1. 准备环境
服务器规划
角色 | IP | 组件 |
---|---|---|
k8s-master | 192.168.58.21 | kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube-scheduler,etcd |
k8s-node1 | 192.168.58.22 | kubelet,kube-proxy,docker etcd |
k8s-node2 | 192.168.58.23 | kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,etcd |
软件环境
软件 | 版本 |
---|---|
操作系统 | Centos8.2 |
etcd | 3.5.1 |
flannel | 0.10.0 |
Docker | 1.20.12 |
Kubernetes | 1.18.1 |
操作系统初始化配置
- 和之前的配置一致,关闭防火墙、selinux、swap 等。
添加 k8s 和 docker 账户
# 每台机器上添加 docker 账户,将 k8s 账户添加到 docker 组中,同时配置 dockerd 参数(注:安装完docker才有):
sudo useradd -m docker
sudo gpasswd -a k8s docker
sudo mkdir -p /opt/docker/
vim /opt/docker/daemon.json #可以后续部署docker时在操作
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://hub-mirror.c.163.com", "https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"],
"max-concurrent-downloads": 20
}
无密码 ssh 登录其他服务器
1、生成秘钥对
ssh-keygen #连续回车即可
2、将自己的公钥发给其他服务器
ssh-copy-id root@k8s-master01
ssh-copy-id root@k8s-node01
ssh-copy-id root@k8s-node02
2. 部署Etcd集群
2.1 认识Etcd
Etcd 是一个分布式键值存储系统,Kubernetes 使用 Etcd 进行数据存储,所以先准备一个 Etcd 数据库,为解决 Etcd 单点故障,应采用集群方式部署,这里使用 3 台组建集群,可容忍 1 台机器故障,当然,你也可以使用 5 台组建集群,可容忍 2 台机器故障。
注:为了节省及其,这里与 k8s 节点机器复用,也可以独立于 k8s 集群之外部署,只要 apiserver 能连接到就行。
下载地址:https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.5.1/etcd-v3.5.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz(尚硅谷使用:https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz)
2.2 准备cfssl证书生成工具
cfssl 是一个开源的证书管理工具,使用 json 文件生成证书,相比 openssl 更方便使用。找任意一台服务器操作,这里用 Master 节点。
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo
2.3 生成Etcd证书
1、自签证书颁发机构(CA)。
# 创建工作目录
mkdir -p ~/certs/{etcd,k8s}
cd certs/etcd
# 自签CA
# 创建配置文件
cat > ca-config.json<< EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
],
"expiry": "87600h"
}
}
}
}
EOF
# 创建证书签名请求文件
cat > ca-csr.json<< EOF
{
"CN": "etcd CA",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing"
}
]
}
EOF
# 生成证书
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca
# 查看证书
[root@k8s-master01 etcd]# ll
总用量 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 277 1月 14 10:08 ca-config.json
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 956 1月 14 10:08 ca.csr
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 167 1月 14 10:08 ca-csr.json
-rw------- 1 root root 1679 1月 14 10:08 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1273 1月 14 10:08 ca.pem
2、使用自签 CA 签发 Etcd HTTPS 证书。
# 创建证书申请文件,方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP
cat > server-csr.json<< EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.58.21",
"192.168.58.22",
"192.168.58.23"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing"
}
]
}
EOF
# 生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
# 查看生成的证书
[root@k8s-master01 etcd]# ls server*pem
server-key.pem server.pem
这里统一下,将所有的 etcd.service 类似的 service 文件放到 /var/lib/systemd/system/ 目录下。
2.4 部署操作
在 master 节点上操作,等完成后,拷贝文件到 node 节点操作。
1、创建工作目录并解压二进制包。
mkdir – p /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl}
tar -zxvf etcd-v3.5.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.5.1-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/
# 配置环境变量 vi /etc/profile
export PATH=$PATH:/opt/etcd/bin
2、创建 etcd 配置文件。
ETCD_NAME:节点名称,集群中唯一 ETCD_DATA_DIR:数据目录 ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS:集群通信监听地址 ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS:客户端访问监听地址 ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS:集群通告地址 ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS:客户端通告地址 ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER:集群节点地址 ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN:集群 Token ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE:加入集群的当前状态,new 是新集群,existing 表示加入已有集群
cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.58.21:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.58.21:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.58.21:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.58.21:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.58.21:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.58.22:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.58.23:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF
3、systemd 管理 etcd。
cat > /etc/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--logger=zap \
--enable-v2=true
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
4、把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径。
cp ~/certs/etcd/ca*pem ~/certs/etcd/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/
5、启动并设置开机启动,这里需要注意:必须 3 台机器同时启动,否则报错。
# 拷贝/opt/etcd/和/etc/systemd/system/etcd.service目录和文档到其他两台机器
scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.58.22:/opt/
scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.58.23:/opt/
scp /etc/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.58.22:/etc/systemd/system/etcd.service
scp /etc/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.58.23:/etc/systemd/system/etcd.service
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.58.22:/usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.58.23:/usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd
# 添加软链接
ln -s /opt/etcd/bin/etcd /usr/local/bin/etcd
ln -s /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl /usr/local/bin/etcdctl
6、查看集群状态信息。
[root@k8s-master01 etcd]# ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.58.21:2379,https://192.168.58.22:2379,https://192.168.58.23:2379" endpoint health
https://192.168.58.21:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 8.092927ms
https://192.168.58.23:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 8.287973ms
https://192.168.58.22:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 22.099142ms
3. 安装Docker
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum install docker-ce -y
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker
部署Flannel网络
配置证书
1、创建TLS 密钥和证书。
cat > flanneld-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "flanneld",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes flanneld-csr.json | cfssljson -bare flanneld
ls flanneld*
cp flanneld* /opt/etcd/ssl/
2、向 etcd 写入集群Pod 网段信息
# 上面的证书没用上
ETCDCTL_API=2 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl \
--ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--endpoints="https://192.168.58.21:2379,https://192.168.58.22:2379,https://192.168.58.23:2379" \
set /coreos.com/network/config '{"Network": "172.18.0.0/16","Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}'
# 查看
/opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--endpoints="https://192.168.58.21:2379,https://192.168.58.22:2379,https://192.168.58.23:2379" \
get /coreos.com/network/config
配置flannel(在所有节点上操作)
1、下载二进制包。
wget https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases/download/v0.10.0/flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -zxvf flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
mv flanneld mk-docker-opts.sh /opt/kubernetes/bin/
2、配置Flannel。
# vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld
FLANNEL_OPTIONS="--etcd-endpoints=https://192.168.58.21:2379,https://192.168.58.22:2379,https://192.168.58.23:2379 -etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem -etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem -etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"
# vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service
[Unit]
Description=Flanneld overlay address etcd agent
After=network-online.target network.target
Before=docker.service
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/flanneld --ip-masq $FLANNEL_OPTIONS
ExecStartPost=/opt/kubernetes/bin/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/subnet.env
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
# 配置Docker启动指定子网段,vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/run/flannel/subnet.env
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
3、重启 docker 和 flannel。
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start flanneld
systemctl enable flanneld
systemctl restart docker
# 检查是否生效,确保docker和flannel在同一网段
ip addr
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default
link/ether 02:42:40:a1:15:0b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.18.66.1/24 brd 172.18.66.255 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: flannel.1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default
link/ether 22:e8:e0:f9:8b:2c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.18.66.0/32 scope global flannel.1
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4、将 master 节点中的 /opt/kubernetes 目录和 docker.service、flanneld.service 文件拷贝到 22、23 服务器上。
4. 部署Master Node
4.1 生成kube-apiserver证书
在部署Kubernetes之前一定要确保etcd、flannel、docker是正常工作的,否则先解决问题再继续。
1、在 /root/certs/k8s/ 目录下进行设置,自签证书颁发机构(CA)
cat > ca-config.json<< EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json<< EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
2、生成证书。
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
3、使用自签 CA 签发 kube-apiserver HTTPS 证书。
# 创建证书申请文件
cat > server-csr.json<< EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"hosts": [
"10.0.0.1",
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.58.21",
"192.168.58.22",
"192.168.58.23",
"kubernetes",
"kubernetes.default",
"kubernetes.default.svc",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
# 生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
4.2 下载Kubernetes
1、从 GitHub 上下载 Kuberneters,下载地址:https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.23.md#downloads-for-v1231(最新版,我这里部署 kube-apiserver 报错,更换 1.18 版本:https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.18.md#v1183),这里只下载这个 server 包就够了,包含了 Master 和 Worker Node 二进制文件。
2、解压二进制包。
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager /opt/kubernetes/bin
cp kubectl /usr/bin/
4.3 部署kube-apiserver
1、创建配置文件。
–logtostderr:启用日志 —v:日志等级 –log-dir:日志目录 –etcd-servers:etcd 集群地址 –bind-address:监听地址 –secure-port:https 安全端口 –advertise-address:集群通告地址 –allow-privileged:启用授权 –service-cluster-ip-range:Service 虚拟 IP 地址段 –enable-admission-plugins:准入控制模块 –authorization-mode:认证授权,启用 RBAC 授权和节点自管理 –enable-bootstrap-token-auth:启用 TLS bootstrap 机制 –token-auth-file:bootstrap token 文件 –service-node-port-range:Service nodeport 类型默认分配端口范围 –kubelet-client-xxx:apiserver 访问 kubelet 客户端证书 –tls-xxx-file:apiserver https 证书 –etcd-xxxfile:连接 Etcd 集群证书 –audit-log-xxx:审计日志
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf<< EOF
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.58.21:2379,https://192.168.58.22:2379,https://192.168.58.23:2379 \\
--bind-address=192.168.58.21 \\
--secure-port=6443 \\
--advertise-address=192.168.58.21 \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \\
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \\
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \\
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \\
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \\
--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--audit-log-maxage=30 \\
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
--audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"
EOF
2、拷贝证书。
cp ~/certs/k8s/ca*pem ~/certs/k8s/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
3、启用 TLS Bootstrapping 机制:
- TLS Bootstraping:Master apiserver 启用 TLS 认证后,Node 节点 kubelet 和 kube-proxy 要与 kube-apiserver 进行通信,必须使用 CA 签发的有效证书才可以,当 Node 节点很多时,这种客户端证书颁发需要大量工作,同样也会增加集群扩展复杂度。为了简化流程,Kubernetes 引入了 TLS bootstraping 机制来自动颁发客户端证书,kubelet 会以一个低权限用户自动向 apiserver 申请证书,kubelet 的证书由 apiserver 动态签署。
- 所以强烈建议在 Node 上使用这种方式,目前主要用于 kubelet,kube-proxy 还是由我们统一颁发一个证书。
- TLS bootstraping 工作流程:
具体操作如下:
# 创建上述配置文件中 token 文件
# 格式:token,用户名,UID,用户组
# token 也可自行生成替换:head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv << EOF
3681985df76a35088045c18e3e0a5467,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:node-bootstrapper"
EOF
4、systemd 管理 apiserver。
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
5、启动并设置开机启动。
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
systemctl status kube-apiserver
6、授权 kubelet-bootstrap 用户允许请求证书。我这一步报错:error: failed to create clusterrolebinding: Post "[http://localhost:8080/apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/clusterrolebindings?fieldManager=kubectl-create":](http://localhost:8080/apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/clusterrolebindings?fieldManager=kubectl-create":) dial tcp 127.0.0.1:8080: connect: connection refused
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --user=kubelet-bootstrap
# 如果存在则删除
kubectl delete clusterrolebindings kubelet-bootstrap
4.4 部署kube-controller-manager
1、创建配置文件。
–master:通过本地非安全本地端口 8080 连接 apiserver。 –leader-elect:当该组件启动多个时,自动选举(HA) –cluster-signing-cert-file/–cluster-signing-key-file:自动为 kubelet 颁发证书 的 CA,与 apiserver 保持一致
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf << EOF
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \\
--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"
EOF
2、systemd 管理 controller-manager。
cat > /etc/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
3、启动并设置开机启动。
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
systemctl status kube-controller-manager
4.5 部署kube-scheduler
1、创建配置文件。
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf << EOF
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \
--leader-elect \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
--bind-address=127.0.0.1"
EOF
2、systemd 管理 scheduler。
cat > /etc/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
3、启动并设置开机启动。
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl enable kube-scheduler
systemctl status kube-scheduler
4、查看集群状态,所有组件都已经启动成功,通过 kubectl 工具查看当前集群组件状态:
kubectl get cs
5. 部署Work Node
5.1 创建工作目录并拷贝二进制文件
在所有的 worker node 服务器上操作:
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
从 master 节点拷贝:
tar -zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kubectl /usr/bin/
cp kubelet kube-proxy /opt/kubernetes/bin # 本地拷贝
5.2 部署kubelet
1、创建配置文件。
–hostname-override:显示名称,集群中唯一 –network-plugin:启用 CNI –kubeconfig:空路径,会自动生成,后面用于连接 apiserver –bootstrap-kubeconfig:首次启动向 apiserver 申请证书 –config:配置参数文件 –cert-dir:kubelet 证书生成目录 –pod-infra-container-image:管理 Pod 网络容器的镜像
# 这里需要手动修改hostname-overrider=k8s-node01
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf << EOF
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--hostname-override=k8s-node01 \\
--network-plugin=cni \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \\
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \\
--pod-infra-container-image=lizhenliang/pause-amd64:3.0"
EOF
2、配置参数文件。
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- 10.0.0.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
anonymous:
enabled: false
webhook:
cacheTTL: 2m0s
enabled: true
x509:
clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
authorization:
mode: Webhook
webhook:
cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
evictionHard:
imagefs.available: 15%
memory.available: 100Mi
nodefs.available: 10%
nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
EOF
3、将 master 一些配置文件拷贝到 node 节点上。
scp -r /opt/kubernetes/ssl root@192.168.58.22:/opt/kubernetes
scp -r /opt/kubernetes/ssl root@192.168.58.23:/opt/kubernetes
4、在生成kubernetes证书的目录下执行以下命令生成kubeconfig文件:
# 生成 bootstrap.kubeconfig 文件
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.58.21:6443" # apiserver IP:PORT
TOKEN="3681985df76a35088045c18e3e0a5467" # 与token.csv里保持一致
5、生成 kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 配置文件。
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials "kubelet-bootstrap" \
--token=${TOKEN} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user="kubelet-bootstrap" \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
mv bootstrap.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg
6、systemd 管理 kubelet。
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
7、启动并设置开机启动。
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl status kubelet
5.3 批准kubelet证书申请并加入集群(master操作)
# 查看kubelet证书请求
kubectl get csr
NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-5rKdgT7bN0WwmMHGtuq2uQYV7ThGce5xa6G3F0ZbNpc 12s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending
node-csr-aUSjUXBVumO4BfPEuLl4qGhiLpgXZQQWTqRsIiiStOc 8s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending
# 批准申请
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-5rKdgT7bN0WwmMHGtuq2uQYV7ThGce5xa6G3F0ZbNpc
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-aUSjUXBVumO4BfPEuLl4qGhiLpgXZQQWTqRsIiiStOc
# 查看节点
[root@k8s-master01 cfg]# kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-node01 NotReady <none> 4s v1.18.3
k8s-node02 NotReady <none> 3s v1.18.3
注:由于网络插件还没有部署,节点会没有准备就绪 NotReady,我这里节点没有显示。
7.4 部署kube-proxy
1、创建配置文件。
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf << EOF
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml"
EOF
2、配置参数文件。
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
clientConnection:
kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: m1
clusterCIDR: 10.0.0.0/24
EOF
3、生成 kube-proxy.kubeconfig 文件(master 生成传到 node)。
# 切换工作目录
cd ~/certs/k8s
# 创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
# 生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
scp -r /root/certs/k8s/kube-proxy*pem root@192.168.58.22:/opt/kubernetes/ssl
scp -r /root/certs/k8s/kube-proxy*pem root@192.168.58.23:/opt/kubernetes/ssl
4、生成 kubeconfig 文件:
# 拷贝证书到ssl目录
cp ~/certs/k8s/kube-proxy*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl
# ssl目录下操作
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.58.21:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
--client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
--client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-proxy \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
mv kube-proxy.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg/
5、systemd管理kube-proxy。
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
6、启动并设置开机启动。
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy
systemctl status kube-proxy
7.5 部署CNI网络
1、准备好 CNI 二进制文件:https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases。
2、node 节点操作。
mkdir /opt/cni/bin -p
tar zxvf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin
scp -r /opt/cni root@192.168.58.22:/opt/
scp -r /opt/cni root@192.168.58.23:/opt/
3、master 节点操作:
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
kubectl get node
7.6 授权apiserver访问kubelet
cat > apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
annotations:
rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
labels:
kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/proxy
- nodes/stats
- nodes/log
- nodes/spec
- nodes/metrics
- pods/log
verbs:
- "*"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: system:kube-apiserver
namespace: ""
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: User
name: kubernetes
EOF
kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml
7.7 新增加Work Node
1、拷贝已部署好的 Node 相关文件到新节点:在 master 节点将 Worker Node 涉及文件拷贝到新节点 192.168.31.72/73
scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@192.168.31.72:/opt/
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service root@192.168.31.72:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp -r /opt/cni/ root@192.168.31.72:/opt/
scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem root@192.168.31.72:/opt/kubernetes/ssl
2、删除 kubelet 证书和 kubeconfig 文件。
注:这几个文件是证书申请审批后自动生成的,每个 Node 不同,必须删除重新生成。
rm /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*
3、修改主机名。
# vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
--hostname-override=k8s-node1
# vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
hostnameOverride: k8s-node1
4、启动并设置开机启动。
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet
5、在 Master 上批准新 Node kubelet 证书申请。
kubectl get csr
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-4zTjsaVSrhuyhIGqsefxzVoZDCNKei- aE2jyTP81Uro
# 查看节点状态
Kubectl get node
6. 运行测试示例
创建一个Nginx Web,测试集群是否正常工作:
kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=88 --target-port=80 --type=NodePort
查看Pod,Service:
[root@k8s-master01 yamlconfig]# kubectl get pod,svc
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/nginx-f89759699-n8tqk 1/1 Running 0 2m8s
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.0.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 64m
service/nginx NodePort 10.0.0.54 <none> 80:31821/TCP 2m4s
浏览器访问:http://192.168.58.22:31821,即可成功访问到 nginx。这里需要注意,因没有在 master 节点上配置 kubelet 和 kube-proxy,所以 master 节点无法访问。
7. 参考资料
- 尚硅谷 k8s 学习文档。
- https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40942490/article/details/114022294。
- https://blog.csdn.net/yujia_666/article/details/106896723?spm=1001.2101.3001.6650.5&utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-2%7Edefault%7EBlogCommendFromBaidu%7Edefault-5.pc_relevant_paycolumn_v2&depth_1-utm_source=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-2%7Edefault%7EBlogCommendFromBaidu%7Edefault-5.pc_relevant_paycolumn_v2&utm_relevant_index=9。