- MongoDB官方文档中文版
- MongoDB用户手册
- MongoDB简介
- 安装 MongoDB
- 安装MongoDB社区版
- 安装MongoDB企业版
- 将社区版MongoDB升级到企业版MongoDB
- 验证MongoDB软件包的完整性
- Mongo Shell
- 增删改查操作
- 聚合
- 数据模式
- 数据建模介绍
- 模式验证
- Data Modeling Concepts
- Data Model Examples and Patterns
- Model Relationships Between Documents
- Model One-to-One Relationships with Embedded Documents
- Model One-to-Many Relationships with Embedded Documents
- Model One-to-Many Relationships with Document References
- Model Tree Structures
- Model Tree Structures with Parent References
- Model Tree Structures with Child References
- Model Tree Structures with an Array of Ancestors
- Model Tree Structures with Materialized Paths
- Model Tree Structures with Nested Sets
- Model Specific Application Contexts
- Model Data for Atomic Operations
- Model Data to Support Keyword Search
- Model Data for Schema Versioning
- Model Monetary Data
- Model Time Data
- Model Computed Data
- Data Model Reference
- 事务
- 索引
- Single Field Indexes
- Compound Indexes
- Multikey Indexes
- Text Indexes
- Wildcard Indexes
- 2dsphere Indexes
- 2d Indexes
- geoHaystack Indexes
- Hashed Indexes
- 索引特性
- Index Builds on Populated Collections
- 索引交集
- Manage Indexes
- 衡量索引使用
- Indexing Strategies
- Indexing Reference
- 2d索引
- 2dsphere索引
- 复合索引
- geoHaystack索引
- Hashed 索引
- 在填充的集合上建立索引
- 索引参考
- 索引策略
- 管理索引
- 多键索引
- 单字段索引
- 文本索引
- 通配符索引
- 安全
- 安全检查列表
- Enable Access Control
- 身份验证
- Users
- Add Users
- Authentication Mechanisms
- SCRAM
- x.509
- Enterprise Authentication Mechanisms
- Kerberos Authentication
- LDAP Proxy Authentication
- LDAP Authorization
- Internal/Membership Authentication
- Deploy Replica Set With Keyfile Authentication
- Update Replica Set to Keyfile Authentication
- Update Replica Set to Keyfile Authentication (No Downtime)
- Rotate Keys for Replica Sets
- Deploy Sharded Cluster with Keyfile Authentication
- Update Sharded Cluster to Keyfile Authentication
- Update Sharded Cluster to Keyfile Authentication (No Downtime)
- Rotate Keys for Sharded Clusters
- Use x.509 Certificate for Membership Authentication
- Upgrade from Keyfile Authentication to x.509 Authentication
- Rolling Update of x.509 Cluster Certificates that Contain New DN
- Role-Based Access Control
- TLS/SSL (Transport Encryption)
- Encryption at Rest
- Client-Side Field Level Encryption
- 审计
- Network and Configuration Hardening
- Implement Field Level Redaction
- Security Reference
- Create a Vulnerability Report
- Appendix
- 附录
- 启用访问控制
- 网络和配置强化
- 安全参考
- 改变流
- 复制集
- 复制集成员
- 副本集日志
- Replica Set Data Synchronization
- 副本集部署架构
- Replica Set High Availability
- Replica Set Read and Write Semantics
- Replica Set Deployment Tutorials
- Member Configuration Tutorials
- Replica Set Maintenance Tutorials
- Change the Size of the Oplog
- Perform Maintenance on Replica Set Members
- Force a Member to Become Primary
- Resync a Member of a Replica Set
- Configure Replica Set Tag Sets
- Reconfigure a Replica Set with Unavailable Members
- Manage Chained Replication
- Change Hostnames in a Replica Set
- Configure a Secondary’s Sync Target
- Replication Reference
- 副本集数据同步
- 分片
- 分片集群组成]
- 片键
- 哈希分片
- 范围分片
- 部署分片集群
- 区域
- Data Partitioning with Chunks
- Balancer
- Administration
- Config Server Administration
- Replace a Config Server
- View Cluster Configuration
- Restart a Sharded Cluster
- Migrate a Sharded Cluster to Different Hardware
- Add Shards to a Cluster
- Remove Shards from an Existing Sharded Cluster
- Clear jumbo Flag
- Back Up Cluster Metadata
- Convert Sharded Cluster to Replica Set
- Convert a Replica Set to a Sharded Cluster
- Convert a Shard Standalone to a Shard Replica Set
- Sharding Reference
- 分片键
- Zone
- 管理权限
- 产品说明
- Operations Checklist
- Development Checklist
- Performance
- 配置和维护
- Data Center Awareness
- MongoDB Backup Methods
- Back Up and Restore with Filesystem Snapshots
- Back Up and Restore with MongoDB Tools
- Restore a Replica Set from MongoDB Backups
- Backup and Restore Sharded Clusters
- Back Up a Sharded Cluster with File System Snapshots
- Back Up a Sharded Cluster with Database Dumps
- Schedule Backup Window for Sharded Clusters
- Restore a Sharded Cluster
- Recover a Standalone after an Unexpected Shutdown
- Monitoring for MongoDB
- 开发检查表
- MogoDB 备份方法
- 操作检查表
- MongoDB性能
- 存储
- 常见问题
- 参考
- Operators
- Query and Projection Operators
- Comparison Query Operators
- Logical Query Operators
- Element Query Operators
- Evaluation Query Operators
- Geospatial Query Operators
- Array Query Operators
- Bitwise Query Operators
- $comment
- 查询与映射运算符
- 更新运算符
- Field Update Operators
- Array Update Operators
- Bitwise Update Operator
- Aggregation Pipeline Stages
- $addFields (aggregation)
- $bucket (aggregation)
- $bucketAuto (aggregation)
- $collStats (aggregation)
- $count (aggregation)
- $currentOp (aggregation)
- $facet (aggregation)
- $geoNear (aggregation)
- $graphLookup (aggregation)
- $group (aggregation)
- $indexStats (aggregation)
- $limit (aggregation)
- $listLocalSessions
- $listSessions
- $lookup (aggregation)
- $match (aggregation)
- $merge (aggregation)
- $out (aggregation)
- $planCacheStats
- $project (aggregation)
- $redact (aggregation)
- $replaceRoot (aggregation)
- $replaceWith (aggregation)
- $sample (aggregation)
- $set (aggregation)
- $skip (aggregation)
- $sort (aggregation)
- $sortByCount (aggregation)
- $unionWith (aggregation)
- $unset (aggregation)
- $unwind (aggregation)
- Aggregation Pipeline Operators
- $sin (aggregation)
- $abs (aggregation)
- $slice (aggregation)
- $accumulator (aggregation)
- $split (aggregation)
- $acos (aggregation)
- $sqrt (aggregation)
- $acosh (aggregation)
- $add (aggregation)
- $addToSet (aggregation)
- $allElementsTrue (aggregation)
- $and (aggregation)
- $anyElementTrue (aggregation)
- $arrayElemAt (aggregation)
- $arrayToObject (aggregation)
- $asin (aggregation)
- $asinh (aggregation)
- $sum (aggregation)
- $atan (aggregation)
- $atan2 (aggregation)
- $tan (aggregation)
- $atanh (aggregation)
- $avg (aggregation)
- $binarySize (aggregation)
- $bsonSize (aggregation)
- $ceil (aggregation)
- $toInt (aggregation)
- $cmp (aggregation)
- $concat (aggregation)
- $concatArrays (aggregation)
- $cond (aggregation)
- $convert (aggregation)
- $cos (aggregation)
- $dateFromParts (aggregation)
- $dateToParts (aggregation)
- $type (aggregation)
- $dateFromString (aggregation)
- $week (aggregation)
- $dateToString (aggregation)
- $year (aggregation)
- $dayOfMonth (aggregation)
- $zip (aggregation)
- $dayOfWeek (aggregation)
- $dayOfYear (aggregation)
- $degreesToRadians (aggregation)
- $divide (aggregation)
- $eq (aggregation)
- $exp (aggregation)
- $filter (aggregation)
- $first (aggregation accumulator)
- $first (aggregation)
- $floor (aggregation)
- $function (aggregation)
- $gt (aggregation)
- $gte (aggregation)
- $hour (aggregation)
- $ifNull (aggregation)
- $in (aggregation)
- $indexOfArray (aggregation)
- $indexOfBytes (aggregation)
- $indexOfCP (aggregation)
- $isArray (aggregation)
- $isNumber (aggregation)
- $isoDayOfWeek (aggregation)
- $isoWeek (aggregation)
- $isoWeekYear (aggregation)
- $last (aggregation accumulator)
- $last (aggregation)
- $let (aggregation)
- $literal (aggregation)
- $ln (aggregation)
- $log (aggregation)
- $log10 (aggregation)
- $lt (aggregation)
- $lte (aggregation)
- $trim (aggregation)
- $map (aggregation)
- $max (aggregation)
- $mergeObjects (aggregation)
- $meta
- $min (aggregation)
- $millisecond (aggregation)
- $minute (aggregation)
- $mod (aggregation)
- $month (aggregation)
- $multiply (aggregation)
- $ne (aggregation)
- $not (aggregation)
- $objectToArray (aggregation)
- $or (aggregation)
- $pow (aggregation)
- $push (aggregation)
- $radiansToDegrees (aggregation)
- $range (aggregation)
- $reduce (aggregation)
- $regexFind (aggregation)
- $regexFindAll (aggregation)
- $regexMatch (aggregation)
- $replaceOne (aggregation)
- $replaceAll (aggregation)
- $reverseArray (aggregation)
- $round (aggregation)
- $rtrim (aggregation)
- $second (aggregation)
- $setDifference (aggregation)
- $setEquals (aggregation)
- $setIntersection (aggregation)
- $setIsSubset (aggregation)
- $setUnion (aggregation)
- $size (aggregation)
- $slice (aggregation)
- $split (aggregation)
- $sqrt (aggregation)
- $stdDevPop (aggregation)
- $stdDevSamp (aggregation)
- $strcasecmp (aggregation)
- $strLenBytes (aggregation)
- $strLenCP (aggregation)
- $substr (aggregation)
- $substrBytes (aggregation)
- $substrCP (aggregation)
- $subtract (aggregation)
- $sum (aggregation)
- $switch (aggregation)
- $tan (aggregation)
- $toBool (aggregation)
- $toDate (aggregation)
- $toDecimal (aggregation)
- $toDouble(aggregation)
- $toInt (aggregation)
- $toLong (aggregation)
- $toObjectId (aggregation)
- $toString (aggregation)
- $toLower (aggregation)
- $toUpper (aggregation)
- $trim (aggregation)
- $trunc (aggregation)
- $type (aggregation)
- $week (aggregation)
- $year (aggregation)
- $zip (aggregation)
- 查询修饰符
- $comment
- $explain
- $hint
- $max
- $maxTimeMS
- $min
- $orderby
- $query
- $returnKey
- $showDiskLoc
- $natural
- 聚合管道操作符
- $abs (aggregation)
- $acos (aggregation)
- $acosh (aggregation)
- $add (aggregation)
- $addToSet (aggregation)
- $and (aggregation)
- $anyElementTrue (aggregation)
- $arrayElemAt (aggregation)
- $arrayToObject (aggregation)
- $asin (aggregation)
- $asinh (aggregation)
- $atan (aggregation)
- $atan2 (aggregation)
- $atanh (aggregation)
- $avg (aggregation)
- $ceil (aggregation)
- $cmp (aggregation)
- $concat (aggregation)
- $concatArrays (aggregation)
- $cond (aggregation)
- $convert (aggregation)
- $cos (aggregation)
- $dateFromParts (aggregation)
- $dateFromString (aggregation)
- $dateToParts (aggregation)
- $dateToString (aggregation)
- $literal (aggregation)
- 聚合管道阶段
- 数据库命令
- Aggregation Commands
- aggregate
- count
- distinct
- mapReduce
- Geospatial Commands
- geoSearch
- Query and Write Operation Commands
- delete
- find
- findAndModify
- getLastError
- getMore
- insert
- resetError
- update
- 查询计划缓存命令
- planCacheClear
- planCacheClearFilters
- planCacheListFilters
- planCacheSetFilter
- 认证命令
- authenticate
- getnonce
- logout
- User Management Commands
- createUser
- dropAllUsersFromDatabase
- dropUser
- grantRolesToUser
- revokeRolesFromUser
- updateUser
- usersInfo
- Role Management Commands
- createRole
- dropRole
- dropAllRolesFromDatabase
- grantPrivilegesToRole
- grantRolesToRole
- invalidateUserCache
- revokePrivilegesFromRole
- revokeRolesFromRole
- rolesInfo
- updateRole
- Replication Commands
- applyOps
- isMaster
- replSetAbortPrimaryCatchUp
- replSetFreeze
- replSetGetConfig
- replSetGetStatus
- replSetInitiate
- replSetMaintenance
- replSetReconfig
- replSetResizeOplog
- replSetStepDown
- replSetSyncFrom
- Sharding Commands
- addShard
- addShardToZone
- balancerCollectionStatus
- balancerStart
- balancerStatus
- balancerStop
- checkShardingIndex
- clearJumboFlag
- cleanupOrphaned
- enableSharding
- flushRouterConfig
- getShardMap
- getShardVersion
- isdbgrid
- listShards
- medianKey
- moveChunk
- movePrimary
- mergeChunks
- refineCollectionShardKey
- removeShard
- removeShardFromZone
- setShardVersion
- shardCollection
- shardingState
- split
- splitChunk
- splitVector
- unsetSharding
- updateZoneKeyRange
- Sessions Commands
- abortTransaction
- commitTransaction
- endSessions
- killAllSessions
- killAllSessionsByPattern
- killSessions
- refreshSessions
- startSession
- Administration Commands
- cloneCollectionAsCapped
- collMod
- compact
- connPoolSync
- convertToCapped
- create
- createIndexes
- currentOp
- drop
- dropDatabase
- dropConnections
- dropIndexes
- filemd5
- fsync
- fsyncUnlock
- getDefaultRWConcern
- getParameter
- killCursors
- killOp
- listCollections
- listDatabases
- listIndexes
- logRotate
- reIndex
- renameCollection
- setFeatureCompatibilityVersion
- setIndexCommitQuorum
- setParameter
- setDefaultRWConcern
- shutdown
- Diagnostic Commands
- availableQueryOptions
- buildInfo
- collStats
- connPoolStats
- connectionStatus
- cursorInfo
- dataSize
- dbHash
- dbStats
- diagLogging
- driverOIDTest
- explain
- features
- getCmdLineOpts
- getLog
- hostInfo
- isSelf
- listCommands
- lockInfo
- netstat
- ping
- profile
- serverStatus
- shardConnPoolStats
- top
- validate
- whatsmyuri
- 免费监控命令
- getFreeMonitoringStatus
- setFreeMonitoring
- 数据库命令
- logApplicationMessage
- 管理命令
- 聚合命令
- 诊断命令
- 地理空间命令
- 查询和写操作命令
- 复制命令
- 角色管理命令
- 会话命令
- 分片命令
- 用户管理命令
- mongo Shell 方法
- Collection Methods
- db.collection.aggregate()
- db.collection.bulkWrite()
- db.collection.copyTo()
- db.collection.count()
- db.collection.countDocuments()
- db.collection.estimatedDocumentCount()
- db.collection.createIndex()
- db.collection.createIndexes()
- db.collection.dataSize()
- db.collection.deleteOne()
- db.collection.deleteMany()
- db.collection.distinct()
- db.collection.drop()
- db.collection.dropIndex()
- db.collection.dropIndexes()
- db.collection.ensureIndex()
- db.collection.explain()
- db.collection.find()
- db.collection.findAndModify()
- db.collection.findOne()
- db.collection.findOneAndDelete()
- db.collection.findOneAndReplace()
- db.collection.findOneAndUpdate()
- db.collection.getIndexes()
- db.collection.getShardDistribution()
- db.collection.getShardVersion()
- db.collection.hideIndex()
- db.collection.insert()
- db.collection.insertOne()
- db.collection.insertMany()
- db.collection.isCapped()
- db.collection.latencyStats()
- db.collection.mapReduce()
- db.collection.reIndex()
- db.collection.remove()
- db.collection.renameCollection()
- db.collection.replaceOne()
- db.collection.save()
- db.collection.stats()
- db.collection.storageSize()
- db.collection.totalIndexSize()
- db.collection.totalSize()
- db.collection.unhideIndex()
- db.collection.update()
- db.collection.updateOne()
- db.collection.updateMany()
- db.collection.watch()
- db.collection.validate()
- Cursor Methods
- cursor.addOption()
- cursor.allowDiskUse()
- cursor.allowPartialResults()
- cursor.batchSize()
- cursor.close()
- cursor.isClosed()
- cursor.collation()
- cursor.comment()
- cursor.count()
- cursor.explain()
- cursor.forEach()
- cursor.hasNext()
- cursor.hint()
- cursor.isExhausted()
- cursor.itcount()
- cursor.limit()
- cursor.map()
- cursor.max()
- cursor.maxTimeMS()
- cursor.min()
- cursor.next()
- cursor.noCursorTimeout()
- cursor.objsLeftInBatch()
- cursor.pretty()
- cursor.readConcern()
- cursor.readPref()
- cursor.returnKey()
- cursor.showRecordId()
- cursor.size()
- cursor.skip()
- cursor.sort()
- cursor.tailable()
- cursor.toArray()
- Database Methods
- db.adminCommand()
- db.aggregate()
- db.cloneDatabase()
- db.commandHelp()
- db.copyDatabase()
- db.createCollection()
- db.createView()
- db.currentOp()
- db.dropDatabase()
- db.eval()
- db.fsyncLock()
- db.fsyncUnlock()
- db.getCollection()
- db.getCollectionInfos()
- db.getCollectionNames()
- db.getLastError()
- db.getLastErrorObj()
- db.getLogComponents()
- db.getMongo()
- db.getName()
- db.getProfilingLevel()
- db.getProfilingStatus()
- db.getReplicationInfo()
- db.getSiblingDB()
- db.help()
- db.hostInfo()
- db.isMaster()
- db.killOp()
- db.listCommands()
- db.logout()
- db.printCollectionStats()
- db.printReplicationInfo()
- db.printShardingStatus()
- db.printSlaveReplicationInfo()
- db.resetError()
- db.runCommand()
- db.serverBuildInfo()
- db.serverCmdLineOpts()
- db.serverStatus()
- db.setLogLevel()
- db.setProfilingLevel()
- db.shutdownServer()
- db.stats()
- db.version()
- db.watch()
- Query Plan Cache Methods
- db.collection.getPlanCache()
- PlanCache.clear()
- PlanCache.clearPlansByQuery()
- PlanCache.help()
- PlanCache.list()
- Bulk Operation Methods
- db.collection.initializeOrderedBulkOp()
- db.collection.initializeUnorderedBulkOp()
- Bulk()
- Bulk.execute()
- Bulk.find()
- Bulk.find.arrayFilters()
- Bulk.find.collation()
- Bulk.find.hint()
- Bulk.find.remove()
- Bulk.find.removeOne()
- Bulk.find.replaceOne()
- Bulk.find.updateOne()
- Bulk.find.update()
- Bulk.find.upsert()
- Bulk.getOperations()
- Bulk.insert()
- Bulk.tojson()
- Bulk.toString()
- User Management Methods
- db.auth()
- db.changeUserPassword()
- db.createUser()
- db.dropUser()
- db.dropAllUsers()
- db.getUser()
- db.getUsers()
- db.grantRolesToUser()
- db.removeUser()
- db.revokeRolesFromUser()
- db.updateUser()
- passwordPrompt()
- Role Management Methods
- db.createRole()
- db.dropRole()
- db.dropAllRoles()
- db.getRole()
- db.getRoles()
- db.grantPrivilegesToRole()
- db.revokePrivilegesFromRole()
- db.grantRolesToRole()
- db.revokeRolesFromRole()
- db.updateRole()
- Replication Methods
- rs.add()
- rs.addArb()
- rs.conf()
- rs.freeze()
- rs.help()
- rs.initiate()
- rs.printReplicationInfo()
- rs.printSlaveReplicationInfo()
- rs.reconfig()
- rs.remove()
- rs.status()
- rs.stepDown()
- rs.syncFrom()
- Sharding Methods
- sh.addShard()
- sh.addShardTag()
- sh.addShardToZone()
- sh.addTagRange()
- sh.balancerCollectionStatus()
- sh.disableBalancing()
- sh.enableBalancing()
- sh.disableAutoSplit
- sh.enableAutoSplit
- sh.enableSharding()
- sh.getBalancerHost()
- sh.getBalancerState()
- sh.removeTagRange()
- sh.removeRangeFromZone()
- sh.help()
- sh.isBalancerRunning()
- sh.moveChunk()
- sh.removeShardTag()
- sh.removeShardFromZone()
- sh.setBalancerState()
- sh.shardCollection()
- sh.splitAt()
- sh.splitFind()
- sh.startBalancer()
- sh.status()
- sh.stopBalancer()
- sh.waitForBalancer()
- sh.waitForBalancerOff()
- sh.waitForPingChange()
- sh.updateZoneKeyRange()
- convertShardKeyToHashed
- Free Monitoring Methods
- db.disableFreeMonitoring()
- db.enableFreeMonitoring()
- db.getFreeMonitoringStatus
- Object Constructors and Methods
- BulkWriteResult()
- Date()
- ObjectId
- ObjectId.getTimestamp()
- ObjectId.toString()
- ObjectId.valueOf()
- UUID()
- WriteResult()
- WriteResult.hasWriteError()
- WriteResult.hasWriteConcernError()
- Connection Methods
- connect()
- Mongo()
- Mongo.getDB()
- Mongo.getReadPrefMode()
- Mongo.getReadPrefTagSet()
- Mongo.isCausalConsistency()
- Mongo.setCausalConsistency()
- Mongo.setReadPref()
- Mongo.startSession()
- Mongo.watch()
- Session
- SessionOptions
- Native Methods
- cat()
- cd()
- copyDbpath()
- getHostName()
- getMemInfo()
- hostname()
- isInteractive()
- listFiles()
- load()
- ls()
- md5sumFile()
- mkdir()
- pwd()
- quit()
- removeFile()
- resetDbpath()
- sleep()
- setVerboseShell()
- version()
- _isWindows()
- _rand()
- Client-Side Field Level Encryption Methods
- getKeyVault()
- KeyVault.createKey()
- KeyVault.deleteKey()
- KeyVault.getKey()
- KeyVault.getKeys()
- KeyVault.addKeyAlternateName()
- KeyVault.removeKeyAlternateName()
- KeyVault.getKeyByAltName()
- getClientEncryption()
- ClientEncryption.encrypt()
- ClientEncryption.decrypt()
- mongo Shell 方法
- MongoDB Package Components
- Configuration File Options
- MongoDB Server Parameters
- MongoDB Limits and Thresholds
- Explain Results
- System Collections
- 连接字符串URI格式
- 排序
- MongoDB的Wire协议
- 日志消息
- Exit Codes and Statuses
- 词汇表
- 默认的MongoDB端口
- Default MongoDB Read Concerns/Write Concerns
- 服务器会话
- Configuration File Options
- 默认的MongoDB读/写关注
- 退出代码和状态
- MongoDB Limits and Thresholds
- Operators
- 更新说明
- Release Notes for MongoDB 4.4
- Release Notes for MongoDB 4.2
- Release Notes for MongoDB 4.0
- Release Notes for MongoDB 3.6
- Release Notes for MongoDB 3.4
- Release Notes for MongoDB 3.2
- Release Notes for MongoDB 3.0
- Release Notes for MongoDB 2.6
- Release Notes for MongoDB 2.4
- Release Notes for MongoDB 2.2
- Release Notes for MongoDB 2.0
- Release Notes for MongoDB 1.8
- Release Notes for MongoDB 1.6
- Release Notes for MongoDB 1.4
- Release Notes for MongoDB 1.2.x
- MongoDB Versioning
- 技术支持
- 开始使用MongoDB开发
- 联系我们
- 更多资料
- 本书使用 GitBook 发布
多键索引范围
多键索引范围
在本页面
索引扫描的边界定义查询期间要搜索的索引部分。当索引上存在多个谓词时,MongoDB将尝试通过交集或复合的方式组合这些谓词的边界,以产生具有更小边界的扫描。
多键索引的交集边界
边界交集指的是多个边界的逻辑连接(即:AND)。例如,给定两个边界[[3,∞]
]和[[-∞,6]
],边界的交集得到[[3,6]
]。
给定一个索引数组字段,请考虑一个查询,该查询在数组上指定多个谓词,并且可以使用 多键索引。如果联接连接谓词,则MongoDB可以与多键索引边界相交 $elemMatch
。
给定索引数组字段,考虑一个在数组上指定多个谓词并可以使用多键索引的查询。如果一个$elemMatch
连接谓词,MongoDB可以交叉多键索引边界。
例如,一个集合survey
包含带有一个字段item
和一个数组字段的文档 ratings
:
{ _id: 1, item: "ABC", ratings: [ 2, 9 ] }
{ _id: 2, item: "XYZ", ratings: [ 4, 3 ] }
在ratings
数组上创建一个多键索引:
db.survey.createIndex( { ratings: 1 } )
下面的查询使用$elemMatch
要求数组至少包含一个匹配这两个条件的元素:
db.survey.find( { ratings : { $elemMatch: { $gte: 3, $lte: 6 } } } )
分别取谓词:
- 大于或等于3的谓词(即
$gte: 3
)的边界为[[3,∞]
]; - 小于或等于6谓词(即
$lte: 6
)的边界为[[-∞,6]
]。
因为查询使用$elemMatch
来连接这些谓词,MongoDB可以交叉边界到:
ratings: [ [ 3, 6 ] ]
如果查询没有将数组字段的条件与$elemMatch
连接起来,MongoDB就不能与多键索引边界相交。考虑以下查询:
db.survey.find( { ratings : { $gte: 3, $lte: 6 } } )
查询在ratings数组中搜索至少一个大于或等于3的元素和至少一个小于或等于6的元素。因为单个元素不需要同时满足两个条件,所以MongoDB不相交边界,使用[[3,∞]
]或[[-∞,6]
]。MongoDB不保证它选择这两个边界中的哪一个。
多键索引的复合边界
复合边界是指对复合索引的多个键使用边界。例如,给定一个复合索引{a: 1, b: 1}
,其中a字段的界值为[[3,∞]
],b字段的界值为[[-∞,6]
],复合这些界值可以得到两个界值的使用:
{ a: [ [ 3, Infinity ] ], b: [ [ -Infinity, 6 ] ] }
如果MongoDB不能复合这两个边界,MongoDB总是按照前场的边界约束索引扫描,在这种情况下,a:[[3,∞]
]。
数组字段的复合索引
考虑一个复合的多键索引;即复合索引,其中索引字段之一是数组。例如,一个集合survey
包含带有一个字段item
和一个数组字段的文档 ratings
:
{ _id: 1, item: "ABC", ratings: [ 2, 9 ] }
{ _id: 2, item: "XYZ", ratings: [ 4, 3 ] }
在item字段和ratings字段上创建复合索引:
db.survey.createIndex( { item: 1, ratings: 1 } )
下面的查询在索引的两个键上指定一个条件:
db.survey.find( { item: "XYZ", ratings: { $gte: 3 } } )
分别取谓词:
- 谓词"XYZ"的边界是[
["XYZ", "XYZ"]
]; - 评级:{
$gte: 3
}谓词的边界是[[3,∞]
];
MongoDB可以复合这两个边界使用的组合边界:
{ item: [ [ "XYZ", "XYZ" ] ], ratings: [ [ 3, Infinity ] ] }
对标量索引字段的范围查询(WiredTiger)
3.4版本的改变:仅针对WiredTiger和内存存储引擎
从MongoDB 3.4开始,对于使用MongoDB 3.4或更高版本创建的多键索引,MongoDB会跟踪哪个索引字段或哪些字段导致一个索引成为多键索引。跟踪这些信息允许MongoDB查询引擎使用更紧密的索引边界
上述复合索引位于标量字段item
和数组字段ratings
:
db.survey.createIndex( { item: 1, ratings: 1 } )
对于WiredTiger和内存中的存储引擎,如果一个查询操作在MongoDB 3.4或更高版本中创建的复合多键索引的索引标量字段上指定多个谓词,MongoDB将与字段的边界相交。
例如,下面的操作指定了标量字段的范围查询以及数组字段的范围查询:
db.survey.find( {
item: { $gte: "L", $lte: "Z"}, ratings : { $elemMatch: { $gte: 3, $lte: 6 } }
} )
MongoDB将item到[[“L”,“Z”]
]和评级到[[3.0,6.0]
]的边界相交,使用以下的组合边界:
"item" : [ [ "L", "Z" ] ], "ratings" : [ [3.0, 6.0] ]
再举一个例子,考虑标量字段属于嵌套文档的位置。例如,一个集合survey
包含以下文档:
{ _id: 1, item: { name: "ABC", manufactured: 2016 }, ratings: [ 2, 9 ] }
{ _id: 2, item: { name: "XYZ", manufactured: 2013 }, ratings: [ 4, 3 ] }
在标量字段“item.name”
和“item”
上创建复合多键索引。数组字段ratings
:
db.survey.createIndex( { "item.name": 1, "item.manufactured": 1, ratings: 1 } )
考虑以下操作,它在标量字段上指定查询谓词:
db.survey.find( {
"item.name": "L" ,
"item.manufactured": 2012
} )
对于这个查询,MongoDB可以使用以下的组合边界:
"item.name" : [ ["L", "L"] ], "item.manufactured" : [ [2012.0, 2012.0] ]
早期版本的MongoDB不能合并标量字段的这些边界。
对嵌入文档数组中的字段进行复合索引
如果数组包含嵌入的文档,要对嵌入文档中包含的字段进行索引,请使用索引规范中的虚线字段名。例如,给定以下嵌入文档数组:
ratings: [ { score: 2, by: "mn" }, { score: 9, by: "anon" } ]
分数字段的虚线字段名是“ratings.score”。
非数组字段和数组字段的复合边界
考虑一个包含字段item
和数组字段ratings
的文档的集合survey2:
{
_id: 1,
item: "ABC",
ratings: [ { score: 2, by: "mn" }, { score: 9, by: "anon" } ]
}
{
_id: 2,
item: "XYZ",
ratings: [ { score: 5, by: "anon" }, { score: 7, by: "wv" } ]
}
在非数组字段item
和数组ratings
中的两个字段上创建复合索引。score
和ratings.by
:
db.survey2.createIndex( { "item": 1, "ratings.score": 1, "ratings.by": 1 } )
下面的查询为所有三个字段指定了一个条件:
db.survey2.find( { item: "XYZ", "ratings.score": { $lte: 5 }, "ratings.by": "anon" } )
分别取谓词:
- 谓词
"XYZ"
的边界是[["XYZ", "XYZ"]
]; {$lte: 5}
谓词的边界是[[-∞,5]
];- by: "anon"谓词的边界是["anon", "anon"]。
MongoDB的可以复合边界为item
与键或者为边界"ratings.score"
或界限为"ratings.by"
取决于查询谓词和索引关键字的值,。MongoDB不保证与item
领域的界限。例如,MongoDB将选择将item
边界与"ratings.score"
边界复合 :
{
"item" : [ [ "XYZ", "XYZ" ] ],
"ratings.score" : [ [ -Infinity, 5 ] ],
"ratings.by" : [ [ MinKey, MaxKey ] ]
}
或者,MongoDB可以选择将item
范围与 "ratings.by"
范围进行组合:
{
"item" : [ [ "XYZ", "XYZ" ] ],
"ratings.score" : [ [ MinKey, MaxKey ] ],
"ratings.by" : [ [ "anon", "anon" ] ]
}
然而,为了复合“评级”的界限。带有“ratings.by”
边界的“score”
。查询必须使用$elemMatch
。有关更多信息,请参见 数组中索引字段的复合边界。
数组中索引字段的复合边界
将同一个数组的索引键的边界复合在一起:
- 索引键必须共享相同的字段路径,但不包括字段名称。
- 查询必须使用该路径上的$elemMatch在字段上指定谓词。
对于嵌入文档中的字段,虚线字段名,例如“a.b.c”.d",是d的字段路径。要复合同一个数组的索引键的边界,$elemMatch
必须在到但不包括字段名本身的路径上;即.“a.b.c”
。
例如,在ratings.score和ratings.by字段创建一个符合索引:
db.survey2.createIndex( { "ratings.score": 1, "ratings.by": 1 } )
字段"ratings.score"
和"ratings.by"
共享字段路径ratings
。以下查询使用$elemMatch
的字段ratings
,以要求所述阵列包含至少有一个元素匹配这两个条件:
db.survey2.find( { ratings: { $elemMatch: { score: { $lte: 5 }, by: "anon" } } } )
分别取谓词:
- { $lte: 5 }谓词的边界是[-∞,5];
- by: "anon"谓词的边界是["anon", "anon"]
MongoDB可以复合这两个边界使用的组合边界:
{ "ratings.score" : [ [ -Infinity, 5 ] ], "ratings.by" : [ [ "anon", "anon" ] ] }
查询没有$elemMatch
如果查询没有将索引数组字段的条件与$elemMatch
h连接起来,MongoDB就不能复合它们的边界。考虑以下查询:
db.survey2.find( { "ratings.score": { $lte: 5 }, "ratings.by": "anon" } )
因为数组中嵌入的单个文档不需要同时满足这两个条件,所以MongoDB不复合边界。使用复合索引时,如果MongoDB不能约束索引的所有字段,MongoDB总是约束索引的前导字段,这里是“ratings.score”
:
{
"ratings.score": [ [ -Infinity, 5 ] ],
"ratings.by": [ [ MinKey, MaxKey ] ]
}
$elemMatch
在不完整路径上
如果查询没有在嵌入字段的路径上指定$elemMatch
,最多但不包括字段名,MongoDB不能复合来自同一数组的索引键的边界。
例如,集合survey3
包含一个字段item
和一个数组字段ratings
的文档:
{
_id: 1,
item: "ABC",
ratings: [ { scores: [ { q1: 2, q2: 4 }, { q1: 3, q2: 8 } ], loc: "A" },
{ scores: [ { q1: 2, q2: 5 } ], loc: "B" } ]
}
{
_id: 2,
item: "XYZ",
ratings: [ { scores: [ { q1: 7 }, { q1: 2, q2: 8 } ], loc: "B" } ]
}
在ratings.scores.q1
和ratings.scores.q2
字段上创建一个复合索引。
db.survey3.createIndex( { "ratings.scores.q1": 1, "ratings.scores.q2": 1 } )
字段"ratings.scores.q1"
和"ratings.scores.q2"
共享字段路径"ratings.scores"
,并且$elemMatch
必须在该路径上。
但是,下面的查询使用了$elemMatch
,但不是在必需的路径上:
db.survey3.find( { ratings: { $elemMatch: { 'scores.q1': 2, 'scores.q2': 8 } } } )
因此,MongoDB 无法混合边界,并且 "ratings.scores.q2"
在索引扫描期间该字段将不受限制。要增加界限,查询必须$elemMatch
在路径上使用"ratings.scores"
:
db.survey3.find( { 'ratings.scores': { $elemMatch: { 'q1': 2, 'q2': 8 } } } )
译者:杨帅
参见
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