- MongoDB官方文档中文版
- MongoDB用户手册
- MongoDB简介
- 安装 MongoDB
- 安装MongoDB社区版
- 安装MongoDB企业版
- 将社区版MongoDB升级到企业版MongoDB
- 验证MongoDB软件包的完整性
- Mongo Shell
- 增删改查操作
- 聚合
- 数据模式
- 数据建模介绍
- 模式验证
- Data Modeling Concepts
- Data Model Examples and Patterns
- Model Relationships Between Documents
- Model One-to-One Relationships with Embedded Documents
- Model One-to-Many Relationships with Embedded Documents
- Model One-to-Many Relationships with Document References
- Model Tree Structures
- Model Tree Structures with Parent References
- Model Tree Structures with Child References
- Model Tree Structures with an Array of Ancestors
- Model Tree Structures with Materialized Paths
- Model Tree Structures with Nested Sets
- Model Specific Application Contexts
- Model Data for Atomic Operations
- Model Data to Support Keyword Search
- Model Data for Schema Versioning
- Model Monetary Data
- Model Time Data
- Model Computed Data
- Data Model Reference
- 事务
- 索引
- Single Field Indexes
- Compound Indexes
- Multikey Indexes
- Text Indexes
- Wildcard Indexes
- 2dsphere Indexes
- 2d Indexes
- geoHaystack Indexes
- Hashed Indexes
- 索引特性
- Index Builds on Populated Collections
- 索引交集
- Manage Indexes
- 衡量索引使用
- Indexing Strategies
- Indexing Reference
- 2d索引
- 2dsphere索引
- 复合索引
- geoHaystack索引
- Hashed 索引
- 在填充的集合上建立索引
- 索引参考
- 索引策略
- 管理索引
- 多键索引
- 单字段索引
- 文本索引
- 通配符索引
- 安全
- 安全检查列表
- Enable Access Control
- 身份验证
- Users
- Add Users
- Authentication Mechanisms
- SCRAM
- x.509
- Enterprise Authentication Mechanisms
- Kerberos Authentication
- LDAP Proxy Authentication
- LDAP Authorization
- Internal/Membership Authentication
- Deploy Replica Set With Keyfile Authentication
- Update Replica Set to Keyfile Authentication
- Update Replica Set to Keyfile Authentication (No Downtime)
- Rotate Keys for Replica Sets
- Deploy Sharded Cluster with Keyfile Authentication
- Update Sharded Cluster to Keyfile Authentication
- Update Sharded Cluster to Keyfile Authentication (No Downtime)
- Rotate Keys for Sharded Clusters
- Use x.509 Certificate for Membership Authentication
- Upgrade from Keyfile Authentication to x.509 Authentication
- Rolling Update of x.509 Cluster Certificates that Contain New DN
- Role-Based Access Control
- TLS/SSL (Transport Encryption)
- Encryption at Rest
- Client-Side Field Level Encryption
- 审计
- Network and Configuration Hardening
- Implement Field Level Redaction
- Security Reference
- Create a Vulnerability Report
- Appendix
- 附录
- 启用访问控制
- 网络和配置强化
- 安全参考
- 改变流
- 复制集
- 复制集成员
- 副本集日志
- Replica Set Data Synchronization
- 副本集部署架构
- Replica Set High Availability
- Replica Set Read and Write Semantics
- Replica Set Deployment Tutorials
- Member Configuration Tutorials
- Replica Set Maintenance Tutorials
- Change the Size of the Oplog
- Perform Maintenance on Replica Set Members
- Force a Member to Become Primary
- Resync a Member of a Replica Set
- Configure Replica Set Tag Sets
- Reconfigure a Replica Set with Unavailable Members
- Manage Chained Replication
- Change Hostnames in a Replica Set
- Configure a Secondary’s Sync Target
- Replication Reference
- 副本集数据同步
- 分片
- 分片集群组成]
- 片键
- 哈希分片
- 范围分片
- 部署分片集群
- 区域
- Data Partitioning with Chunks
- Balancer
- Administration
- Config Server Administration
- Replace a Config Server
- View Cluster Configuration
- Restart a Sharded Cluster
- Migrate a Sharded Cluster to Different Hardware
- Add Shards to a Cluster
- Remove Shards from an Existing Sharded Cluster
- Clear jumbo Flag
- Back Up Cluster Metadata
- Convert Sharded Cluster to Replica Set
- Convert a Replica Set to a Sharded Cluster
- Convert a Shard Standalone to a Shard Replica Set
- Sharding Reference
- 分片键
- Zone
- 管理权限
- 产品说明
- Operations Checklist
- Development Checklist
- Performance
- 配置和维护
- Data Center Awareness
- MongoDB Backup Methods
- Back Up and Restore with Filesystem Snapshots
- Back Up and Restore with MongoDB Tools
- Restore a Replica Set from MongoDB Backups
- Backup and Restore Sharded Clusters
- Back Up a Sharded Cluster with File System Snapshots
- Back Up a Sharded Cluster with Database Dumps
- Schedule Backup Window for Sharded Clusters
- Restore a Sharded Cluster
- Recover a Standalone after an Unexpected Shutdown
- Monitoring for MongoDB
- 开发检查表
- MogoDB 备份方法
- 操作检查表
- MongoDB性能
- 存储
- 常见问题
- 参考
- Operators
- Query and Projection Operators
- Comparison Query Operators
- Logical Query Operators
- Element Query Operators
- Evaluation Query Operators
- Geospatial Query Operators
- Array Query Operators
- Bitwise Query Operators
- $comment
- 查询与映射运算符
- 更新运算符
- Field Update Operators
- Array Update Operators
- Bitwise Update Operator
- Aggregation Pipeline Stages
- $addFields (aggregation)
- $bucket (aggregation)
- $bucketAuto (aggregation)
- $collStats (aggregation)
- $count (aggregation)
- $currentOp (aggregation)
- $facet (aggregation)
- $geoNear (aggregation)
- $graphLookup (aggregation)
- $group (aggregation)
- $indexStats (aggregation)
- $limit (aggregation)
- $listLocalSessions
- $listSessions
- $lookup (aggregation)
- $match (aggregation)
- $merge (aggregation)
- $out (aggregation)
- $planCacheStats
- $project (aggregation)
- $redact (aggregation)
- $replaceRoot (aggregation)
- $replaceWith (aggregation)
- $sample (aggregation)
- $set (aggregation)
- $skip (aggregation)
- $sort (aggregation)
- $sortByCount (aggregation)
- $unionWith (aggregation)
- $unset (aggregation)
- $unwind (aggregation)
- Aggregation Pipeline Operators
- $sin (aggregation)
- $abs (aggregation)
- $slice (aggregation)
- $accumulator (aggregation)
- $split (aggregation)
- $acos (aggregation)
- $sqrt (aggregation)
- $acosh (aggregation)
- $add (aggregation)
- $addToSet (aggregation)
- $allElementsTrue (aggregation)
- $and (aggregation)
- $anyElementTrue (aggregation)
- $arrayElemAt (aggregation)
- $arrayToObject (aggregation)
- $asin (aggregation)
- $asinh (aggregation)
- $sum (aggregation)
- $atan (aggregation)
- $atan2 (aggregation)
- $tan (aggregation)
- $atanh (aggregation)
- $avg (aggregation)
- $binarySize (aggregation)
- $bsonSize (aggregation)
- $ceil (aggregation)
- $toInt (aggregation)
- $cmp (aggregation)
- $concat (aggregation)
- $concatArrays (aggregation)
- $cond (aggregation)
- $convert (aggregation)
- $cos (aggregation)
- $dateFromParts (aggregation)
- $dateToParts (aggregation)
- $type (aggregation)
- $dateFromString (aggregation)
- $week (aggregation)
- $dateToString (aggregation)
- $year (aggregation)
- $dayOfMonth (aggregation)
- $zip (aggregation)
- $dayOfWeek (aggregation)
- $dayOfYear (aggregation)
- $degreesToRadians (aggregation)
- $divide (aggregation)
- $eq (aggregation)
- $exp (aggregation)
- $filter (aggregation)
- $first (aggregation accumulator)
- $first (aggregation)
- $floor (aggregation)
- $function (aggregation)
- $gt (aggregation)
- $gte (aggregation)
- $hour (aggregation)
- $ifNull (aggregation)
- $in (aggregation)
- $indexOfArray (aggregation)
- $indexOfBytes (aggregation)
- $indexOfCP (aggregation)
- $isArray (aggregation)
- $isNumber (aggregation)
- $isoDayOfWeek (aggregation)
- $isoWeek (aggregation)
- $isoWeekYear (aggregation)
- $last (aggregation accumulator)
- $last (aggregation)
- $let (aggregation)
- $literal (aggregation)
- $ln (aggregation)
- $log (aggregation)
- $log10 (aggregation)
- $lt (aggregation)
- $lte (aggregation)
- $trim (aggregation)
- $map (aggregation)
- $max (aggregation)
- $mergeObjects (aggregation)
- $meta
- $min (aggregation)
- $millisecond (aggregation)
- $minute (aggregation)
- $mod (aggregation)
- $month (aggregation)
- $multiply (aggregation)
- $ne (aggregation)
- $not (aggregation)
- $objectToArray (aggregation)
- $or (aggregation)
- $pow (aggregation)
- $push (aggregation)
- $radiansToDegrees (aggregation)
- $range (aggregation)
- $reduce (aggregation)
- $regexFind (aggregation)
- $regexFindAll (aggregation)
- $regexMatch (aggregation)
- $replaceOne (aggregation)
- $replaceAll (aggregation)
- $reverseArray (aggregation)
- $round (aggregation)
- $rtrim (aggregation)
- $second (aggregation)
- $setDifference (aggregation)
- $setEquals (aggregation)
- $setIntersection (aggregation)
- $setIsSubset (aggregation)
- $setUnion (aggregation)
- $size (aggregation)
- $slice (aggregation)
- $split (aggregation)
- $sqrt (aggregation)
- $stdDevPop (aggregation)
- $stdDevSamp (aggregation)
- $strcasecmp (aggregation)
- $strLenBytes (aggregation)
- $strLenCP (aggregation)
- $substr (aggregation)
- $substrBytes (aggregation)
- $substrCP (aggregation)
- $subtract (aggregation)
- $sum (aggregation)
- $switch (aggregation)
- $tan (aggregation)
- $toBool (aggregation)
- $toDate (aggregation)
- $toDecimal (aggregation)
- $toDouble(aggregation)
- $toInt (aggregation)
- $toLong (aggregation)
- $toObjectId (aggregation)
- $toString (aggregation)
- $toLower (aggregation)
- $toUpper (aggregation)
- $trim (aggregation)
- $trunc (aggregation)
- $type (aggregation)
- $week (aggregation)
- $year (aggregation)
- $zip (aggregation)
- 查询修饰符
- $comment
- $explain
- $hint
- $max
- $maxTimeMS
- $min
- $orderby
- $query
- $returnKey
- $showDiskLoc
- $natural
- 聚合管道操作符
- $abs (aggregation)
- $acos (aggregation)
- $acosh (aggregation)
- $add (aggregation)
- $addToSet (aggregation)
- $and (aggregation)
- $anyElementTrue (aggregation)
- $arrayElemAt (aggregation)
- $arrayToObject (aggregation)
- $asin (aggregation)
- $asinh (aggregation)
- $atan (aggregation)
- $atan2 (aggregation)
- $atanh (aggregation)
- $avg (aggregation)
- $ceil (aggregation)
- $cmp (aggregation)
- $concat (aggregation)
- $concatArrays (aggregation)
- $cond (aggregation)
- $convert (aggregation)
- $cos (aggregation)
- $dateFromParts (aggregation)
- $dateFromString (aggregation)
- $dateToParts (aggregation)
- $dateToString (aggregation)
- $literal (aggregation)
- 聚合管道阶段
- 数据库命令
- Aggregation Commands
- aggregate
- count
- distinct
- mapReduce
- Geospatial Commands
- geoSearch
- Query and Write Operation Commands
- delete
- find
- findAndModify
- getLastError
- getMore
- insert
- resetError
- update
- 查询计划缓存命令
- planCacheClear
- planCacheClearFilters
- planCacheListFilters
- planCacheSetFilter
- 认证命令
- authenticate
- getnonce
- logout
- User Management Commands
- createUser
- dropAllUsersFromDatabase
- dropUser
- grantRolesToUser
- revokeRolesFromUser
- updateUser
- usersInfo
- Role Management Commands
- createRole
- dropRole
- dropAllRolesFromDatabase
- grantPrivilegesToRole
- grantRolesToRole
- invalidateUserCache
- revokePrivilegesFromRole
- revokeRolesFromRole
- rolesInfo
- updateRole
- Replication Commands
- applyOps
- isMaster
- replSetAbortPrimaryCatchUp
- replSetFreeze
- replSetGetConfig
- replSetGetStatus
- replSetInitiate
- replSetMaintenance
- replSetReconfig
- replSetResizeOplog
- replSetStepDown
- replSetSyncFrom
- Sharding Commands
- addShard
- addShardToZone
- balancerCollectionStatus
- balancerStart
- balancerStatus
- balancerStop
- checkShardingIndex
- clearJumboFlag
- cleanupOrphaned
- enableSharding
- flushRouterConfig
- getShardMap
- getShardVersion
- isdbgrid
- listShards
- medianKey
- moveChunk
- movePrimary
- mergeChunks
- refineCollectionShardKey
- removeShard
- removeShardFromZone
- setShardVersion
- shardCollection
- shardingState
- split
- splitChunk
- splitVector
- unsetSharding
- updateZoneKeyRange
- Sessions Commands
- abortTransaction
- commitTransaction
- endSessions
- killAllSessions
- killAllSessionsByPattern
- killSessions
- refreshSessions
- startSession
- Administration Commands
- cloneCollectionAsCapped
- collMod
- compact
- connPoolSync
- convertToCapped
- create
- createIndexes
- currentOp
- drop
- dropDatabase
- dropConnections
- dropIndexes
- filemd5
- fsync
- fsyncUnlock
- getDefaultRWConcern
- getParameter
- killCursors
- killOp
- listCollections
- listDatabases
- listIndexes
- logRotate
- reIndex
- renameCollection
- setFeatureCompatibilityVersion
- setIndexCommitQuorum
- setParameter
- setDefaultRWConcern
- shutdown
- Diagnostic Commands
- availableQueryOptions
- buildInfo
- collStats
- connPoolStats
- connectionStatus
- cursorInfo
- dataSize
- dbHash
- dbStats
- diagLogging
- driverOIDTest
- explain
- features
- getCmdLineOpts
- getLog
- hostInfo
- isSelf
- listCommands
- lockInfo
- netstat
- ping
- profile
- serverStatus
- shardConnPoolStats
- top
- validate
- whatsmyuri
- 免费监控命令
- getFreeMonitoringStatus
- setFreeMonitoring
- 数据库命令
- logApplicationMessage
- 管理命令
- 聚合命令
- 诊断命令
- 地理空间命令
- 查询和写操作命令
- 复制命令
- 角色管理命令
- 会话命令
- 分片命令
- 用户管理命令
- mongo Shell 方法
- Collection Methods
- db.collection.aggregate()
- db.collection.bulkWrite()
- db.collection.copyTo()
- db.collection.count()
- db.collection.countDocuments()
- db.collection.estimatedDocumentCount()
- db.collection.createIndex()
- db.collection.createIndexes()
- db.collection.dataSize()
- db.collection.deleteOne()
- db.collection.deleteMany()
- db.collection.distinct()
- db.collection.drop()
- db.collection.dropIndex()
- db.collection.dropIndexes()
- db.collection.ensureIndex()
- db.collection.explain()
- db.collection.find()
- db.collection.findAndModify()
- db.collection.findOne()
- db.collection.findOneAndDelete()
- db.collection.findOneAndReplace()
- db.collection.findOneAndUpdate()
- db.collection.getIndexes()
- db.collection.getShardDistribution()
- db.collection.getShardVersion()
- db.collection.hideIndex()
- db.collection.insert()
- db.collection.insertOne()
- db.collection.insertMany()
- db.collection.isCapped()
- db.collection.latencyStats()
- db.collection.mapReduce()
- db.collection.reIndex()
- db.collection.remove()
- db.collection.renameCollection()
- db.collection.replaceOne()
- db.collection.save()
- db.collection.stats()
- db.collection.storageSize()
- db.collection.totalIndexSize()
- db.collection.totalSize()
- db.collection.unhideIndex()
- db.collection.update()
- db.collection.updateOne()
- db.collection.updateMany()
- db.collection.watch()
- db.collection.validate()
- Cursor Methods
- cursor.addOption()
- cursor.allowDiskUse()
- cursor.allowPartialResults()
- cursor.batchSize()
- cursor.close()
- cursor.isClosed()
- cursor.collation()
- cursor.comment()
- cursor.count()
- cursor.explain()
- cursor.forEach()
- cursor.hasNext()
- cursor.hint()
- cursor.isExhausted()
- cursor.itcount()
- cursor.limit()
- cursor.map()
- cursor.max()
- cursor.maxTimeMS()
- cursor.min()
- cursor.next()
- cursor.noCursorTimeout()
- cursor.objsLeftInBatch()
- cursor.pretty()
- cursor.readConcern()
- cursor.readPref()
- cursor.returnKey()
- cursor.showRecordId()
- cursor.size()
- cursor.skip()
- cursor.sort()
- cursor.tailable()
- cursor.toArray()
- Database Methods
- db.adminCommand()
- db.aggregate()
- db.cloneDatabase()
- db.commandHelp()
- db.copyDatabase()
- db.createCollection()
- db.createView()
- db.currentOp()
- db.dropDatabase()
- db.eval()
- db.fsyncLock()
- db.fsyncUnlock()
- db.getCollection()
- db.getCollectionInfos()
- db.getCollectionNames()
- db.getLastError()
- db.getLastErrorObj()
- db.getLogComponents()
- db.getMongo()
- db.getName()
- db.getProfilingLevel()
- db.getProfilingStatus()
- db.getReplicationInfo()
- db.getSiblingDB()
- db.help()
- db.hostInfo()
- db.isMaster()
- db.killOp()
- db.listCommands()
- db.logout()
- db.printCollectionStats()
- db.printReplicationInfo()
- db.printShardingStatus()
- db.printSlaveReplicationInfo()
- db.resetError()
- db.runCommand()
- db.serverBuildInfo()
- db.serverCmdLineOpts()
- db.serverStatus()
- db.setLogLevel()
- db.setProfilingLevel()
- db.shutdownServer()
- db.stats()
- db.version()
- db.watch()
- Query Plan Cache Methods
- db.collection.getPlanCache()
- PlanCache.clear()
- PlanCache.clearPlansByQuery()
- PlanCache.help()
- PlanCache.list()
- Bulk Operation Methods
- db.collection.initializeOrderedBulkOp()
- db.collection.initializeUnorderedBulkOp()
- Bulk()
- Bulk.execute()
- Bulk.find()
- Bulk.find.arrayFilters()
- Bulk.find.collation()
- Bulk.find.hint()
- Bulk.find.remove()
- Bulk.find.removeOne()
- Bulk.find.replaceOne()
- Bulk.find.updateOne()
- Bulk.find.update()
- Bulk.find.upsert()
- Bulk.getOperations()
- Bulk.insert()
- Bulk.tojson()
- Bulk.toString()
- User Management Methods
- db.auth()
- db.changeUserPassword()
- db.createUser()
- db.dropUser()
- db.dropAllUsers()
- db.getUser()
- db.getUsers()
- db.grantRolesToUser()
- db.removeUser()
- db.revokeRolesFromUser()
- db.updateUser()
- passwordPrompt()
- Role Management Methods
- db.createRole()
- db.dropRole()
- db.dropAllRoles()
- db.getRole()
- db.getRoles()
- db.grantPrivilegesToRole()
- db.revokePrivilegesFromRole()
- db.grantRolesToRole()
- db.revokeRolesFromRole()
- db.updateRole()
- Replication Methods
- rs.add()
- rs.addArb()
- rs.conf()
- rs.freeze()
- rs.help()
- rs.initiate()
- rs.printReplicationInfo()
- rs.printSlaveReplicationInfo()
- rs.reconfig()
- rs.remove()
- rs.status()
- rs.stepDown()
- rs.syncFrom()
- Sharding Methods
- sh.addShard()
- sh.addShardTag()
- sh.addShardToZone()
- sh.addTagRange()
- sh.balancerCollectionStatus()
- sh.disableBalancing()
- sh.enableBalancing()
- sh.disableAutoSplit
- sh.enableAutoSplit
- sh.enableSharding()
- sh.getBalancerHost()
- sh.getBalancerState()
- sh.removeTagRange()
- sh.removeRangeFromZone()
- sh.help()
- sh.isBalancerRunning()
- sh.moveChunk()
- sh.removeShardTag()
- sh.removeShardFromZone()
- sh.setBalancerState()
- sh.shardCollection()
- sh.splitAt()
- sh.splitFind()
- sh.startBalancer()
- sh.status()
- sh.stopBalancer()
- sh.waitForBalancer()
- sh.waitForBalancerOff()
- sh.waitForPingChange()
- sh.updateZoneKeyRange()
- convertShardKeyToHashed
- Free Monitoring Methods
- db.disableFreeMonitoring()
- db.enableFreeMonitoring()
- db.getFreeMonitoringStatus
- Object Constructors and Methods
- BulkWriteResult()
- Date()
- ObjectId
- ObjectId.getTimestamp()
- ObjectId.toString()
- ObjectId.valueOf()
- UUID()
- WriteResult()
- WriteResult.hasWriteError()
- WriteResult.hasWriteConcernError()
- Connection Methods
- connect()
- Mongo()
- Mongo.getDB()
- Mongo.getReadPrefMode()
- Mongo.getReadPrefTagSet()
- Mongo.isCausalConsistency()
- Mongo.setCausalConsistency()
- Mongo.setReadPref()
- Mongo.startSession()
- Mongo.watch()
- Session
- SessionOptions
- Native Methods
- cat()
- cd()
- copyDbpath()
- getHostName()
- getMemInfo()
- hostname()
- isInteractive()
- listFiles()
- load()
- ls()
- md5sumFile()
- mkdir()
- pwd()
- quit()
- removeFile()
- resetDbpath()
- sleep()
- setVerboseShell()
- version()
- _isWindows()
- _rand()
- Client-Side Field Level Encryption Methods
- getKeyVault()
- KeyVault.createKey()
- KeyVault.deleteKey()
- KeyVault.getKey()
- KeyVault.getKeys()
- KeyVault.addKeyAlternateName()
- KeyVault.removeKeyAlternateName()
- KeyVault.getKeyByAltName()
- getClientEncryption()
- ClientEncryption.encrypt()
- ClientEncryption.decrypt()
- mongo Shell 方法
- MongoDB Package Components
- Configuration File Options
- MongoDB Server Parameters
- MongoDB Limits and Thresholds
- Explain Results
- System Collections
- 连接字符串URI格式
- 排序
- MongoDB的Wire协议
- 日志消息
- Exit Codes and Statuses
- 词汇表
- 默认的MongoDB端口
- Default MongoDB Read Concerns/Write Concerns
- 服务器会话
- Configuration File Options
- 默认的MongoDB读/写关注
- 退出代码和状态
- MongoDB Limits and Thresholds
- Operators
- 更新说明
- Release Notes for MongoDB 4.4
- Release Notes for MongoDB 4.2
- Release Notes for MongoDB 4.0
- Release Notes for MongoDB 3.6
- Release Notes for MongoDB 3.4
- Release Notes for MongoDB 3.2
- Release Notes for MongoDB 3.0
- Release Notes for MongoDB 2.6
- Release Notes for MongoDB 2.4
- Release Notes for MongoDB 2.2
- Release Notes for MongoDB 2.0
- Release Notes for MongoDB 1.8
- Release Notes for MongoDB 1.6
- Release Notes for MongoDB 1.4
- Release Notes for MongoDB 1.2.x
- MongoDB Versioning
- 技术支持
- 开始使用MongoDB开发
- 联系我们
- 更多资料
- 本书使用 GitBook 发布
WiredTiger 存储引擎
WiredTiger 存储引擎
从MongoDB 3.2开始,WiredTiger存储引擎开始作为默认的存储引擎。 对于现有部署,如果未指定参数—storageEngine或storage.engine设置,则版本3.2+ mongod实例可以自动确定用于在—dbpath或storage.dbPath中创建数据文件的存储引擎。 请参阅默认存储引擎配置参数更改文档。
文档级别的并发
WiredTiger使用文档级并发控制进行写操作。 因此,多个客户端可以并发同时修改集合的不同文档。
对于大多数读写操作,WiredTiger使用乐观并发控制模式。 WiredTiger仅在全局、数据库和集合级别使用意向锁。 当存储引擎检测到两个操作之间存在冲突时,将引发写冲突,从而导致MongoDB自动重试该操作。
一些全局操作(通常是涉及多个数据库的短暂操作)仍然需要全局“实例范围级别的”锁。 其他一些操作(例如删除集合)仍然需要独占数据库锁。
快照与检查点
WiredTiger使用MultiVersion并发控制(MVCC)方式。 在操作开始时,WiredTiger为操作提供数据的时间点快照。 快照提供了内存数据的一致视图。
写入磁盘时,WiredTiger将所有数据文件中的快照中的所有数据以一致的方式写入磁盘。 现在持久的数据充当数据文件中的检查点。 该检查点可确保数据文件直到最后一个检查点(包括最后一个检查点)都保持一致; 即检查点可以充当恢复点。
从3.6版本开始,MongoDB配置WiredTiger以60秒的间隔创建检查点(即将快照数据写入磁盘)。 在早期版本中,MongoDB将检查点设置为在WiredTiger中以60秒的间隔或在写入2GB日志数据时对用户数据进行检查,以先到者为准。
在写入新检查点期间,先前的检查点仍然有效。 这样,即使MongoDB在写入新检查点时终止或遇到错误,重启后,MongoDB仍可从上一个有效检查点恢复。
当WiredTiger的元数据表被原子更新以引用新的检查点时,新的检查点将变为可访问且永久的。 一旦可以访问新的检查点,WiredTiger就会从旧的检查点释放页面。
使用WiredTiger,即使没有日记,MongoDB也可以从最后一个检查点恢复; 但是,要恢复上一个检查点之后所做的更改,请运行日志功能。
注意
从MongoDB 4.0开始,您不能指定—nojournal选项或storage.journal.enabled:使用WiredTiger存储引擎的副本集成员为false。
日志
WiredTiger将预写日志(即日志)与检查点结合使用以确保数据持久性。
WiredTiger日记保留检查点之间的所有数据修改。 如果MongoDB在检查点之间退出,它将使用日志重播自上一个检查点以来修改的所有数据。 有关MongoDB将日记数据写入磁盘的频率的信息,请参阅日志处理。
WiredTiger日志使用快速压缩库进行压缩。 要指定其他压缩算法或不进行压缩,请使用storage.wiredTiger.engineConfig.journalCompressor设置参数。 有关更改日志压缩器的详细信息,请参阅“更改WiredTiger日志压缩器”文档。
注意
如果日志记录小于或等于128字节(WiredTiger的最小日志记录大小),则WiredTiger不会压缩该记录。
您可以通过将storage.journal.enabled设置为false来禁用独立实例的日志记录,这可以减少维护日志记录的开销。 对于独立实例,不使用日志意味着MongoDB意外退出时,您将丢失最后一个检查点之前的所有数据修改信息。
注意
从MongoDB 4.0开始,您不能指定—nojournal选项或storage.journal.enabled:使用WiredTiger存储引擎的副本集成员为false。
SEE ALSO 也可以参考
Journaling with WiredTiger
使用WiredTiger日志
压缩
使用WiredTiger,MongoDB支持对所有集合和索引进行压缩。 压缩可最大程度地减少存储空间的使用量,但会增加CPU的开销。
默认情况下,WiredTiger对所有集合使用块压缩和snappy压缩库,对所有索引使用前缀压缩。
对于集合,还提供以下块压缩库:
zlib
zstd (Available starting in MongoDB 4.2)
要指定替代压缩算法或不压缩,请使用storage.wiredTiger.collectionConfig.blockCompressor参数设置。
zstd(从MongoDB 4.2开始支持)
对于索引,要禁用前缀压缩,请使用storage.wiredTiger.indexConfig.prefixCompression设置。
压缩设置还可以在集合和索引创建期间基于每个集合和每个索引进行配置。 请参见指定存储引擎选项和db.collection.createIndex()storageEngine选项。
对于大多数压缩工作负载,默认压缩设置可以平衡存储效率和处理要求。
默认情况下,WiredTiger日志也被压缩。 有关日志压缩的信息,请参阅日记。
内存使用
通过WiredTiger,MongoDB可以利用WiredTiger内部缓存和文件系统缓存。
从MongoDB 3.4开始,默认的WiredTiger内部缓存大小是以下两者中的较大者:
50%(RAM-1 GB)或256 MB。
例如,在总共有4GB RAM的系统上,WiredTiger缓存将使用1.5GB RAM(0.5 (4 GB-1 GB)= 1.5 GB)。 相反,总内存为1.25 GB的系统将为WiredTiger缓存分配256 MB,因为这是总RAM的一半以上减去一GB(0.5 (1.25 GB-1 GB)= 128 MB <256 mb)="" 。
注意
在某些情况下,例如在容器中运行时,数据库的内存限制可能低于系统总内存。 在这种情况下,此内存限制而不是系统总内存将用作最大可用RAM。
要查看内存限制,请参阅hostInfo.system.memLimitMB。
默认情况下,WiredTiger对所有集合使用Snappy块压缩,对所有索引使用前缀压缩。 压缩默认值是可以在全局级别配置的,也可以在收集和索引创建期间基于每个集合和每个索引进行设置。
WiredTiger内部缓存中的数据与磁盘格式使用不同的表示形式:
文件系统缓存中的数据与磁盘上的格式相同,包括对数据文件进行任何压缩的好处。 操作系统使用文件系统缓存来减少磁盘I/O。
加载到WiredTiger内部缓存中的索引具有与磁盘上格式不同的数据表示形式,但仍可以利用索引前缀压缩来减少RAM使用量。 索引前缀压缩可从索引字段中删除通用前缀。
WiredTiger内部缓存中的集合数据未经压缩,并使用与磁盘格式不同的表示形式。 块压缩可以节省大量的磁盘存储空间,但是必须对数据进行解压缩才能由服务器进行处理。
通过文件系统缓存,MongoDB自动使用WiredTiger缓存或其他进程未使用的所有可用内存。
要调整WiredTiger内部缓存的大小,请参阅storage.wiredTiger.engineConfig.cacheSizeGB和—wiredTigerCacheSizeGB。 避免将WiredTiger内部缓存的大小超过其默认值以上。
译者:徐雷
参见
原文 - WiredTiger Storage Engine
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