编程是一种控制计算机的方式,和我们平时双击打开文件、关机、重启没有任何区别。
1.1 编写一个简单的C++程序
#include <iostream>using namespace std;int main() {cout << "Hello World" << endl;return 0;}
1.2 变量
1.2.1 变量的定义
变量必须先定义,才可以使用。不能重名。
变量定义的方式:
#include <iostream>using namespace std;int main() {int a = 5;int b, c = a, d = 10 / 2;return 0;}
常用变量类型及范围:
| 类型 | 关键字 |
|---|---|
| 布尔型 | bool |
| 字符型 | char |
| 整型 | int |
| 浮点型 | float |
| 双浮点型 | double |
1.2.2 输入输出
整数的输入输出:
#include <iostream>using namespace std;int main() {int a, b;cin >> a >> b;cout << a + b << endl;return 0;}
字符串的输入输出:
#include <iostream>#include <string>using namespace std;int main() {string str;cin >> str;cout << str;return 0;}
输入输出多个不同类型的变量:
#include <iostream>#include <string>using namespace std;int main() {int a, b;string str;cin >> a;cin >> b >> str;cout << str << " !!! " << a + b << endl;return 0;}
1.2.3 表达式
整数的加减乘除四则运算:
#include <iostream>using namespace std;int main() {int a = 6 + 3 * 4 / 2 - 2;cout << a << endl;//10int b = a * 10 + 5 / 2;cout << b << endl;//102cout << 23 * 56 - 78 / 3 << endl;//1288-26=1262return 0;}
浮点数(小数)的运算:
#include <iostream>using namespace std;int main() {float x = 1.5, y = 3.2;cout << x * y << ' ' << x + y << endl;cout << x - y << ' ' << x / y << endl;return 0;}
整型变量的自增、自减:
#include <iostream>using namespace std;int main() {int a = 1;int b = a++;cout << a << ' ' << b << endl;int c = ++a;cout << a << ' ' << c << endl;return 0;}
变量的类型转换:
#include <iostream>using namespace std;int main() {float x = 123.12;int y = (int) x;cout << x << ' ' << y << endl;return 0;}
1.2.4 顺序语句
(1) 输出第二个整数:
#include <iostream>using namespace std;int main() {int a, b, c;cin >> a >> b >> c;cout << b << endl;return 0;}
(2) 计算 (a + b) * c的值
#include <iostream>using namespace std;int main() {int a, b, c;cin >> a >> b >> c;cout << (a + b) * c << endl;return 0;}
(3) 带余除法
#include <iostream>using namespace std;int main() {int a, b;cin >> a >> b;int c = a / b, d = a % b;cout << c << ' ' << d << endl;return 0;}
(4) 求反三位数:
#include <iostream>#include <string>using namespace std;int main() {int n;cin >> n;int a = n % 10;n = n / 10;int b = n % 10;n = n / 10;int c = n;cout << a << b << c << endl;return 0;}
(5) 交换两个整数
#include <iostream>using namespace std;int main() {int a = 3, b = 4;int t = a;a = b;b = t;cout << a << ' ' << b << endl;return 0;}
(6) 输出菱形
#include <iostream>using namespace std;int main() {char c;cin >> c;cout << " " << c << endl;cout << " " << c << c << c << endl;cout << c << c << c << c << c << endl;cout << " " << c << c << c << endl;cout << " " << c << endl;return 0;}
