一、优化
1. 扩展序列化算法
序列化，反序列化主要用在消息正文的转换上
- 序列化时，需要将 Java 对象变为要传输的数据（可以是 byte[]，或 json 等，最终都需要变成 byte[]）
- 反序列化时，需要将传入的正文数据还原成 Java 对象，便于处理
目前的代码仅支持 Java 自带的序列化，反序列化机制，核心代码如下
// 反序列化byte[] body = new byte[bodyLength];byteByf.readBytes(body);ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(body));Message message = (Message) in.readObject();message.setSequenceId(sequenceId);// 序列化ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();new ObjectOutputStream(out).writeObject(message);byte[] bytes = out.toByteArray();
为了支持更多序列化算法，抽象一个 Serializer 接口
public interface Serializer {
// 反序列化方法
<T> T deserialize(Class<T> clazz, byte[] bytes);
// 序列化方法
<T> byte[] serialize(T object);
}
提供两个实现，我这里直接将实现加入了枚举类 Serializer.Algorithm 中
enum SerializerAlgorithm implements Serializer {
// Java 实现
Java {
@Override
public <T> T deserialize(Class<T> clazz, byte[] bytes) {
try {
ObjectInputStream in =
new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes));
Object object = in.readObject();
return (T) object;
} catch (IOException | ClassNotFoundException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("SerializerAlgorithm.Java 反序列化错误", e);
}
}
@Override
public <T> byte[] serialize(T object) {
try {
ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
new ObjectOutputStream(out).writeObject(object);
return out.toByteArray();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("SerializerAlgorithm.Java 序列化错误", e);
}
}
},
// Json 实现(引入了 Gson 依赖)
Json {
@Override
public <T> T deserialize(Class<T> clazz, byte[] bytes) {
return new Gson().fromJson(new String(bytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8), clazz);
}
@Override
public <T> byte[] serialize(T object) {
return new Gson().toJson(object).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
}
};
// 需要从协议的字节中得到是哪种序列化算法
public static SerializerAlgorithm getByInt(int type) {
SerializerAlgorithm[] array = SerializerAlgorithm.values();
if (type < 0 || type > array.length - 1) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("超过 SerializerAlgorithm 范围");
}
return array[type];
}
}
增加配置类和配置文件
public abstract class Config {
static Properties properties;
static {
try (InputStream in = Config.class.getResourceAsStream("/application.properties")) {
properties = new Properties();
properties.load(in);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e);
}
}
public static int getServerPort() {
String value = properties.getProperty("server.port");
if(value == null) {
return 8080;
} else {
return Integer.parseInt(value);
}
}
public static Serializer.Algorithm getSerializerAlgorithm() {
String value = properties.getProperty("serializer.algorithm");
if(value == null) {
return Serializer.Algorithm.Java;
} else {
return Serializer.Algorithm.valueOf(value);
}
}
}
配置文件 application.properties
serializer.algorithm=Json
修改编解码器
/**
* 必须和 LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder 一起使用，确保接到的 ByteBuf 消息是完整的
*/
public class MessageCodecSharable extends MessageToMessageCodec<ByteBuf, Message> {
@Override
public void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Message msg, List<Object> outList) throws Exception {
ByteBuf out = ctx.alloc().buffer();
// 1. 4 字节的魔数
out.writeBytes(new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4});
// 2. 1 字节的版本,
out.writeByte(1);
// 3. 1 字节的序列化方式 jdk 0 , json 1
out.writeByte(Config.getSerializerAlgorithm().ordinal());
// 4. 1 字节的指令类型
out.writeByte(msg.getMessageType());
// 5. 4 个字节
out.writeInt(msg.getSequenceId());
// 无意义，对齐填充
out.writeByte(0xff);
// 6. 获取内容的字节数组
byte[] bytes = Config.getSerializerAlgorithm().serialize(msg);
// 7. 长度
out.writeInt(bytes.length);
// 8. 写入内容
out.writeBytes(bytes);
outList.add(out);
}
@Override
protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in, List<Object> out) throws Exception {
int magicNum = in.readInt();
byte version = in.readByte();
byte serializerAlgorithm = in.readByte(); // 0 或 1
byte messageType = in.readByte(); // 0,1,2...
int sequenceId = in.readInt();
in.readByte();
int length = in.readInt();
byte[] bytes = new byte[length];
in.readBytes(bytes, 0, length);
// 找到反序列化算法
Serializer.Algorithm algorithm = Serializer.Algorithm.values()[serializerAlgorithm];
// 确定具体消息类型
Class<? extends Message> messageClass = Message.getMessageClass(messageType);
Message message = algorithm.deserialize(messageClass, bytes);
// log.debug("{}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}", magicNum, version, serializerType, messageType, sequenceId, length);
// log.debug("{}", message);
out.add(message);
}
}
其中确定具体消息类型，可以根据 消息类型字节 获取到对应的 消息 class
@Data
public abstract class Message implements Serializable {
/**
* 根据消息类型字节，获得对应的消息 class
* @param messageType 消息类型字节
* @return 消息 class
*/
public static Class<? extends Message> getMessageClass(int messageType) {
return messageClasses.get(messageType);
}
private int sequenceId;
private int messageType;
public abstract int getMessageType();
public static final int LoginRequestMessage = 0;
public static final int LoginResponseMessage = 1;
public static final int ChatRequestMessage = 2;
public static final int ChatResponseMessage = 3;
public static final int GroupCreateRequestMessage = 4;
public static final int GroupCreateResponseMessage = 5;
public static final int GroupJoinRequestMessage = 6;
public static final int GroupJoinResponseMessage = 7;
public static final int GroupQuitRequestMessage = 8;
public static final int GroupQuitResponseMessage = 9;
public static final int GroupChatRequestMessage = 10;
public static final int GroupChatResponseMessage = 11;
public static final int GroupMembersRequestMessage = 12;
public static final int GroupMembersResponseMessage = 13;
public static final int PingMessage = 14;
public static final int PongMessage = 15;
private static final Map<Integer, Class<? extends Message>> messageClasses = new HashMap<>();
static {
messageClasses.put(LoginRequestMessage, LoginRequestMessage.class);
messageClasses.put(LoginResponseMessage, LoginResponseMessage.class);
messageClasses.put(ChatRequestMessage, ChatRequestMessage.class);
messageClasses.put(ChatResponseMessage, ChatResponseMessage.class);
messageClasses.put(GroupCreateRequestMessage, GroupCreateRequestMessage.class);
messageClasses.put(GroupCreateResponseMessage, GroupCreateResponseMessage.class);
messageClasses.put(GroupJoinRequestMessage, GroupJoinRequestMessage.class);
messageClasses.put(GroupJoinResponseMessage, GroupJoinResponseMessage.class);
messageClasses.put(GroupQuitRequestMessage, GroupQuitRequestMessage.class);
messageClasses.put(GroupQuitResponseMessage, GroupQuitResponseMessage.class);
messageClasses.put(GroupChatRequestMessage, GroupChatRequestMessage.class);
messageClasses.put(GroupChatResponseMessage, GroupChatResponseMessage.class);
messageClasses.put(GroupMembersRequestMessage, GroupMembersRequestMessage.class);
messageClasses.put(GroupMembersResponseMessage, GroupMembersResponseMessage.class);
}
}
2. 参数调优
1. CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MILLIS
- 属于 SocketChannal 参数
- 用在客户端建立连接时，如果在指定毫秒内无法连接，会抛出 timeout 异常
- SO_TIMEOUT 主要用在阻塞 IO，阻塞 IO 中 accept，read 等都是无限等待的，如果不希望永远阻塞，使用它调整超时时间
源码部分 io.netty.channel.nio.AbstractNioChannel.AbstractNioUnsafe#connect@Slf4j public class TestConnectionTimeout { public static void main(String[] args) { NioEventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap() .group(group) .option(ChannelOption.CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, 300) .channel(NioSocketChannel.class) .handler(new LoggingHandler()); ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.connect("127.0.0.1", 8080); future.sync().channel().closeFuture().sync(); // 断点1 } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); log.debug("timeout"); } finally { group.shutdownGracefully(); } } }
2. SO_BACKLOG
属于 ServerSocketChannal 参数
- 第一次握手，client 发送 SYN 到 server，状态修改为 SYN_SEND，server 收到，状态改变为 SYN_REVD，并将该请求放入 sync queue 队列
- 第二次握手，server 回复 SYN + ACK 给 client，client 收到，状态改变为 ESTABLISHED，并发送 ACK 给 server
- 第三次握手，server 收到 ACK，状态改变为 ESTABLISHED，将该请求从 sync queue 放入 accept queue
在 linux 2.2 之前，backlog 大小包括了两个队列的大小，在 2.2 之后，分别用下面两个参数来控制
- sync queue - 半连接队列
- 大小通过 /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_max_syn_backlog 指定，在 syncookies 启用的情况下，逻辑上没有最大值限制，这个设置便被忽略
- accept queue - 全连接队列
- 其大小通过 /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn 指定，在使用 listen 函数时，内核会根据传入的 backlog 参数与系统参数，取二者的较小值
- 如果 accpet queue 队列满了，server 将发送一个拒绝连接的错误信息到 client
netty 中可以通过服务端 ServerSocketChannel 来设置大小
option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 值)
可以通过下面源码查看默认大小
public class DefaultServerSocketChannelConfig extends DefaultChannelConfig implements ServerSocketChannelConfig {
protected final ServerSocket javaSocket;
private volatile int backlog = NetUtil.SOMAXCONN;
...
}
演示SO_BACKLOG
课堂调试关键断点为：_io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop#processSelectedKey_
oio 中更容易说明，不用 debug 模式
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(8888, 2);
Socket accept = ss.accept();
System.out.println(accept);
System.in.read();
}
}
客户端启动 4 个
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
try {
Socket s = new Socket();
System.out.println(new Date()+" connecting...");
s.connect(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8888),1000);
System.out.println(new Date()+" connected...");
s.getOutputStream().write(1);
System.in.read();
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println(new Date()+" connecting timeout...");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
第 1，2，3 个客户端都打印，但除了第一个处于 accpet 外，其它两个都处于 accept queue 中
Tue Apr 21 20:30:28 CST 2020 connecting...
Tue Apr 21 20:30:28 CST 2020 connected...
第 4 个客户端连接时
Tue Apr 21 20:53:58 CST 2020 connecting...
Tue Apr 21 20:53:59 CST 2020 connecting timeout...
java.net.SocketTimeoutException: connect timed out
3. ulimit -n
属于操作系统参数，在运行时设置
4. TCP_NODELAY
属于SocketChannel参数，在服务端设置
serverBootstrap.childOption(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true);
5. SO_SNDBUF & SO_RCVBUF
- SO_SNDBUF 属于 SocketChannal 参数，作用是设置滑动窗口大小（不建议自己设置）
- SO_RCVBUF 既可用于 SocketChannal 参数，也可以用于 ServerSocketChannal 参数（建议设置到 ServerSocketChannal 上）
6. ALLOCATOR
- 属于 SocketChannal 参数
- 用来分配 ByteBuf (ctx.alloc())，设置一些基本信息(池化/非池化；堆内存/直接内存)
io.netty.buffer.ByteBufUtil.java-Dio.netty.allocator.type=unpooled -Dio.netty.noPreferDirect=true
7. RCVBUF_ALLOCATOR
- 属于 SocketChannal 参数
- 控制 netty 接收缓冲区大小
- 负责入站数据的分配，决定入站缓冲区的大小（并可动态调整），统一采用 direct 直接内存，具体池化还是非池化由 ALLOCATOR 决定
3. RPC框架
1. 准备工作
这些代码可以认为是现成的，无需从头编写练习 为了简化起见，在原来聊天项目的基础上新增 Rpc 请求和响应消息
@Data
public abstract class Message implements Serializable {
// 省略旧的代码
public static final int RPC_MESSAGE_TYPE_REQUEST = 101;
public static final int RPC_MESSAGE_TYPE_RESPONSE = 102;
static {
// ...
messageClasses.put(RPC_MESSAGE_TYPE_REQUEST, RpcRequestMessage.class);
messageClasses.put(RPC_MESSAGE_TYPE_RESPONSE, RpcResponseMessage.class);
}
}
cn.itcast.message.RpcRequestMessage
@Getter
@ToString(callSuper = true)
public class RpcRequestMessage extends Message {
/**
* 调用的接口全限定名，服务端根据它找到实现
*/
private String interfaceName;
/**
* 调用接口中的方法名
*/
private String methodName;
/**
* 方法返回类型
*/
private Class<?> returnType;
/**
* 方法参数类型数组
*/
private Class[] parameterTypes;
/**
* 方法参数值数组
*/
private Object[] parameterValue;
public RpcRequestMessage(int sequenceId, String interfaceName, String methodName, Class<?> returnType, Class[] parameterTypes, Object[] parameterValue) {
super.setSequenceId(sequenceId);
this.interfaceName = interfaceName;
this.methodName = methodName;
this.returnType = returnType;
this.parameterTypes = parameterTypes;
this.parameterValue = parameterValue;
}
@Override
public int getMessageType() {
return RPC_MESSAGE_TYPE_REQUEST;
}
}
cn.itcast.message.RpcResponseMessage
@Data
@ToString(callSuper = true)
public class RpcResponseMessage extends Message {
/**
* 返回值
*/
private Object returnValue;
/**
* 异常值
*/
private Exception exceptionValue;
@Override
public int getMessageType() {
return RPC_MESSAGE_TYPE_RESPONSE;
}
}
服务器基本架子
@Slf4j
public class RpcServer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
NioEventLoopGroup boss = new NioEventLoopGroup();
NioEventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup();
LoggingHandler LOGGING_HANDLER = new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG);
MessageCodecSharable MESSAGE_CODEC = new MessageCodecSharable();
// rpc 请求消息处理器，待实现
RpcRequestMessageHandler RPC_HANDLER = new RpcRequestMessageHandler();
try {
ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
serverBootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);
serverBootstrap.group(boss, worker);
serverBootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ProcotolFrameDecoder());
ch.pipeline().addLast(LOGGING_HANDLER);
ch.pipeline().addLast(MESSAGE_CODEC);
ch.pipeline().addLast(RPC_HANDLER);
}
});
Channel channel = serverBootstrap.bind(8080).sync().channel();
channel.closeFuture().sync();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
log.error("server error", e);
} finally {
boss.shutdownGracefully();
worker.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}
客户端基本架子
public class RpcClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
NioEventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
LoggingHandler LOGGING_HANDLER = new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG);
MessageCodecSharable MESSAGE_CODEC = new MessageCodecSharable();
// rpc 响应消息处理器，待实现
RpcResponseMessageHandler RPC_HANDLER = new RpcResponseMessageHandler();
try {
Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
bootstrap.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);
bootstrap.group(group);
bootstrap.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ProcotolFrameDecoder());
ch.pipeline().addLast(LOGGING_HANDLER);
ch.pipeline().addLast(MESSAGE_CODEC);
ch.pipeline().addLast(RPC_HANDLER);
}
});
Channel channel = bootstrap.connect("localhost", 8080).sync().channel();
channel.closeFuture().sync();
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("client error", e);
} finally {
group.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}
服务器端的 service 获取
public class ServicesFactory {
static Properties properties;
static Map<Class<?>, Object> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
static {
try (InputStream in = Config.class.getResourceAsStream("/application.properties")) {
properties = new Properties();
properties.load(in);
Set<String> names = properties.stringPropertyNames();
for (String name : names) {
if (name.endsWith("Service")) {
Class<?> interfaceClass = Class.forName(name);
Class<?> instanceClass = Class.forName(properties.getProperty(name));
map.put(interfaceClass, instanceClass.newInstance());
}
}
} catch (IOException | ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException e) {
throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e);
}
}
public static <T> T getService(Class<T> interfaceClass) {
return (T) map.get(interfaceClass);
}
}
读取配置文件中key的接口全名，从Map中找到对应实现类
application.properties
serializer.algorithm=Json
cn.itcast.server.service.HelloService=cn.itcast.server.service.HelloServiceImpl
2. 服务端Handler
@Slf4j
@ChannelHandler.Sharable
public class RpcRequestMessageHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<RpcRequestMessage> {
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, RpcRequestMessage msg) throws Exception {
//最后需要返回RpcResponseMessage对象
RpcResponseMessage response = new RpcResponseMessage();
try {
HelloService service = (HelloService) ServicesFactory.getService(Class.forName(msg.getInterfaceName()));
Method method = service.getClass().getMethod(msg.getMethodName(), msg.getParameterTypes());
Object value = method.invoke(service, msg.getParameterValue());
response.setReturnValue(value);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
response.setExceptionValue(e);
}
ctx.writeAndFlush(response);
}
}
3. 客户端第一版
1. 客户端代码
@Slf4j
public class RpcClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
NioEventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
LoggingHandler LOGGING_HANDLER = new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG);
MessageCodecSharable MESSAGE_CODEC = new MessageCodecSharable();
RpcResponseMessageHandler RPC_HANDLER = new RpcResponseMessageHandler();
try {
Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
bootstrap.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);
bootstrap.group(group);
bootstrap.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ProcotolFrameDecoder());
ch.pipeline().addLast(LOGGING_HANDLER);
ch.pipeline().addLast(MESSAGE_CODEC);
ch.pipeline().addLast(RPC_HANDLER);
}
});
Channel channel = bootstrap.connect("localhost", 8080).sync().channel();
channel.writeAndFlush(new RpcRequestMessage(
1,
"cn.itcast.server.service.HelloService",
"sayHello",
String.class,
new Class[]{String.class},
new Object[]{"张三"}
)).addListener(promise -> {
if (!promise.isSuccess()) {
Throwable cause = promise.cause();
log.error("error", cause);
}
});
channel.closeFuture().sync();
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("client error", e);
} finally {
group.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}
2. 客户端Handler
@Slf4j
@ChannelHandler.Sharable
public class RpcResponseMessageHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<RpcResponseMessage> {
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, RpcResponseMessage msg) throws Exception {
log.debug("msg：{}", msg);
}
}
4. 客户端第二版
1. 客户端代码
@Slf4j
public class RpcClient {
private static Channel channel;
//可以使用锁也可以使用 volatile 关键字标注的flag判断是否以及初始化Channel
private static final Object LOCK = new Object();
private static volatile boolean flag = false;
/**
* 获取Channel（单例）
*
* @param
* @return io.netty.channel.Channel
*/
private static Channel getChannel() {
if (!flag){
log.debug("创建channel");
initChannel();
flag = true;
}
return channel;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//获取HelloService实现类对象
HelloService helloService = getProxyService(HelloService.class);
System.out.println(helloService.sayHello("张三"));
System.out.println(helloService.sayHello("李四"));
System.out.println(helloService.sayHello("王五"));
}
/**
* 创建Service代理对象，根据客户端的参数Class，封装为RpcRequestMessage向服务器发起RPC调用，获取的结果封装到Promise对象中，最后返回
* @param serviceClass
* @return T
*/
private static <T> T getProxyService(Class<T> serviceClass){
Object instance = Proxy.newProxyInstance(serviceClass.getClassLoader(), new Class[]{serviceClass}, (proxy, method, args) -> {
//自动递增 id
int id = SequenceIdGenerator.nextId();
Channel channel = getChannel();
//封装数据向服务端发器调用
RpcClient.channel.writeAndFlush(new RpcRequestMessage(
id,
serviceClass.getName(),
method.getName(),
method.getReturnType(),
method.getParameterTypes(),
args
));
//通过Promise对象使 main线程与nio线程之间进行通信，异步获取返回结果
DefaultPromise<Object> promise = new DefaultPromise<>(channel.eventLoop());
//将promise保存到缓存中
RpcResponseMessageHandler.PROMISES.put(id, promise);
//等待Promise的调用完毕
promise.await();
if (promise.isSuccess()){
//调用成功
return promise.getNow();
}else {
// 调用失败
throw new RuntimeException(promise.cause());
}
});
return (T) instance;
}
/**
* 初始化Channel
* @param
* @return void
*/
private static void initChannel() {
NioEventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
LoggingHandler LOGGING_HANDLER = new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG);
MessageCodecSharable MESSAGE_CODEC = new MessageCodecSharable();
RpcResponseMessageHandler RPC_HANDLER = new RpcResponseMessageHandler();
Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
bootstrap.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);
bootstrap.group(group);
bootstrap.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ProcotolFrameDecoder());
ch.pipeline().addLast(LOGGING_HANDLER);
ch.pipeline().addLast(MESSAGE_CODEC);
ch.pipeline().addLast(RPC_HANDLER);
}
});
try {
//将Channel保存
channel = bootstrap.connect("localhost", 8080).sync().channel();
channel.closeFuture().addListener(future -> {
group.shutdownGracefully();
});
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("client error", e);
}
}
}
volatile关键字 第一：使用volatile关键字会强制将修改的值立即写入主存； 第二：使用volatile关键字的话，当线程2进行修改时，会导致线程1的工作内存中缓存变量stop的缓存行无效（反映到硬件层的话，就是CPU的L1或者L2缓存中对应的缓存行无效）； 第三：由于线程1的工作内存中缓存变量stop的缓存行无效，所以线程1再次读取变量stop的值时会去主存读取。
2. 客户端Handler
@Slf4j
@ChannelHandler.Sharable
public class RpcResponseMessageHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<RpcResponseMessage> {
//使用线程安全的 ConcurrentHashMap，用于存储客户端的Promise
public static final Map<Integer, Promise<Object>> PROMISES = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, RpcResponseMessage msg) throws Exception {
log.debug("msg：{}", msg);
//通过SequenceId获取对应的Promise，并将其删除
Promise<Object> promise = PROMISES.remove(msg.getSequenceId());
if (promise != null) {
if (msg.getExceptionValue() != null) {
//如果服务端调用出现异常则设置错误消息
promise.setFailure(msg.getExceptionValue());
} else {
//如果服务端调用成功更则设置返回值
promise.setSuccess(msg.getReturnValue());
}
}
}
}
5. 可能会出现的问题
如果在远程调用的服务中出现异常，例如
public class HelloServiceImpl implements HelloService {
@Override
public String sayHello(String msg) {
int i = 1 / 0;
return "你好, " + msg;
}
}
当客户端发起远程调用，出现下面异常并且打印了大量的异常信息
|00000640| 41 62 73 74 72 61 63 74 43 68 61 6e 6e 65 6c 48 |AbstractChannelH|
|00000650| 61 6e 64 6c 65 72 43 6f 6e 74 65 78 74 22 2c 22 |andlerContext","|
|00000660| 6d 65 74 68 6f 64 4e 61 6d 65 22 3a 22 66 69 72 |methodName":"fir|
|00000670| 65 43 68 61 6e 6e 65 6c 52 65 61 64 22 2c 22 66 |eChannelRead","f|
|00000680| 69 6c 65 4e 61 6d 65 22 3a 22 41 62 73 74 72 61 |ileName":"Abstra|
|00000690| 63 74 43 68 61 6e 6e 65 6c 48 61 6e 64 6c 65 72 |ctChannelHandler|
|000006a0| 43 6f 6e 74 65 78 74 2e 6a 61 76 61 22 2c 22 6c |Context.java","l|
|000006b0| 69 6e 65 4e 75 6d 62 65 72 22 3a 33 35 32 7d 2c |ineNumber":352},|
|000006c0| 7b 22 64 65 63 6c 61 72 69 6e 67 43 6c 61 73 73 |{"declaringClass|
|000006d0| 22 3a 22 69 6f 2e 6e 65 74 74 79 2e 68 61 6e 64 |":"io.netty.hand|
|000006e0| 6c 65 72 2e 63 6f 64 65 63 2e 4d 65 73 73 61 67 |ler.codec.Messag|
|000006f0| 65 54 6f 4d 65 73 73 61 67 65 44 65 63 6f 64 65 |eToMessageDecode|
|00000700| 72 22 2c 22 6d 65 74 68 6f 64 4e 61 6d 65 22 3a |r","methodName":|
|00000710| 22 63 68 61 6e 6e 65 6c 52 65 61 64 22 2c 22 66 |"channelRead","f|
|00000720| 69 6c 65 4e 61 6d 65 22 3a 22 4d 65 73 73 61 67 |ileName":"Messag|
|00000730| 65 54 6f 4d 65 73 73 61 67 65 44 65 63 6f 64 65 |eToMessageDecode|
|00000740| 72 2e 6a 61 76 61 22 2c 22 6c 69 6e 65 4e 75 6d |r.java","lineNum|
|00000750| 62 65 72 22 3a 31 30 32 7d 2c 7b 22 64 65 63 6c |ber":102},{"decl|
|00000760| 61 72 69 6e 67 43 6c 61 73 73 22 3a 22 69 6f 2e |aringClass":"io.|
|00000770| 6e 65 74 74 79 2e 68 61 6e 64 6c 65 72 2e 63 6f |netty.handler.co|
|00000780| 64 65 63 2e 4d 65 73 73 61 67 65 54 6f 4d 65 73 |dec.MessageToMes|
|00000790| 73 61 67 65 43 6f 64 65 63 22 2c 22 6d 65 74 68 |sageCodec","meth|
...
出现这个问题是因为，
二、源码分析
1. 启动剖析
1. 梗概
我们就来看看 netty 中对下面的代码是怎样进行处理的
//1 netty 中使用 NioEventLoopGroup （简称 nio boss 线程）来封装线程和 selector
Selector selector = Selector.open();
//2 创建 NioServerSocketChannel，同时会初始化它关联的 handler，以及为原生 ssc 存储 config
NioServerSocketChannel attachment = new NioServerSocketChannel();
//3 创建 NioServerSocketChannel 时，创建了 java 原生的 ServerSocketChannel
ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
//4 启动 nio boss 线程执行接下来的操作
//5 注册（仅关联 selector 和 NioServerSocketChannel），未关注事件
SelectionKey selectionKey = serverSocketChannel.register(selector, 0, attachment);
//6 head -> 初始化器 -> ServerBootstrapAcceptor -> tail，初始化器是一次性的，只为添加 acceptor
//7 绑定端口
serverSocketChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(8080));
//8 触发 channel active 事件，在 head 中关注 op_accept 事件
selectionKey.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
入口 io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap#bind
查看启动流程
private ChannelFuture doBind(final SocketAddress localAddress) {
// 1. 执行初始化和注册 regFuture 会由 initAndRegister 设置其是否完成，从而回调 3.2 处代码
final ChannelFuture regFuture = initAndRegister();
final Channel channel = regFuture.channel();
if (regFuture.cause() != null) {
return regFuture;
}
// 2. 因为是 initAndRegister 异步执行，需要分两种情况来看，调试时也需要通过 suspend 断点类型加以区分
// 2.1 如果已经完成
if (regFuture.isDone()) {
ChannelPromise promise = channel.newPromise();
// 3.1 立刻调用 doBind0
doBind0(regFuture, channel, localAddress, promise);
return promise;
}
// 2.2 还没有完成
else {
final PendingRegistrationPromise promise = new PendingRegistrationPromise(channel);
// 3.2 回调 doBind0
regFuture.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
@Override
public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
Throwable cause = future.cause();
if (cause != null) {
// 处理异常...
promise.setFailure(cause);
} else {
promise.registered();
// 3. 由注册线程去执行 doBind0
doBind0(regFuture, channel, localAddress, promise);
}
}
});
return promise;
}
}
2. 启动流程-init
关键代码 io.netty.bootstrap.AbstractBootstrap#initAndRegister
final ChannelFuture initAndRegister() {
Channel channel = null;
try {
//创建NioServerSocketChannel
channel = channelFactory.newChannel();
// 1.1 初始化 - 做的事就是添加一个初始化器 ChannelInitializer
init(channel);
} catch (Throwable t) {
// 处理异常...
return new DefaultChannelPromise(new FailedChannel(), GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE).setFailure(t);
}
// 1.2 注册 - 做的事就是将原生 channel 注册到 selector 上
ChannelFuture regFuture = config().group().register(channel);
if (regFuture.cause() != null) {
// 处理异常...
}
return regFuture;
}
关键代码 io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap#init
// 这里 channel 实际上是 NioServerSocketChannel
void init(Channel channel) throws Exception {
final Map<ChannelOption<?>, Object> options = options0();
synchronized (options) {
setChannelOptions(channel, options, logger);
}
final Map<AttributeKey<?>, Object> attrs = attrs0();
synchronized (attrs) {
for (Entry<AttributeKey<?>, Object> e: attrs.entrySet()) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
AttributeKey<Object> key = (AttributeKey<Object>) e.getKey();
channel.attr(key).set(e.getValue());
}
}
ChannelPipeline p = channel.pipeline();
final EventLoopGroup currentChildGroup = childGroup;
final ChannelHandler currentChildHandler = childHandler;
final Entry<ChannelOption<?>, Object>[] currentChildOptions;
final Entry<AttributeKey<?>, Object>[] currentChildAttrs;
synchronized (childOptions) {
currentChildOptions = childOptions.entrySet().toArray(newOptionArray(0));
}
synchronized (childAttrs) {
currentChildAttrs = childAttrs.entrySet().toArray(newAttrArray(0));
}
// 为 NioServerSocketChannel 添加初始化器
p.addLast(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {
@Override
public void initChannel(final Channel ch) throws Exception {
final ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
ChannelHandler handler = config.handler();
if (handler != null) {
pipeline.addLast(handler);
}
// 初始化器的职责是将 ServerBootstrapAcceptor 加入至 NioServerSocketChannel
ch.eventLoop().execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
pipeline.addLast(new ServerBootstrapAcceptor(
ch, currentChildGroup, currentChildHandler, currentChildOptions, currentChildAttrs));
}
});
}
});
}
3. 启动流程-register
关键代码 io.netty.channel.AbstractChannel.AbstractUnsafe#register
public final void register(EventLoop eventLoop, final ChannelPromise promise) {
// 一些检查，略...
AbstractChannel.this.eventLoop = eventLoop;
if (eventLoop.inEventLoop()) {
register0(promise);
} else {
try {
// 首次执行 execute 方法时，会启动 nio 线程，之后注册等操作在 nio 线程上执行
// 因为只有一个 NioServerSocketChannel 因此，也只会有一个 boss nio 线程
// 这行代码完成的事实是 main -> nio boss 线程的切换
eventLoop.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
register0(promise);
}
});
} catch (Throwable t) {
// 日志记录...
closeForcibly();
closeFuture.setClosed();
safeSetFailure(promise, t);
}
}
}
io.netty.channel.AbstractChannel.AbstractUnsafe#register0
private void register0(ChannelPromise promise) {
try {
if (!promise.setUncancellable() || !ensureOpen(promise)) {
return;
}
boolean firstRegistration = neverRegistered;
// 1.2.1 原生的 nio channel 绑定到 selector 上，注意此时没有注册 selector 关注事件，附件为 NioServerSocketChannel
doRegister();
neverRegistered = false;
registered = true;
// 1.2.2 执行 NioServerSocketChannel 初始化器的 initChannel
pipeline.invokeHandlerAddedIfNeeded();
// 回调 3.2 io.netty.bootstrap.AbstractBootstrap#doBind0
safeSetSuccess(promise);
pipeline.fireChannelRegistered();
// 对应 server socket channel 还未绑定，isActive 为 false
if (isActive()) {
if (firstRegistration) {
pipeline.fireChannelActive();
} else if (config().isAutoRead()) {
beginRead();
}
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
// Close the channel directly to avoid FD leak.
closeForcibly();
closeFuture.setClosed();
safeSetFailure(promise, t);
}
}
关键代码 io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer#initChannel
private boolean initChannel(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
if (initMap.add(ctx)) { // Guard against re-entrance.
try {
// 1.2.2.1 执行初始化
initChannel((C) ctx.channel());
} catch (Throwable cause) {
exceptionCaught(ctx, cause);
} finally {
// 1.2.2.2 移除初始化器
ChannelPipeline pipeline = ctx.pipeline();
if (pipeline.context(this) != null) {
pipeline.remove(this);
}
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
4. 启动流程-doBind
关键代码 io.netty.bootstrap.AbstractBootstrap#doBind0
// 3.1 或 3.2 执行 doBind0
private static void doBind0(
final ChannelFuture regFuture, final Channel channel,
final SocketAddress localAddress, final ChannelPromise promise) {
channel.eventLoop().execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
if (regFuture.isSuccess()) {
channel.bind(localAddress, promise).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE_ON_FAILURE);
} else {
promise.setFailure(regFuture.cause());
}
}
});
}
关键代码 io.netty.channel.AbstractChannel.AbstractUnsafe#bind
public final void bind(final SocketAddress localAddress, final ChannelPromise promise) {
assertEventLoop();
if (!promise.setUncancellable() || !ensureOpen(promise)) {
return;
}
if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(config().getOption(ChannelOption.SO_BROADCAST)) &&
localAddress instanceof InetSocketAddress &&
!((InetSocketAddress) localAddress).getAddress().isAnyLocalAddress() &&
!PlatformDependent.isWindows() && !PlatformDependent.maybeSuperUser()) {
// 记录日志...
}
boolean wasActive = isActive();
try {
// 3.3 执行端口绑定
doBind(localAddress);
} catch (Throwable t) {
safeSetFailure(promise, t);
closeIfClosed();
return;
}
if (!wasActive && isActive()) {
invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// 3.4 触发 active 事件
pipeline.fireChannelActive();
}
});
}
safeSetSuccess(promise);
}
关键代码 io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel#doBind
protected void doBind(SocketAddress localAddress) throws Exception {
if (PlatformDependent.javaVersion() >= 7) {
javaChannel().bind(localAddress, config.getBacklog());
} else {
javaChannel().socket().bind(localAddress, config.getBacklog());
}
}
5. 启动流程-关注Accept事件
关键代码 io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline.HeadContext#channelActive
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
ctx.fireChannelActive();
// 触发 read (NioServerSocketChannel 上的 read 不是读取数据，只是为了触发 channel 的事件注册)
readIfIsAutoRead();
}
关键代码 io.netty.channel.nio.AbstractNioChannel#doBeginRead
protected void doBeginRead() throws Exception {
// Channel.read() or ChannelHandlerContext.read() was called
final SelectionKey selectionKey = this.selectionKey;
if (!selectionKey.isValid()) {
return;
}
readPending = true;
final int interestOps = selectionKey.interestOps();
// readInterestOp 取值是 16，在 NioServerSocketChannel 创建时初始化好，代表关注 accept 事件
if ((interestOps & readInterestOp) == 0) {
selectionKey.interestOps(interestOps | readInterestOp);
}
}
6. 整体启动流程图
2. NioEventLoop 剖析
NioEventLoop 线程不仅要处理 IO 事件，还要处理 Task（包括普通任务和定时任务），
提交任务代码 io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor#execute
public void execute(Runnable task) {
if (task == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("task");
}
boolean inEventLoop = inEventLoop();
// 添加任务，其中队列使用了 jctools 提供的 mpsc 无锁队列
addTask(task);
if (!inEventLoop) {
// inEventLoop 如果为 false 表示由其它线程来调用 execute，即首次调用，这时需要向 eventLoop 提交首个任务，启动死循环，会执行到下面的 doStartThread
startThread();
if (isShutdown()) {
// 如果已经 shutdown，做拒绝逻辑，代码略...
}
}
if (!addTaskWakesUp && wakesUpForTask(task)) {
// 如果线程由于 IO select 阻塞了，添加的任务的线程需要负责唤醒 NioEventLoop 线程
wakeup(inEventLoop);
}
}
唤醒 select 阻塞线程io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop#wakeup
@Override
protected void wakeup(boolean inEventLoop) {
if (!inEventLoop && wakenUp.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
selector.wakeup();
}
}
启动 EventLoop 主循环 io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor#doStartThread
private void doStartThread() {
assert thread == null;
executor.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// 将线程池的当前线程保存在成员变量中，以便后续使用
thread = Thread.currentThread();
if (interrupted) {
thread.interrupt();
}
boolean success = false;
updateLastExecutionTime();
try {
// 调用外部类 SingleThreadEventExecutor 的 run 方法，进入死循环，run 方法见下
SingleThreadEventExecutor.this.run();
success = true;
} catch (Throwable t) {
logger.warn("Unexpected exception from an event executor: ", t);
} finally {
// 清理工作，代码略...
}
}
});
}
io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop#run 主要任务是执行死循环，不断看有没有新任务，有没有 IO 事件
protected void run() {
for (;;) {
try {
try {
// calculateStrategy 的逻辑如下：
// 有任务，会执行一次 selectNow，清除上一次的 wakeup 结果，无论有没有 IO 事件，都会跳过 switch
// 没有任务，会匹配 SelectStrategy.SELECT，看是否应当阻塞
switch (selectStrategy.calculateStrategy(selectNowSupplier, hasTasks())) {
case SelectStrategy.CONTINUE:
continue;
case SelectStrategy.BUSY_WAIT:
case SelectStrategy.SELECT:
// 因为 IO 线程和提交任务线程都有可能执行 wakeup，而 wakeup 属于比较昂贵的操作，因此使用了一个原子布尔对象 wakenUp，它取值为 true 时，表示该由当前线程唤醒
// 进行 select 阻塞，并设置唤醒状态为 false
boolean oldWakenUp = wakenUp.getAndSet(false);
// 如果在这个位置，非 EventLoop 线程抢先将 wakenUp 置为 true，并 wakeup
// 下面的 select 方法不会阻塞
// 等 runAllTasks 处理完成后，到再循环进来这个阶段新增的任务会不会及时执行呢?
// 因为 oldWakenUp 为 true，因此下面的 select 方法就会阻塞，直到超时
// 才能执行，让 select 方法无谓阻塞
select(oldWakenUp);
if (wakenUp.get()) {
selector.wakeup();
}
default:
}
} catch (IOException e) {
rebuildSelector0();
handleLoopException(e);
continue;
}
cancelledKeys = 0;
needsToSelectAgain = false;
// ioRatio 默认是 50
final int ioRatio = this.ioRatio;
if (ioRatio == 100) {
try {
processSelectedKeys();
} finally {
// ioRatio 为 100 时，总是运行完所有非 IO 任务
runAllTasks();
}
} else {
final long ioStartTime = System.nanoTime();
try {
processSelectedKeys();
} finally {
// 记录 io 事件处理耗时
final long ioTime = System.nanoTime() - ioStartTime;
// 运行非 IO 任务，一旦超时会退出 runAllTasks
runAllTasks(ioTime * (100 - ioRatio) / ioRatio);
}
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
handleLoopException(t);
}
try {
if (isShuttingDown()) {
closeAll();
if (confirmShutdown()) {
return;
}
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
handleLoopException(t);
}
}
}
⚠️ 注意
这里有个费解的地方就是 wakeup，它既可以由提交任务的线程来调用（比较好理解），也可以由 EventLoop 线程来调用（比较费解），这里要知道 wakeup 方法的效果：
- 由非 EventLoop 线程调用，会唤醒当前在执行 select 阻塞的 EventLoop 线程
- 由 EventLoop 自己调用，会本次的 wakeup 会取消下一次的 select 操作
参考下图
io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop#select
private void select(boolean oldWakenUp) throws IOException {
Selector selector = this.selector;
try {
int selectCnt = 0;
long currentTimeNanos = System.nanoTime();
// 计算等待时间
// * 没有 scheduledTask，超时时间为 1s
// * 有 scheduledTask，超时时间为 `下一个定时任务执行时间 - 当前时间`
long selectDeadLineNanos = currentTimeNanos + delayNanos(currentTimeNanos);
for (;;) {
long timeoutMillis = (selectDeadLineNanos - currentTimeNanos + 500000L) / 1000000L;
// 如果超时，退出循环
if (timeoutMillis <= 0) {
if (selectCnt == 0) {
selector.selectNow();
selectCnt = 1;
}
break;
}
// 如果期间又有 task 退出循环，如果没这个判断，那么任务就会等到下次 select 超时时才能被执行
// wakenUp.compareAndSet(false, true) 是让非 NioEventLoop 不必再执行 wakeup
if (hasTasks() && wakenUp.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
selector.selectNow();
selectCnt = 1;
break;
}
// select 有限时阻塞
// 注意 nio 有 bug，当 bug 出现时，select 方法即使没有时间发生，也不会阻塞住，导致不断空轮询，cpu 占用 100%
int selectedKeys = selector.select(timeoutMillis);
// 计数加 1
selectCnt ++;
// 醒来后，如果有 IO 事件、或是由非 EventLoop 线程唤醒，或者有任务，退出循环
if (selectedKeys != 0 || oldWakenUp || wakenUp.get() || hasTasks() || hasScheduledTasks()) {
break;
}
if (Thread.interrupted()) {
// 线程被打断，退出循环
// 记录日志
selectCnt = 1;
break;
}
long time = System.nanoTime();
if (time - TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toNanos(timeoutMillis) >= currentTimeNanos) {
// 如果超时，计数重置为 1，下次循环就会 break
selectCnt = 1;
}
// 计数超过阈值，由 io.netty.selectorAutoRebuildThreshold 指定，默认 512
// 这是为了解决 nio 空轮询 bug
else if (SELECTOR_AUTO_REBUILD_THRESHOLD > 0 &&
selectCnt >= SELECTOR_AUTO_REBUILD_THRESHOLD) {
// 重建 selector
selector = selectRebuildSelector(selectCnt);
selectCnt = 1;
break;
}
currentTimeNanos = time;
}
if (selectCnt > MIN_PREMATURE_SELECTOR_RETURNS) {
// 记录日志
}
} catch (CancelledKeyException e) {
// 记录日志
}
}
处理 keys io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop#processSelectedKeys
private void processSelectedKeys() {
if (selectedKeys != null) {
// 通过反射将 Selector 实现类中的就绪事件集合替换为 SelectedSelectionKeySet
// SelectedSelectionKeySet 底层为数组实现，可以提高遍历性能（原本为 HashSet）
processSelectedKeysOptimized();
} else {
processSelectedKeysPlain(selector.selectedKeys());
}
}
io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop#processSelectedKey
private void processSelectedKey(SelectionKey k, AbstractNioChannel ch) {
final AbstractNioChannel.NioUnsafe unsafe = ch.unsafe();
// 当 key 取消或关闭时会导致这个 key 无效
if (!k.isValid()) {
// 无效时处理...
return;
}
try {
int readyOps = k.readyOps();
// 连接事件
if ((readyOps & SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT) != 0) {
int ops = k.interestOps();
ops &= ~SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT;
k.interestOps(ops);
unsafe.finishConnect();
}
// 可写事件
if ((readyOps & SelectionKey.OP_WRITE) != 0) {
ch.unsafe().forceFlush();
}
// 可读或可接入事件
if ((readyOps & (SelectionKey.OP_READ | SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT)) != 0 || readyOps == 0) {
// 如果是可接入 io.netty.channel.nio.AbstractNioMessageChannel.NioMessageUnsafe#read
// 如果是可读 io.netty.channel.nio.AbstractNioByteChannel.NioByteUnsafe#read
unsafe.read();
}
} catch (CancelledKeyException ignored) {
unsafe.close(unsafe.voidPromise());
}
}
3. accept 剖析
nio 中如下代码，在 netty 中的流程
//1 阻塞直到事件发生
selector.select();
Iterator<SelectionKey> iter = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
while (iter.hasNext()) {
//2 拿到一个事件
SelectionKey key = iter.next();
//3 如果是 accept 事件
if (key.isAcceptable()) {
//4 执行 accept
SocketChannel channel = serverSocketChannel.accept();
channel.configureBlocking(false);
//5 关注 read 事件
channel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
}
// ...
}
先来看可接入事件处理（accept）
io.netty.channel.nio.AbstractNioMessageChannel.NioMessageUnsafe#read
public void read() {
assert eventLoop().inEventLoop();
final ChannelConfig config = config();
final ChannelPipeline pipeline = pipeline();
final RecvByteBufAllocator.Handle allocHandle = unsafe().recvBufAllocHandle();
allocHandle.reset(config);
boolean closed = false;
Throwable exception = null;
try {
try {
do {
// doReadMessages 中执行了 accept 并创建 NioSocketChannel 作为消息放入 readBuf
// readBuf 是一个 ArrayList 用来缓存消息
int localRead = doReadMessages(readBuf);
if (localRead == 0) {
break;
}
if (localRead < 0) {
closed = true;
break;
}
// localRead 为 1，就一条消息，即接收一个客户端连接
allocHandle.incMessagesRead(localRead);
} while (allocHandle.continueReading());
} catch (Throwable t) {
exception = t;
}
int size = readBuf.size();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i ++) {
readPending = false;
// 触发 read 事件，让 pipeline 上的 handler 处理，这时是处理
// io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap.ServerBootstrapAcceptor#channelRead
pipeline.fireChannelRead(readBuf.get(i));
}
readBuf.clear();
allocHandle.readComplete();
pipeline.fireChannelReadComplete();
if (exception != null) {
closed = closeOnReadError(exception);
pipeline.fireExceptionCaught(exception);
}
if (closed) {
inputShutdown = true;
if (isOpen()) {
close(voidPromise());
}
}
} finally {
if (!readPending && !config.isAutoRead()) {
removeReadOp();
}
}
}
关键代码 io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap.ServerBootstrapAcceptor#channelRead
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {
// 这时的 msg 是 NioSocketChannel
final Channel child = (Channel) msg;
// NioSocketChannel 添加 childHandler 即初始化器
child.pipeline().addLast(childHandler);
// 设置选项
setChannelOptions(child, childOptions, logger);
for (Entry<AttributeKey<?>, Object> e: childAttrs) {
child.attr((AttributeKey<Object>) e.getKey()).set(e.getValue());
}
try {
// 注册 NioSocketChannel 到 nio worker 线程，接下来的处理也移交至 nio worker 线程
childGroup.register(child).addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
@Override
public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
if (!future.isSuccess()) {
forceClose(child, future.cause());
}
}
});
} catch (Throwable t) {
forceClose(child, t);
}
}
又回到了熟悉的 io.netty.channel.AbstractChannel.AbstractUnsafe#register 方法
public final void register(EventLoop eventLoop, final ChannelPromise promise) {
// 一些检查，略...
AbstractChannel.this.eventLoop = eventLoop;
if (eventLoop.inEventLoop()) {
register0(promise);
} else {
try {
// 这行代码完成的事实是 nio boss -> nio worker 线程的切换
eventLoop.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
register0(promise);
}
});
} catch (Throwable t) {
// 日志记录...
closeForcibly();
closeFuture.setClosed();
safeSetFailure(promise, t);
}
}
}
io.netty.channel.AbstractChannel.AbstractUnsafe#register0
private void register0(ChannelPromise promise) {
try {
if (!promise.setUncancellable() || !ensureOpen(promise)) {
return;
}
boolean firstRegistration = neverRegistered;
doRegister();
neverRegistered = false;
registered = true;
// 执行初始化器，执行前 pipeline 中只有 head -> 初始化器 -> tail
pipeline.invokeHandlerAddedIfNeeded();
// 执行后就是 head -> logging handler -> my handler -> tail
safeSetSuccess(promise);
pipeline.fireChannelRegistered();
if (isActive()) {
if (firstRegistration) {
// 触发 pipeline 上 active 事件
pipeline.fireChannelActive();
} else if (config().isAutoRead()) {
beginRead();
}
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
closeForcibly();
closeFuture.setClosed();
safeSetFailure(promise, t);
}
}
回到了熟悉的代码 io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline.HeadContext#channelActive
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
ctx.fireChannelActive();
// 触发 read (NioSocketChannel 这里 read，只是为了触发 channel 的事件注册，还未涉及数据读取)
readIfIsAutoRead();
}
io.netty.channel.nio.AbstractNioChannel#doBeginRead
protected void doBeginRead() throws Exception {
// Channel.read() or ChannelHandlerContext.read() was called
final SelectionKey selectionKey = this.selectionKey;
if (!selectionKey.isValid()) {
return;
}
readPending = true;
// 这时候 interestOps 是 0
final int interestOps = selectionKey.interestOps();
if ((interestOps & readInterestOp) == 0) {
// 关注 read 事件
selectionKey.interestOps(interestOps | readInterestOp);
}
}
4. read 剖析
再来看可读事件 io.netty.channel.nio.AbstractNioByteChannel.NioByteUnsafe#read，注意发送的数据未必能够一次读完，因此会触发多次 nio read 事件，一次事件内会触发多次 pipeline read，一次事件会触发一次 pipeline read complete
public final void read() {
final ChannelConfig config = config();
if (shouldBreakReadReady(config)) {
clearReadPending();
return;
}
final ChannelPipeline pipeline = pipeline();
// io.netty.allocator.type 决定 allocator 的实现
final ByteBufAllocator allocator = config.getAllocator();
// 用来分配 byteBuf，确定单次读取大小
final RecvByteBufAllocator.Handle allocHandle = recvBufAllocHandle();
allocHandle.reset(config);
ByteBuf byteBuf = null;
boolean close = false;
try {
do {
byteBuf = allocHandle.allocate(allocator);
// 读取
allocHandle.lastBytesRead(doReadBytes(byteBuf));
if (allocHandle.lastBytesRead() <= 0) {
byteBuf.release();
byteBuf = null;
close = allocHandle.lastBytesRead() < 0;
if (close) {
readPending = false;
}
break;
}
allocHandle.incMessagesRead(1);
readPending = false;
// 触发 read 事件，让 pipeline 上的 handler 处理，这时是处理 NioSocketChannel 上的 handler
pipeline.fireChannelRead(byteBuf);
byteBuf = null;
}
// 是否要继续循环
while (allocHandle.continueReading());
allocHandle.readComplete();
// 触发 read complete 事件
pipeline.fireChannelReadComplete();
if (close) {
closeOnRead(pipeline);
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
handleReadException(pipeline, byteBuf, t, close, allocHandle);
} finally {
if (!readPending && !config.isAutoRead()) {
removeReadOp();
}
}
}
io.netty.channel.DefaultMaxMessagesRecvByteBufAllocator.MaxMessageHandle#continueReading(io.netty.util.UncheckedBooleanSupplier)
public boolean continueReading(UncheckedBooleanSupplier maybeMoreDataSupplier) {
return
// 一般为 true
config.isAutoRead() &&
// respectMaybeMoreData 默认为 true
// maybeMoreDataSupplier 的逻辑是如果预期读取字节与实际读取字节相等，返回 true
(!respectMaybeMoreData || maybeMoreDataSupplier.get()) &&
// 小于最大次数，maxMessagePerRead 默认 16
totalMessages < maxMessagePerRead &&
// 实际读到了数据
totalBytesRead > 0;
}
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