用操作

原生SQL语句

  1. #!/usr/bin/env python
  2. # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
  3. import time
  4. import threading
  6. from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
  7. from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey, UniqueConstraint, Index
  8. from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship
  9. from sqlalchemy import create_engine
  10. from sqlalchemy.sql import text
  11. from sqlalchemy.engine.result import ResultProxy
  12. from db import Users, Hosts
  14. engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/s6", max_overflow=0, pool_size=5)
  15. Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
  17. session = Session()
  19. # 查询
  20. # cursor = session.execute('select * from users')
  21. # result = cursor.fetchall()
  23. # 添加
  24. cursor = session.execute('insert into users(name) values(:value)',params={"value":'wupeiqi'})
  25. session.commit()
  26. print(cursor.lastrowid)
  28. session.close()
  30. 原生SQL语句

基于relationship操作ForeignKey

  1. #!/usr/bin/env python
  2. # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
  3. import time
  4. import threading
  6. from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
  7. from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey, UniqueConstraint, Index
  8. from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship
  9. from sqlalchemy import create_engine
  10. from sqlalchemy.sql import text
  11. from sqlalchemy.engine.result import ResultProxy
  12. from db import Users, Hosts, Hobby, Person
  14. engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/s6?charset=utf8", max_overflow=0, pool_size=5)
  15. Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
  16. session = Session()
  17. # 添加
  18. """
  19. session.add_all([
  20.     Hobby(caption='乒乓球'),
  21.     Hobby(caption='羽毛球'),
  22.     Person(name='张三', hobby_id=3),
  23.     Person(name='李四', hobby_id=4),
  24. ])
  26. person = Person(name='张九', hobby=Hobby(caption='姑娘'))
  27. session.add(person)
  29. hb = Hobby(caption='人妖')
  30. hb.pers = [Person(name='文飞'), Person(name='博雅')]
  31. session.add(hb)
  33. session.commit()
  34. """
  36. # 使用relationship正向查询
  37. """
  38. v = session.query(Person).first()
  39. print(v.name)
  40. print(v.hobby.caption)
  41. """
  43. # 使用relationship反向查询
  44. """
  45. v = session.query(Hobby).first()
  46. print(v.caption)
  47. print(v.pers)
  48. """
  50. session.close()
  52. 基于relationship操作ForeignKey

基于relationship操作m2m

  1. #!/usr/bin/env python
  2. # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
  3. import time
  4. import threading
  6. from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
  7. from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey, UniqueConstraint, Index
  8. from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship
  9. from sqlalchemy import create_engine
  10. from sqlalchemy.sql import text
  11. from sqlalchemy.engine.result import ResultProxy
  12. from db import Users, Hosts, Hobby, Person, Group, Server, Server2Group
  14. engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/s6?charset=utf8", max_overflow=0, pool_size=5)
  15. Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
  16. session = Session()
  17. # 添加
  18. """
  19. session.add_all([
  20.     Server(hostname='c1.com'),
  21.     Server(hostname='c2.com'),
  22.     Group(name='A组'),
  23.     Group(name='B组'),
  24. ])
  25. session.commit()
  27. s2g = Server2Group(server_id=1, group_id=1)
  28. session.add(s2g)
  29. session.commit()
  32. gp = Group(name='C组')
  33. gp.servers = [Server(hostname='c3.com'),Server(hostname='c4.com')]
  34. session.add(gp)
  35. session.commit()
  38. ser = Server(hostname='c6.com')
  39. ser.groups = [Group(name='F组'),Group(name='G组')]
  40. session.add(ser)
  41. session.commit()
  42. """
  45. # 使用relationship正向查询
  46. """
  47. v = session.query(Group).first()
  48. print(v.name)
  49. print(v.servers)
  50. """
  52. # 使用relationship反向查询
  53. """
  54. v = session.query(Server).first()
  55. print(v.hostname)
  56. print(v.groups)
  57. """
  60. session.close()
  62. 基于relationship操作m2m

其他

  1. #!/usr/bin/env python
  2. # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
  3. import time
  4. import threading
  6. from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
  7. from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey, UniqueConstraint, Index
  8. from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship
  9. from sqlalchemy import create_engine
  10. from sqlalchemy.sql import text, func
  11. from sqlalchemy.engine.result import ResultProxy
  12. from db import Users, Hosts, Hobby, Person, Group, Server, Server2Group
  14. engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/s6?charset=utf8", max_overflow=0, pool_size=5)
  15. Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
  16. session = Session()
  18. # 关联子查询
  19. subqry = session.query(func.count(Server.id).label("sid")).filter(Server.id == Group.id).correlate(Group).as_scalar()
  20. result = session.query(Group.name, subqry)
  21. """
  22. SELECT `group`.name AS group_name, (SELECT count(server.id) AS sid 
  23. FROM server 
  24. WHERE server.id = `group`.id) AS anon_1 
  25. FROM `group`
  26. """
  29. # 原生SQL
  30. """
  31. # 查询
  32. cursor = session.execute('select * from users')
  33. result = cursor.fetchall()
  35. # 添加
  36. cursor = session.execute('insert into users(name) values(:value)',params={"value":'wupeiqi'})
  37. session.commit()
  38. print(cursor.lastrowid)
  39. """
  41. session.close()
  43. 其他

由于时间关系，详细过程略…

本文参考链接：

https://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/8259356.html

未完待续…