1、企业架构规划

1.1 架构图

1.1.1 用户访问网站组成

1.1.2 运维人员访问网站组成

1.2 架构搭建顺序

1.3 架构环境

1.3.1 主机环境

1.3.2 各主机（IP/主机名）规划

1.3.3 初始目录规划

1.4 虚拟主机配置

1.4.1 虚拟主机网卡添加（vmware软件）

选择网络适配器，添加一块新对的网卡

图1-1 添加网卡
选项默认即可，下一步直到网卡添加成功。

图1-2 添加完成

1.4.2 编辑网络

修改网络选项，将NAT模式子网改为 10.0.0.0 /24
修改网关为10.0.0.254


图1-3 修改NAT网络的网段

图1-4 修改NAT网络的网关
设置网卡的格式
第一块网卡选择nat模式

图1-5 第一块网卡设置
第二块网卡选择lan区段

图1-6 第二块网卡设置 LAN区段
配置好lan区段后选择上lan区段即可

图1-7 第二块网卡选择好LAN区段

1.4.3 虚拟主机网卡地址配置

图1-8 第一块网卡eth0配置

图1-9 第二块网卡eth1配置

1.4.4 网卡配置好后注意

配置完成需要重启网络服务

/etc/init.d/network restart

2、架构主机优化脚本

注意：此脚本需要放在/tmp 目录下

#!/bin/bash
#################################################
#    File Name: optimize-init_sys.sh
#       Author: Energy
#         Mail: admin@znix.top
#     Function: system optimize scripts
#################################################
#optimization linux system
. /etc/init.d/functions
#change system directory: create seripts/software directory
function change_dir(){
    ShellDir="/server/scripts"
    SoftwareDir="/server/tools"
    mkdir -p $ShellDir &&\
    mkdir -p $SoftwareDir
}
# input info verify
function info_verify(){
    read -p "Please make sure the information you entered (yes|no): " info
  case "$info" in
        y*|Y*)
            continue
            ;;
        n*|N*)
            exit 1
          ;;
  esac
}
#change system hostname
function change_hostname(){
    read -p "Please input hostname: " HostName
        info_verify
    hostname $HostName &&\
    sed -i "2s/=.*$/=$HostName/g" /etc/sysconfig/network &&\
    chk_hosts=$(grep -o "\b$HostName\b" /etc/hosts)
    get_ip=$(ifconfig eth0|awk -F "[ :]+" 'NR==2 {print $4}')
    if [ -z $chk_hosts ]
    then
        echo "$get_ip   $HostName" >>/etc/hosts
    else
        continue
    fi
}
#boot system optimize: setup chkconfig
function change_chkconfig(){
    Boot_options="$1"
    for boots in `chkconfig --list|grep "3:on"|awk '{print $1}'|grep -vE "$Boot_options"`
    do
        chkconfig $boots off
    done
}
#setup system optimize: setup ulimit
function change_ulimit(){
    grep "*       -       nofile       65535" /etc/security/limits.conf >/dev/null 2>&1
    if [ $? -ne 0 ]
    then
        echo '*       -       nofile       65535' >>/etc/security/limits.conf
    fi
}
#setup system optimize: setup sysctl
function change_sysctl(){
    cat /tmp/sysctl.conf >/etc/sysctl.conf &&\
    modprobe bridge &>/dev/null &&\
    sysctl -p &>/dev/null
}
#sshd software optimize: change sshd_conf
function change_sshdfile(){
    SSH_Port="port 22"
    SSH_ListenAddress=$(ifconfig eth0|awk -F "[ :]+" 'NR==2 {print $4}')
    SSH_PermitRootLogin="PermitRootLogin no"
    SSH_PermitEmptyPassword="PermitEmptyPasswords no"
    SSH_GSSAPI="GSSAPIAuthentication no"
    SSH_DNS="useDNS no"
      #sed -i -e "13s/.*/$SSH_Port/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
      #sed -i -e "15s/.*/ListenAddress $SSH_ListenAddress/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
      #sed -i -e "42s/.*/$SSH_PermitRootLogin/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
      #sed -i -e "65s/.*/$SSH_PermitEmptyPassword/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
      sed -i -e "81s/.*/$SSH_GSSAPI/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
      sed -i -e "122s/.*/$SSH_DNS/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
}
#selinux software optimize: change disable
function change_selinux(){
    sed -i 's#SELINUX=.*#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/selinux/config &&\
    setenforce 0
}
#firewall software optimize: change stop
function change_firewall(){
    /etc/init.d/iptables stop >/dev/null 2>&1
}
#crond software optimize: time synchronization
function change_update(){
    grep -i "#crond-id-001" /var/spool/cron/root >/dev/null 2>&1
    if [ $? -ne 0 ]
    then
        echo '#crond-id-001:time sync by hq' >>/var/spool/cron/root
        echo "*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov >/dev/null 2>&1">>/var/spool/cron/root
    fi
}
#update yum info
function update_yum(){
    wget -q -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo
    wget -q -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo
}
#change profile file info
function change_profile(){
    grep "PS1" /etc/profile >>/dev/null 2>&1
    if [ $? -ne 0 ]
    then
        echo  "PS1='\[\e[32;1m\][\u@\h \W]\\$ \[\e[0m\]'" >>/etc/profile
    fi
    grep "alias grep" /etc/profile >>/dev/null 2>&1
    if [ $? -ne 0 ]
    then
    echo "alias grep='grep --color=auto'" >>/etc/profile
    echo "alias ll='ls -l --color=auto --time-style=long-iso'" >>/etc/profile
    fi
    source /etc/profile
}
function main(){
    change_dir
    change_hostname
    change_chkconfig "crond|network|rsyslog|sshd|sysstat"
    change_ulimit
    change_sysctl
    change_sshdfile
    change_selinux
    change_firewall
    change_update
    update_yum
    change_profile
}
main
action "system optimize complete" /bin/true

2.1 架构优化脚本内容

适用于 #centos6.x 系统

2.1.1 更改yum源

mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo

2.1.2 关闭selinux

sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g'  /etc/selinux/config
grep SELINUX=disabled /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0
getenforce

2.1.3 关闭关防火墙

/etc/init.d/iptables stop
/etc/init.d/iptables stop
chkconfig iptables off

2.1.4 精简开机自启动服务

chkconfig |egrep -v "sshd|network|crond|rsyslog|sysstat"|awk '{print "chkconfig",$1,"off"}'|bash
export LANG=en
chkconfig --list|grep 3:on

2.1.5 提权oldboy可以sudo（可选）

useradd oldboy
\cp /etc/sudoers /etc/sudoers.ori
echo "oldboy ALL=(ALL)  NOPASSWD: ALL" >>/etc/sudoers
tail -1 /etc/sudoers
visudo -c

2.1.6 中文字符集（不用做）

cp /etc/sysconfig/i18n /etc/sysconfig/i18n.ori
echo 'LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"' >/etc/sysconfig/i18n
source /etc/sysconfig/i18n
echo $LANG

2.1.7 时间同步

echo '#time sync by hzs at 2017-10-05' >>/var/spool/cron/root
echo '*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com >/dev/null  2>&1 '>>/var/spool/cron/root
crontab -l

2.1.8 命令行安全（千万别做）

#echo 'export TMOUT=300' >>/etc/profile
#echo 'export HISTSIZE=5' >>/etc/profile
#echo 'export HISTFILESIZE=5' >>/etc/profile
#tail -3 /etc/profile
#./etc/profile

2.1.9 加大文件描述符

echo '*        -    nofile     65535 '>>/etc/security/limits.conf
tail -1 /etc/security/limits.conf

2.1.10 内核优化

cat >>/etc/sysctl.conf<<EOF
##youhua
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 4000 65000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
net.ipv4.route.gc_timeout = 100
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1
net.core.somaxconn = 16384
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
##iptables  youhua
net.nf_conntrack_max = 25000000
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 25000000
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established = 180
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_time_wait = 120
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close_wait = 60
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_fin_wait = 120
EOF

#修改内核后让内核配置文件中的参数生效

sysctl -p

2.1.11 安装一些软件

yum install lrzsz namp tree  dos2unix nc -y

2.1.12 系统升级操作（暂不使用）

#yum update 或  yum upgrade
#yum -y update   #升级所有包，改变软件设置和系统设置，系统版本内核都升级
#yum -y ipgrade  #升级所有包，不改变系统设置和软件设置，系统版本升级，内核不变

2.2 模板机主机hosts文件配置

cat >/etc/hosts<<EOF
127.0.0.1     localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1           localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
172.16.1.5    lb01
172.16.1.6    lb02
172.16.1.7    web02
172.16.1.8    web01
172.16.1.9    web03
172.16.1.51   db01 db01.etiantian.org
172.16.1.31   nfs01
172.16.1.41   backup
172.16.1.61   m01
EOF

3、虚拟机克隆

3.1 克隆前准备

一清空，两删除
清空网络配置文件

>/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

echo ‘>/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules’ >>/etc/rc.local

删除网卡配置文件中的uuid和HWADDR

sed -ri '/HWADDR|UUID/d' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth[01]

3.2 进行克隆

模板机关机

shutdown -h now

3.2.1 保留快照

3.3 进行克隆

3.3.1 进行克隆

3.3.2 创建连接克隆

3.4 克隆主机配置

1. 利用给的脚本进行修改
   02. 手动进行修改

   hostname backup
   sed -i "s#oldboy40#backup#g" /etc/sysconfig/network
   grep "backup" /etc/sysconfig/network
   HOSTNAME=backup
   grep "backup" /etc/hosts
   172.16.1.41     backup

   3.4.1 手动修改网卡地址

   sed -i 's#200#41#g'  /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth[01]

   3.4.2 修改系统主机名称

   hostname backup
   sed -i  's#znix#backup#g' /etc/sysconfig/network
   修改hosts文件

   3.4.3 重启网卡生效

   /etc/init.d/network restart

   3.4.4 重新建立xsheel标签进行连接

   第一台克隆主机完成

   3.5 虚拟主机快照

   模板机初始化完成进行拍照留念
   存储空间足够，快照要多保存。，

   3.6 错误排查

   3.6.1 网卡配置问题

   a 两删除操作完成之后，不要再进行setup修改网卡操作，否则mac地址信息会再次出现
   b setup命令无法设置网卡信息，主要和字符集设置有关

   3.7 如何让setup 命令中防火墙配置生效

   3.7.1 CentOS系统找不到setup命令工具的解决方法

   ```shell yum -y install setuptool

   安装setup命令工具

yum -y install ntsysv

安装setup工具配套的系统服务组件

yum -y install system-config-securitylevel-tui

安装setup工具配套的防火墙配置组件

yum -y install system-config-network-tui

安装setup工具配套的网络配置组件

yum -y install authconfig-gtk

安装setup工具配套的验证配置组件

yum -y install system-config-keyboard

安装setup工具配套的键盘配置组件

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### 3.7.2 使用setup配置中的Firewall configuration出现的错误
```shell
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/system-config-firewall-tui", line 29, in <module>
    import fw_tui
  File "/usr/share/system-config-firewall/fw_tui.py", line 34, in <module>
    import fw_nm
  File "/usr/share/system-config-firewall/fw_nm.py", line 30, in <module>
    bus = dbus.SystemBus()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/dbus/_dbus.py", line 202, in __new__    private=private)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/dbus/_dbus.py", line 108, in __new__
    bus = BusConnection.__new__(subclass, bus_type, mainloop=mainloop)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/dbus/bus.py", line 125, in __new__
    bus = cls._new_for_bus(address_or_type, mainloop=mainloop)
dbus.exceptions.DBusException: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.FileNotFound: Failed to connect to socket /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket: No such file or directory

3.7.3 解决办法
yum install -y system-config-firewall system-config-firewall-tui dbus eggdbus && service messagebus start