- MongoDB官方文档中文版
- MongoDB用户手册
- MongoDB简介
- 安装 MongoDB
- 安装MongoDB社区版
- 安装MongoDB企业版
- 将社区版MongoDB升级到企业版MongoDB
- 验证MongoDB软件包的完整性
- Mongo Shell
- 增删改查操作
- 聚合
- 数据模式
- 数据建模介绍
- 模式验证
- Data Modeling Concepts
- Data Model Examples and Patterns
- Model Relationships Between Documents
- Model One-to-One Relationships with Embedded Documents
- Model One-to-Many Relationships with Embedded Documents
- Model One-to-Many Relationships with Document References
- Model Tree Structures
- Model Tree Structures with Parent References
- Model Tree Structures with Child References
- Model Tree Structures with an Array of Ancestors
- Model Tree Structures with Materialized Paths
- Model Tree Structures with Nested Sets
- Model Specific Application Contexts
- Model Data for Atomic Operations
- Model Data to Support Keyword Search
- Model Data for Schema Versioning
- Model Monetary Data
- Model Time Data
- Model Computed Data
- Data Model Reference
- 事务
- 索引
- Single Field Indexes
- Compound Indexes
- Multikey Indexes
- Text Indexes
- Wildcard Indexes
- 2dsphere Indexes
- 2d Indexes
- geoHaystack Indexes
- Hashed Indexes
- 索引特性
- Index Builds on Populated Collections
- 索引交集
- Manage Indexes
- 衡量索引使用
- Indexing Strategies
- Indexing Reference
- 2d索引
- 2dsphere索引
- 复合索引
- geoHaystack索引
- Hashed 索引
- 在填充的集合上建立索引
- 索引参考
- 索引策略
- 管理索引
- 多键索引
- 单字段索引
- 文本索引
- 通配符索引
- 安全
- 安全检查列表
- Enable Access Control
- 身份验证
- Users
- Add Users
- Authentication Mechanisms
- SCRAM
- x.509
- Enterprise Authentication Mechanisms
- Kerberos Authentication
- LDAP Proxy Authentication
- LDAP Authorization
- Internal/Membership Authentication
- Deploy Replica Set With Keyfile Authentication
- Update Replica Set to Keyfile Authentication
- Update Replica Set to Keyfile Authentication (No Downtime)
- Rotate Keys for Replica Sets
- Deploy Sharded Cluster with Keyfile Authentication
- Update Sharded Cluster to Keyfile Authentication
- Update Sharded Cluster to Keyfile Authentication (No Downtime)
- Rotate Keys for Sharded Clusters
- Use x.509 Certificate for Membership Authentication
- Upgrade from Keyfile Authentication to x.509 Authentication
- Rolling Update of x.509 Cluster Certificates that Contain New DN
- Role-Based Access Control
- TLS/SSL (Transport Encryption)
- Encryption at Rest
- Client-Side Field Level Encryption
- 审计
- Network and Configuration Hardening
- Implement Field Level Redaction
- Security Reference
- Create a Vulnerability Report
- Appendix
- 附录
- 启用访问控制
- 网络和配置强化
- 安全参考
- 改变流
- 复制集
- 复制集成员
- 副本集日志
- Replica Set Data Synchronization
- 副本集部署架构
- Replica Set High Availability
- Replica Set Read and Write Semantics
- Replica Set Deployment Tutorials
- Member Configuration Tutorials
- Replica Set Maintenance Tutorials
- Change the Size of the Oplog
- Perform Maintenance on Replica Set Members
- Force a Member to Become Primary
- Resync a Member of a Replica Set
- Configure Replica Set Tag Sets
- Reconfigure a Replica Set with Unavailable Members
- Manage Chained Replication
- Change Hostnames in a Replica Set
- Configure a Secondary’s Sync Target
- Replication Reference
- 副本集数据同步
- 分片
- 分片集群组成]
- 片键
- 哈希分片
- 范围分片
- 部署分片集群
- 区域
- Data Partitioning with Chunks
- Balancer
- Administration
- Config Server Administration
- Replace a Config Server
- View Cluster Configuration
- Restart a Sharded Cluster
- Migrate a Sharded Cluster to Different Hardware
- Add Shards to a Cluster
- Remove Shards from an Existing Sharded Cluster
- Clear jumbo Flag
- Back Up Cluster Metadata
- Convert Sharded Cluster to Replica Set
- Convert a Replica Set to a Sharded Cluster
- Convert a Shard Standalone to a Shard Replica Set
- Sharding Reference
- 分片键
- Zone
- 管理权限
- 产品说明
- Operations Checklist
- Development Checklist
- Performance
- 配置和维护
- Data Center Awareness
- MongoDB Backup Methods
- Back Up and Restore with Filesystem Snapshots
- Back Up and Restore with MongoDB Tools
- Restore a Replica Set from MongoDB Backups
- Backup and Restore Sharded Clusters
- Back Up a Sharded Cluster with File System Snapshots
- Back Up a Sharded Cluster with Database Dumps
- Schedule Backup Window for Sharded Clusters
- Restore a Sharded Cluster
- Recover a Standalone after an Unexpected Shutdown
- Monitoring for MongoDB
- 开发检查表
- MogoDB 备份方法
- 操作检查表
- MongoDB性能
- 存储
- 常见问题
- 参考
- Operators
- Query and Projection Operators
- Comparison Query Operators
- Logical Query Operators
- Element Query Operators
- Evaluation Query Operators
- Geospatial Query Operators
- Array Query Operators
- Bitwise Query Operators
- $comment
- 查询与映射运算符
- 更新运算符
- Field Update Operators
- Array Update Operators
- Bitwise Update Operator
- Aggregation Pipeline Stages
- $addFields (aggregation)
- $bucket (aggregation)
- $bucketAuto (aggregation)
- $collStats (aggregation)
- $count (aggregation)
- $currentOp (aggregation)
- $facet (aggregation)
- $geoNear (aggregation)
- $graphLookup (aggregation)
- $group (aggregation)
- $indexStats (aggregation)
- $limit (aggregation)
- $listLocalSessions
- $listSessions
- $lookup (aggregation)
- $match (aggregation)
- $merge (aggregation)
- $out (aggregation)
- $planCacheStats
- $project (aggregation)
- $redact (aggregation)
- $replaceRoot (aggregation)
- $replaceWith (aggregation)
- $sample (aggregation)
- $set (aggregation)
- $skip (aggregation)
- $sort (aggregation)
- $sortByCount (aggregation)
- $unionWith (aggregation)
- $unset (aggregation)
- $unwind (aggregation)
- Aggregation Pipeline Operators
- $sin (aggregation)
- $abs (aggregation)
- $slice (aggregation)
- $accumulator (aggregation)
- $split (aggregation)
- $acos (aggregation)
- $sqrt (aggregation)
- $acosh (aggregation)
- $add (aggregation)
- $addToSet (aggregation)
- $allElementsTrue (aggregation)
- $and (aggregation)
- $anyElementTrue (aggregation)
- $arrayElemAt (aggregation)
- $arrayToObject (aggregation)
- $asin (aggregation)
- $asinh (aggregation)
- $sum (aggregation)
- $atan (aggregation)
- $atan2 (aggregation)
- $tan (aggregation)
- $atanh (aggregation)
- $avg (aggregation)
- $binarySize (aggregation)
- $bsonSize (aggregation)
- $ceil (aggregation)
- $toInt (aggregation)
- $cmp (aggregation)
- $concat (aggregation)
- $concatArrays (aggregation)
- $cond (aggregation)
- $convert (aggregation)
- $cos (aggregation)
- $dateFromParts (aggregation)
- $dateToParts (aggregation)
- $type (aggregation)
- $dateFromString (aggregation)
- $week (aggregation)
- $dateToString (aggregation)
- $year (aggregation)
- $dayOfMonth (aggregation)
- $zip (aggregation)
- $dayOfWeek (aggregation)
- $dayOfYear (aggregation)
- $degreesToRadians (aggregation)
- $divide (aggregation)
- $eq (aggregation)
- $exp (aggregation)
- $filter (aggregation)
- $first (aggregation accumulator)
- $first (aggregation)
- $floor (aggregation)
- $function (aggregation)
- $gt (aggregation)
- $gte (aggregation)
- $hour (aggregation)
- $ifNull (aggregation)
- $in (aggregation)
- $indexOfArray (aggregation)
- $indexOfBytes (aggregation)
- $indexOfCP (aggregation)
- $isArray (aggregation)
- $isNumber (aggregation)
- $isoDayOfWeek (aggregation)
- $isoWeek (aggregation)
- $isoWeekYear (aggregation)
- $last (aggregation accumulator)
- $last (aggregation)
- $let (aggregation)
- $literal (aggregation)
- $ln (aggregation)
- $log (aggregation)
- $log10 (aggregation)
- $lt (aggregation)
- $lte (aggregation)
- $trim (aggregation)
- $map (aggregation)
- $max (aggregation)
- $mergeObjects (aggregation)
- $meta
- $min (aggregation)
- $millisecond (aggregation)
- $minute (aggregation)
- $mod (aggregation)
- $month (aggregation)
- $multiply (aggregation)
- $ne (aggregation)
- $not (aggregation)
- $objectToArray (aggregation)
- $or (aggregation)
- $pow (aggregation)
- $push (aggregation)
- $radiansToDegrees (aggregation)
- $range (aggregation)
- $reduce (aggregation)
- $regexFind (aggregation)
- $regexFindAll (aggregation)
- $regexMatch (aggregation)
- $replaceOne (aggregation)
- $replaceAll (aggregation)
- $reverseArray (aggregation)
- $round (aggregation)
- $rtrim (aggregation)
- $second (aggregation)
- $setDifference (aggregation)
- $setEquals (aggregation)
- $setIntersection (aggregation)
- $setIsSubset (aggregation)
- $setUnion (aggregation)
- $size (aggregation)
- $slice (aggregation)
- $split (aggregation)
- $sqrt (aggregation)
- $stdDevPop (aggregation)
- $stdDevSamp (aggregation)
- $strcasecmp (aggregation)
- $strLenBytes (aggregation)
- $strLenCP (aggregation)
- $substr (aggregation)
- $substrBytes (aggregation)
- $substrCP (aggregation)
- $subtract (aggregation)
- $sum (aggregation)
- $switch (aggregation)
- $tan (aggregation)
- $toBool (aggregation)
- $toDate (aggregation)
- $toDecimal (aggregation)
- $toDouble(aggregation)
- $toInt (aggregation)
- $toLong (aggregation)
- $toObjectId (aggregation)
- $toString (aggregation)
- $toLower (aggregation)
- $toUpper (aggregation)
- $trim (aggregation)
- $trunc (aggregation)
- $type (aggregation)
- $week (aggregation)
- $year (aggregation)
- $zip (aggregation)
- 查询修饰符
- $comment
- $explain
- $hint
- $max
- $maxTimeMS
- $min
- $orderby
- $query
- $returnKey
- $showDiskLoc
- $natural
- 聚合管道操作符
- $abs (aggregation)
- $acos (aggregation)
- $acosh (aggregation)
- $add (aggregation)
- $addToSet (aggregation)
- $and (aggregation)
- $anyElementTrue (aggregation)
- $arrayElemAt (aggregation)
- $arrayToObject (aggregation)
- $asin (aggregation)
- $asinh (aggregation)
- $atan (aggregation)
- $atan2 (aggregation)
- $atanh (aggregation)
- $avg (aggregation)
- $ceil (aggregation)
- $cmp (aggregation)
- $concat (aggregation)
- $concatArrays (aggregation)
- $cond (aggregation)
- $convert (aggregation)
- $cos (aggregation)
- $dateFromParts (aggregation)
- $dateFromString (aggregation)
- $dateToParts (aggregation)
- $dateToString (aggregation)
- $literal (aggregation)
- 聚合管道阶段
- 数据库命令
- Aggregation Commands
- aggregate
- count
- distinct
- mapReduce
- Geospatial Commands
- geoSearch
- Query and Write Operation Commands
- delete
- find
- findAndModify
- getLastError
- getMore
- insert
- resetError
- update
- 查询计划缓存命令
- planCacheClear
- planCacheClearFilters
- planCacheListFilters
- planCacheSetFilter
- 认证命令
- authenticate
- getnonce
- logout
- User Management Commands
- createUser
- dropAllUsersFromDatabase
- dropUser
- grantRolesToUser
- revokeRolesFromUser
- updateUser
- usersInfo
- Role Management Commands
- createRole
- dropRole
- dropAllRolesFromDatabase
- grantPrivilegesToRole
- grantRolesToRole
- invalidateUserCache
- revokePrivilegesFromRole
- revokeRolesFromRole
- rolesInfo
- updateRole
- Replication Commands
- applyOps
- isMaster
- replSetAbortPrimaryCatchUp
- replSetFreeze
- replSetGetConfig
- replSetGetStatus
- replSetInitiate
- replSetMaintenance
- replSetReconfig
- replSetResizeOplog
- replSetStepDown
- replSetSyncFrom
- Sharding Commands
- addShard
- addShardToZone
- balancerCollectionStatus
- balancerStart
- balancerStatus
- balancerStop
- checkShardingIndex
- clearJumboFlag
- cleanupOrphaned
- enableSharding
- flushRouterConfig
- getShardMap
- getShardVersion
- isdbgrid
- listShards
- medianKey
- moveChunk
- movePrimary
- mergeChunks
- refineCollectionShardKey
- removeShard
- removeShardFromZone
- setShardVersion
- shardCollection
- shardingState
- split
- splitChunk
- splitVector
- unsetSharding
- updateZoneKeyRange
- Sessions Commands
- abortTransaction
- commitTransaction
- endSessions
- killAllSessions
- killAllSessionsByPattern
- killSessions
- refreshSessions
- startSession
- Administration Commands
- cloneCollectionAsCapped
- collMod
- compact
- connPoolSync
- convertToCapped
- create
- createIndexes
- currentOp
- drop
- dropDatabase
- dropConnections
- dropIndexes
- filemd5
- fsync
- fsyncUnlock
- getDefaultRWConcern
- getParameter
- killCursors
- killOp
- listCollections
- listDatabases
- listIndexes
- logRotate
- reIndex
- renameCollection
- setFeatureCompatibilityVersion
- setIndexCommitQuorum
- setParameter
- setDefaultRWConcern
- shutdown
- Diagnostic Commands
- availableQueryOptions
- buildInfo
- collStats
- connPoolStats
- connectionStatus
- cursorInfo
- dataSize
- dbHash
- dbStats
- diagLogging
- driverOIDTest
- explain
- features
- getCmdLineOpts
- getLog
- hostInfo
- isSelf
- listCommands
- lockInfo
- netstat
- ping
- profile
- serverStatus
- shardConnPoolStats
- top
- validate
- whatsmyuri
- 免费监控命令
- getFreeMonitoringStatus
- setFreeMonitoring
- 数据库命令
- logApplicationMessage
- 管理命令
- 聚合命令
- 诊断命令
- 地理空间命令
- 查询和写操作命令
- 复制命令
- 角色管理命令
- 会话命令
- 分片命令
- 用户管理命令
- mongo Shell 方法
- Collection Methods
- db.collection.aggregate()
- db.collection.bulkWrite()
- db.collection.copyTo()
- db.collection.count()
- db.collection.countDocuments()
- db.collection.estimatedDocumentCount()
- db.collection.createIndex()
- db.collection.createIndexes()
- db.collection.dataSize()
- db.collection.deleteOne()
- db.collection.deleteMany()
- db.collection.distinct()
- db.collection.drop()
- db.collection.dropIndex()
- db.collection.dropIndexes()
- db.collection.ensureIndex()
- db.collection.explain()
- db.collection.find()
- db.collection.findAndModify()
- db.collection.findOne()
- db.collection.findOneAndDelete()
- db.collection.findOneAndReplace()
- db.collection.findOneAndUpdate()
- db.collection.getIndexes()
- db.collection.getShardDistribution()
- db.collection.getShardVersion()
- db.collection.hideIndex()
- db.collection.insert()
- db.collection.insertOne()
- db.collection.insertMany()
- db.collection.isCapped()
- db.collection.latencyStats()
- db.collection.mapReduce()
- db.collection.reIndex()
- db.collection.remove()
- db.collection.renameCollection()
- db.collection.replaceOne()
- db.collection.save()
- db.collection.stats()
- db.collection.storageSize()
- db.collection.totalIndexSize()
- db.collection.totalSize()
- db.collection.unhideIndex()
- db.collection.update()
- db.collection.updateOne()
- db.collection.updateMany()
- db.collection.watch()
- db.collection.validate()
- Cursor Methods
- cursor.addOption()
- cursor.allowDiskUse()
- cursor.allowPartialResults()
- cursor.batchSize()
- cursor.close()
- cursor.isClosed()
- cursor.collation()
- cursor.comment()
- cursor.count()
- cursor.explain()
- cursor.forEach()
- cursor.hasNext()
- cursor.hint()
- cursor.isExhausted()
- cursor.itcount()
- cursor.limit()
- cursor.map()
- cursor.max()
- cursor.maxTimeMS()
- cursor.min()
- cursor.next()
- cursor.noCursorTimeout()
- cursor.objsLeftInBatch()
- cursor.pretty()
- cursor.readConcern()
- cursor.readPref()
- cursor.returnKey()
- cursor.showRecordId()
- cursor.size()
- cursor.skip()
- cursor.sort()
- cursor.tailable()
- cursor.toArray()
- Database Methods
- db.adminCommand()
- db.aggregate()
- db.cloneDatabase()
- db.commandHelp()
- db.copyDatabase()
- db.createCollection()
- db.createView()
- db.currentOp()
- db.dropDatabase()
- db.eval()
- db.fsyncLock()
- db.fsyncUnlock()
- db.getCollection()
- db.getCollectionInfos()
- db.getCollectionNames()
- db.getLastError()
- db.getLastErrorObj()
- db.getLogComponents()
- db.getMongo()
- db.getName()
- db.getProfilingLevel()
- db.getProfilingStatus()
- db.getReplicationInfo()
- db.getSiblingDB()
- db.help()
- db.hostInfo()
- db.isMaster()
- db.killOp()
- db.listCommands()
- db.logout()
- db.printCollectionStats()
- db.printReplicationInfo()
- db.printShardingStatus()
- db.printSlaveReplicationInfo()
- db.resetError()
- db.runCommand()
- db.serverBuildInfo()
- db.serverCmdLineOpts()
- db.serverStatus()
- db.setLogLevel()
- db.setProfilingLevel()
- db.shutdownServer()
- db.stats()
- db.version()
- db.watch()
- Query Plan Cache Methods
- db.collection.getPlanCache()
- PlanCache.clear()
- PlanCache.clearPlansByQuery()
- PlanCache.help()
- PlanCache.list()
- Bulk Operation Methods
- db.collection.initializeOrderedBulkOp()
- db.collection.initializeUnorderedBulkOp()
- Bulk()
- Bulk.execute()
- Bulk.find()
- Bulk.find.arrayFilters()
- Bulk.find.collation()
- Bulk.find.hint()
- Bulk.find.remove()
- Bulk.find.removeOne()
- Bulk.find.replaceOne()
- Bulk.find.updateOne()
- Bulk.find.update()
- Bulk.find.upsert()
- Bulk.getOperations()
- Bulk.insert()
- Bulk.tojson()
- Bulk.toString()
- User Management Methods
- db.auth()
- db.changeUserPassword()
- db.createUser()
- db.dropUser()
- db.dropAllUsers()
- db.getUser()
- db.getUsers()
- db.grantRolesToUser()
- db.removeUser()
- db.revokeRolesFromUser()
- db.updateUser()
- passwordPrompt()
- Role Management Methods
- db.createRole()
- db.dropRole()
- db.dropAllRoles()
- db.getRole()
- db.getRoles()
- db.grantPrivilegesToRole()
- db.revokePrivilegesFromRole()
- db.grantRolesToRole()
- db.revokeRolesFromRole()
- db.updateRole()
- Replication Methods
- rs.add()
- rs.addArb()
- rs.conf()
- rs.freeze()
- rs.help()
- rs.initiate()
- rs.printReplicationInfo()
- rs.printSlaveReplicationInfo()
- rs.reconfig()
- rs.remove()
- rs.status()
- rs.stepDown()
- rs.syncFrom()
- Sharding Methods
- sh.addShard()
- sh.addShardTag()
- sh.addShardToZone()
- sh.addTagRange()
- sh.balancerCollectionStatus()
- sh.disableBalancing()
- sh.enableBalancing()
- sh.disableAutoSplit
- sh.enableAutoSplit
- sh.enableSharding()
- sh.getBalancerHost()
- sh.getBalancerState()
- sh.removeTagRange()
- sh.removeRangeFromZone()
- sh.help()
- sh.isBalancerRunning()
- sh.moveChunk()
- sh.removeShardTag()
- sh.removeShardFromZone()
- sh.setBalancerState()
- sh.shardCollection()
- sh.splitAt()
- sh.splitFind()
- sh.startBalancer()
- sh.status()
- sh.stopBalancer()
- sh.waitForBalancer()
- sh.waitForBalancerOff()
- sh.waitForPingChange()
- sh.updateZoneKeyRange()
- convertShardKeyToHashed
- Free Monitoring Methods
- db.disableFreeMonitoring()
- db.enableFreeMonitoring()
- db.getFreeMonitoringStatus
- Object Constructors and Methods
- BulkWriteResult()
- Date()
- ObjectId
- ObjectId.getTimestamp()
- ObjectId.toString()
- ObjectId.valueOf()
- UUID()
- WriteResult()
- WriteResult.hasWriteError()
- WriteResult.hasWriteConcernError()
- Connection Methods
- connect()
- Mongo()
- Mongo.getDB()
- Mongo.getReadPrefMode()
- Mongo.getReadPrefTagSet()
- Mongo.isCausalConsistency()
- Mongo.setCausalConsistency()
- Mongo.setReadPref()
- Mongo.startSession()
- Mongo.watch()
- Session
- SessionOptions
- Native Methods
- cat()
- cd()
- copyDbpath()
- getHostName()
- getMemInfo()
- hostname()
- isInteractive()
- listFiles()
- load()
- ls()
- md5sumFile()
- mkdir()
- pwd()
- quit()
- removeFile()
- resetDbpath()
- sleep()
- setVerboseShell()
- version()
- _isWindows()
- _rand()
- Client-Side Field Level Encryption Methods
- getKeyVault()
- KeyVault.createKey()
- KeyVault.deleteKey()
- KeyVault.getKey()
- KeyVault.getKeys()
- KeyVault.addKeyAlternateName()
- KeyVault.removeKeyAlternateName()
- KeyVault.getKeyByAltName()
- getClientEncryption()
- ClientEncryption.encrypt()
- ClientEncryption.decrypt()
- mongo Shell 方法
- MongoDB Package Components
- Configuration File Options
- MongoDB Server Parameters
- MongoDB Limits and Thresholds
- Explain Results
- System Collections
- 连接字符串URI格式
- 排序
- MongoDB的Wire协议
- 日志消息
- Exit Codes and Statuses
- 词汇表
- 默认的MongoDB端口
- Default MongoDB Read Concerns/Write Concerns
- 服务器会话
- Configuration File Options
- 默认的MongoDB读/写关注
- 退出代码和状态
- MongoDB Limits and Thresholds
- Operators
- 更新说明
- Release Notes for MongoDB 4.4
- Release Notes for MongoDB 4.2
- Release Notes for MongoDB 4.0
- Release Notes for MongoDB 3.6
- Release Notes for MongoDB 3.4
- Release Notes for MongoDB 3.2
- Release Notes for MongoDB 3.0
- Release Notes for MongoDB 2.6
- Release Notes for MongoDB 2.4
- Release Notes for MongoDB 2.2
- Release Notes for MongoDB 2.0
- Release Notes for MongoDB 1.8
- Release Notes for MongoDB 1.6
- Release Notes for MongoDB 1.4
- Release Notes for MongoDB 1.2.x
- MongoDB Versioning
- 技术支持
- 开始使用MongoDB开发
- 联系我们
- 更多资料
- 本书使用 GitBook 发布
常见问题解答:MongoDB存储
常见问题解答:MongoDB存储
在本页面
本文档解决了有关MongoDB存储系统的常见问题。
存储引擎基础知识
什么是存储引擎?¶
存储引擎是数据库的一部分,负责管理如何在内存和磁盘上存储数据。许多数据库支持多个存储引擎,其中不同的引擎在特定工作负载下性能更好。例如,一个存储引擎可能为读取大量工作负载提供更好的性能,而另一个可能为写入操作提供更高的吞吐量。
参见
您可以在副本集中混用存储引擎吗?
可以。您可以让副本集成员使用不同的存储引擎(WiredTiger和内存中)
注意
从4.2版开始,MongoDB删除不推荐使用的MMAPv1存储引擎。
WiredTiger存储引擎
我可以将现有部署升级到WiredTiger吗?
可以。参见:
WiredTiger提供的压缩比率是多少?
压缩数据与未压缩数据的比率取决于您的数据和使用的压缩算法库。默认情况下,WiredTiger中的集合数据使用Snappy块压缩;也可以使用zlib 和zstd压缩。索引数据默认使用前缀压缩。
我应该将WiredTiger内部缓存设置为多大?
通过WiredTiger,MongoDB可以利用WiredTiger内部缓存和文件系统缓存。
从MongoDB 3.4开始,默认的WiredTiger内部缓存大小是以下两者中的较大者:
- 50%(内存大小 -1 GB),或
- 256 MB。
例如,在总共有4GB 内存的系统上,WiredTiger缓存将使用1.5GB RAM(0.5 * (4 GB - 1 GB) = 1.5 GB
)。相反,总内存为1.25 GB的系统将为WiredTiger缓存分配256 MB,因为这是总内存的一半以上减去1 GB (0.5 * (1.25 GB - 1 GB) = 128 MB < 256 MB
)。
注意
在某些情况下,例如在容器中运行时,数据库的内存限制可能低于系统总内存。在这种情况下,此内存限制而不是系统总内存将用作最大可用内存。
要查看内存限制,请参阅hostInfo.system.memLimitMB
。
默认情况下,WiredTiger对所有集合使用Snappy块压缩,对所有索引使用前缀压缩。压缩默认值是可以在全局级别配置的,也可以在每个集合和每个索引创建期间单独进行设置。
WiredTiger内部缓存中的数据与磁盘上的数据使用不同表示形式的数据格式:
- 文件系统缓存中的数据与磁盘格式相同,包括对数据文件进行的任何压缩的好处也是一样的。操作系统使用文件系统缓存来减少磁盘I / O。
- 加载到WiredTiger内部缓存中的索引的数据表示形式与磁盘格式不同,但是仍可以利用索引前缀压缩来减少内存使用量。索引前缀压缩可从索引字段中删除通用前缀。
- WiredTiger内部缓存中的集合数据是未压缩的,并使用与磁盘格式不同的表示形式。块压缩可以节省大量的磁盘存储空间,但数据必须解压缩才能由服务器操作。
通过文件系统缓存,MongoDB自动使用WiredTiger缓存或其他进程未使用的所有可用内存。
要调整WiredTiger内部缓存的大小,请参阅 storage.wiredTiger.engineConfig.cacheSizeGB
和 --wiredTigerCacheSizeGB
。避免将WiredTiger内部缓存的大小增加到其默认值以上。
注意
storage.wiredTiger.engineConfig.cacheSizeGB
限制WiredTiger内部缓存的大小。操作系统将使用可用的空闲内存进行文件系统缓存,从而允许压缩的MongoDB数据文件保留在内存中。此外,操作系统将使用任何可用的内存来缓冲文件系统块和文件系统缓存。
为了容纳更多的RAM使用者,您可能必须减小WiredTiger内部缓存的大小。
默认的WiredTiger内部缓存大小值假定每台计算机有一个mongod
实例。如果一台机器包含多个MongoDB实例,则应减小设置以容纳其他mongod
实例。
如果您的mongod
是运行在无法访问所有系统中所有可用的内存的容器(例如lxc
, cgroups
,Docker,等等)中时,您必须将storage.wiredTiger.engineConfig.cacheSizeGB
的值设置为小于容器中可用内存大小的值。确切的大小取决于容器中运行的其他进程。请参阅 memLimitMB
。
要查看有关缓存和缓存淘汰率的统计信息,请参阅wiredTiger.cache
命令返回的serverStatus
字段。
WiredTiger写入磁盘的频率如何?¶
- Checkpoints(检查点)
从版本3.6开始,MongoDB将WiredTiger配置为以60秒的间隔创建检查点(即,将快照数据写入磁盘)。在早期版本中,MongoDB将检查点设置为在WiredTiger中以60秒的间隔或在写入2 GB的预写日志数据时,对用户数据进行检查,以先发生者为准。
- Journal Data(预写日志数据)
WiredTiger根据以下间隔或条件写入磁盘:
对于副本集成员(主节点和次节点成员),
- 如果有等待操作日志输入的操作,可以等待操作日志条目的操作包括:
- 针对oplog转发扫描查询
- 读取操作,作为因果一致会话的一部分
- 另外,对于从节点成员,在每次批量处理oplog条目之后。
- 如果有等待操作日志输入的操作,可以等待操作日志条目的操作包括:
- 如果写入操作包括写关注的j参数:
j: true
注意
如果writeConcernMajorityJournalDefault
是真的,写关注"majority"
参数为j: true
。
- 每隔100毫秒(请参阅
storage.journal.commitIntervalMs
)。
- WiredTiger创建新的日记文件时。由于MongoDB使用的预写日志文件大小限制为100 MB,因此WiredTiger大约每100 MB数据创建一个新的日志文件。
如何在WiredTiger中回收磁盘空间?
WiredTiger存储引擎在删除文档时会维护数据文件中的空记录列表。WiredTiger可以重用此空间,但是除非在非常特定的情况下,否则不会将其返回给操作系统。
WiredTiger可以重用的可用空间量反映在db.collection.stats()
标题下的wiredTiger.block-manager.file bytes available for reuse
输出中。
为了使WiredTiger存储引擎可以将此空白空间释放给操作系统,可以对数据文件进行碎片整理。这可以使用compact
命令来实现。有关其行为和其他注意事项的更多信息,请参见compact
。
数据存储诊断¶
如何查看集合的大小?
要查看集合的统计信息,包括数据大小,请使用mongo
shell程序中的db.collection.stats()
方法(https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/program/mongo/bin.mongo)。以下示例为orders
集合执行db.collection.stats()`:。以下示例为orders
集合执行db.collection.stats()`:)
复制
db.orders.stats();
MongoDB还提供以下方法来返回集合的特定大小信息:
db.collection.dataSize()
返回该集合的未压缩数据大小(以字节为单位)。db.collection.storageSize()
返回磁盘存储上集合的大小(以字节为单位)。如果集合数据被压缩(即default for WiredTiger
),则存储大小将反映压缩后的大小,并且可能小于db.collection.dataSize()
所返回的值 。db.collection.totalIndexSize()
返回集合的索引大小(以字节为单位)。如果索引使用前缀压缩(即default for WiredTiger
),则返回的大小将反映压缩后的大小。
以下脚本打印每个数据库的统计信息:
复制
db.adminCommand("listDatabases").databases.forEach(function (d) {
mdb = db.getSiblingDB(d.name);
printjson(mdb.stats());
})
以下脚本打印每个数据库中每个集合的统计信息:
复制
db.adminCommand("listDatabases").databases.forEach(function (d) {
mdb = db.getSiblingDB(d.name);
mdb.getCollectionNames().forEach(function(c) {
s = mdb[c].stats();
printjson(s);
})
})
如何检查集合的各个索引的大小?¶
要查看为每个索引分配的数据大小,请使用 db.collection.stats()
方法并检查返回文档中的indexSizes
字段。
如果索引使用前缀压缩(即default for WiredTiger
),则该索引的返回大小将反映压缩后的大小。
如何获得有关数据库存储使用的信息?¶
mongo
shell中的db.stats()
方法返回“活跃”数据库的当前状态。有关返回的字段的说明,参见dbStats Output。
原文链接:https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/faq/storage/
译者:钟秋
update:小芒果
参见
原文 - FAQ: MongoDB Storage
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