Hadoop HBase 集群搭建 - 图1

1. 环境准备

说明：本次集群搭建使用系统版本Centos 7.5 ，软件版本 V3.1.1。

1.1 配置说明

本次集群搭建共三台机器，具体说明下:

主机名 IP 说明
hadoop01 10.0.0.10 DataNode、NodeManager、NameNode
hadoop02 10.0.0.11 DataNode、NodeManager、ResourceManager、SecondaryNameNode
hadoop03 10.0.0.12 DataNode、NodeManager

1.2 机器配置说明

  1. [clsn@hadoop01 /home/clsn]
  2. $cat  /etc/redhat-release
  3. CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)
  5. [clsn@hadoop01 /home/clsn]
  6. $uname  -r
  7. 3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
  9. [clsn@hadoop01 /home/clsn]
  10. $sestatus
  11. SELinux status:                 disabled
  13. [clsn@hadoop01 /home/clsn]
  14. $systemctl  status  firewalld.service
  15. ● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
  16.    Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
  17.    Active: inactive (dead)
  18.      Docs: man:firewalld(1)
  20. [clsn@hadoop01 /home/clsn]
  21. $id clsn
  22. uid=1000(clsn) gid=1000(clsn) 组=1000(clsn)
  24. [clsn@hadoop01 /home/clsn]
  25. $cat  /etc/hosts
  26. 127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
  27. ::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
  28. 10.0.0.10   hadoop01
  29. 10.0.0.11   hadoop02
  30. 10.0.0.12   hadoop03

注：本集群内所有进程均由clsn用户启动

1.3 ssh互信配置

  1. ssh-keygen
  2. ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub  127.0.0.1
  3. scp -rp ~/.ssh hadoop02:/home/clsn
  4. scp -rp ~/.ssh hadoop03:/home/clsn

1.4 配置jdk

在三台机器上都需要操作

  1. tar xf jdk-8u191-linux-x64.tar.gz -C  /usr/local/
  2. ln -s /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_191 /usr/local/jdk
  3. sed -i.ori '$a export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk\nexport PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin:$PATH\nexport CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar' /etc/profile
  4. . /etc/profile

2. 安装hadoop

2.1 安装包下载（Binary）

  1. wget http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/hadoop/common/hadoop-3.1.1/hadoop-3.1.1.tar.gz

2.2 安装

  1. tar xf hadoop-3.1.1.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
  2. ln -s /usr/local/hadoop-3.1.1  /usr/local/hadoop
  3. sudo  chown  -R clsn.clsn /usr/local/hadoop-3.1.1/

3.修改hadoop配置

配置文件全部位于 /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop 文件夹下

3.1 hadoop-env.sh

  1. [clsn@hadoop01 /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop]
  2. $ head hadoop-env.sh
  3. .  /etc/profile
  4. #
  5. # Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
  6. # or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
  7. # distributed with this work for additional information
  8. # regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
  9. # to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
  10. # "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
  11. # with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

3.2 core-site.xml

  1. [clsn@hadoop01 /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop]
  2. $ cat core-site.xml
  3. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  4. <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
  6. <!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->
  8. <configuration>
  9.     <!-- 指定HDFS老大（namenode）的通信地址 -->
  10.     <property>
  11.         <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
  12.         <value>hdfs://hadoop01:9000</value>
  13.     </property>
  14.     <!-- 指定hadoop运行时产生文件的存储路径 -->
  15.     <property>
  16.         <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
  17.         <value>/data/tmp</value>
  18.     </property>
  19. </configuration>

3.3 hdfs-site.xml

  1. [clsn@hadoop01 /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop]
  2. $ cat hdfs-site.xml
  3. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  4. <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
  6. <!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->
  8. <configuration>
  9.     <!-- 设置namenode的http通讯地址 -->
  10.     <property>
  11.         <name>dfs.namenode.http-address</name>
  12.         <value>hadoop01:50070</value>
  13.     </property>
  15.     <!-- 设置secondarynamenode的http通讯地址 -->
  16.     <property>
  17.         <name>dfs.namenode.secondary.http-address</name>
  18.         <value>hadoop02:50090</value>
  19.     </property>
  21.     <!-- 设置namenode存放的路径 -->
  22.     <property>
  23.         <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
  24.         <value>/data/name</value>
  25.     </property>
  27.     <!-- 设置hdfs副本数量 -->
  28.     <property>
  29.         <name>dfs.replication</name>
  30.         <value>2</value>
  31.     </property>
  32.     <!-- 设置datanode存放的路径 -->
  33.     <property>
  34.         <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
  35.         <value>/data/datanode</value>
  36.     </property>
  38.     <property>
  39.         <name>dfs.permissions</name>
  40.         <value>false</value>
  41.     </property>
  43. </configuration>

3.4 mapred-site.xml

  1. [clsn@hadoop01 /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop]
  2. $ cat mapred-site.xml
  3. <?xml version="1.0"?>
  4. <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
  5. <!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->
  7. <configuration>
  8.     <!-- 通知框架MR使用YARN -->
  9.     <property>
  10.         <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
  11.         <value>yarn</value>
  12.     </property>
  13.     <property>
  14.         <name>mapreduce.application.classpath</name>
  15.         <value>
  16.         /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop,
  17.         /usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/*,
  18.         /usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/*,
  19.         /usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/hdfs/*,
  20.         /usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/*,
  21.         /usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/*,
  22.         /usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/*,
  23.         /usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/*,
  24.         /usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/*
  25.         </value>
  26.     </property>
  28. </configuration>

3.5 yarn-site.xml

  1. [clsn@hadoop01 /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop]
  2. $ cat yarn-site.xml
  3. <?xml version="1.0"?>
  5. <configuration>
  6.     <property>
  7.         <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname</name>
  8.         <value>hadoop02</value>
  9.     </property>
  11.     <property>
  12.         <description>The http address of the RM web application.</description>
  13.         <name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address</name>
  14.         <value>${yarn.resourcemanager.hostname}:8088</value>
  15.     </property>
  17.     <property>
  18.         <description>The address of the applications manager interface in the RM.</description>
  19.         <name>yarn.resourcemanager.address</name>
  20.         <value>${yarn.resourcemanager.hostname}:8032</value>
  21.     </property>
  23.     <property>
  24.         <description>The address of the scheduler interface.</description>
  25.         <name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.address</name>
  26.         <value>${yarn.resourcemanager.hostname}:8030</value>
  27.     </property>
  29.     <property>
  30.         <name>yarn.resourcemanager.resource-tracker.address</name>
  31.         <value>${yarn.resourcemanager.hostname}:8031</value>
  32.     </property>
  34.     <property>
  35.         <description>The address of the RM admin interface.</description>
  36.         <name>yarn.resourcemanager.admin.address</name>
  37.         <value>${yarn.resourcemanager.hostname}:8033</value>
  38.     </property>
  40. </configuration>

3.6 masters & slaves

  1. echo 'hadoop02' >> /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/masters
  2. echo 'hadoop03
  3. hadoop01'  >> /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/slaves

3.7 启动脚本修改

启动脚本文件全部位于 /usr/local/hadoop/sbin 文件夹下：
（1）修改 start-dfs.sh stop-dfs.sh 文件添加：

  1. HDFS_DATANODE_USER=clsn
  2. HADOOP_SECURE_DN_USER=hdfs
  3. HDFS_NAMENODE_USER=clsn
  4. HDFS_SECONDARYNAMENODE_USER=clsn

（2）修改start-yarn.sh 和 stop-yarn.sh文件添加：

  1. YARN_RESOURCEMANAGER_USER=clsn
  2. HADOOP_SECURE_DN_USER=yarn
  3. YARN_NODEMANAGER_USER=clsn

4. 启动前准备

4.1 创建文件目录

  1. mkdir -p /data/tmp
  2. mkdir -p /data/name
  3. mkdir -p /data/datanode
  4. chown -R clsn.clsn /data

在集群内所有机器上都进行创建，也可以复制文件夹

  1. for i in hadoop02 hadoop03
  2.     do 
  3.         sudo scp -rp /data $i:/
  4. done

4.2 复制hadoop配置到其他机器

  1. for i in hadoop02 hadoop03
  2.     do 
  3.         sudo scp -rp  /usr/local/hadoop-3.1.1 $i:/usr/local/
  4. done

4.3 启动hadoop集群

(1)第一次启动前需要格式化

  1. /usr/local/hadoop/bin/hdfs namenode -format

(2)启动集群

  1. cd /usr/local/hadoop/sbin 
  2. ./start-all.sh

5.集群启动成功

（1）使用jps查看集群中各个角色，是否与预期相一致

  1. [clsn@hadoop01 /home/clsn]
  2. $ pssh  -ih  cluster  "`which jps`"
  3. [1] 11:30:31 [SUCCESS] hadoop03
  4. 7947 DataNode
  5. 8875 Jps
  6. 8383 NodeManager
  7. [2] 11:30:31 [SUCCESS] hadoop01
  8. 20193 DataNode
  9. 20665 NodeManager
  10. 21017 NameNode
  11. 22206 Jps
  12. [3] 11:30:31 [SUCCESS] hadoop02
  13. 8896 DataNode
  14. 9427 NodeManager
  15. 10883 Jps
  16. 9304 ResourceManager
  17. 10367 SecondaryNameNode

（2）浏览器访问http://hadoop02:8088/cluster/nodes
该页面为ResourceManager 管理界面，在上面可以看到集群中的三台Active Nodes。
Hadoop HBase 集群搭建 - 图2
(3) 浏览器访问http://hadoop01:50070/dfshealth.html#tab-datanode
该页面为NameNode管理页面
Hadoop HBase 集群搭建 - 图3

6.Hbase配置

Hadoop HBase 集群搭建 - 图4

6.1 部署Hbase包

  1. cd /opt/
  2. wget  http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/hbase/1.4.9/hbase-1.4.9-bin.tar.gz
  3. tar xf  hbase-1.4.9-bin.tar.gz -C  /usr/local/
  4. ln -s /usr/local/hbase-1.4.9 /usr/local/hbase

6.2 修改配置文件

6.2.1 hbase-env.sh

  1. # 添加一行
  2. . /etc/profile

6.2.2 hbase-site.xml

  1. [clsn@hadoop01 /usr/local/hbase/conf]
  2. $ cat  hbase-site.xml
  3. <?xml version="1.0"?>
  4. <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
  6. <configuration>
  7. <property>
  8.     <name>hbase.rootdir</name>
  9.     <!-- hbase存放数据目录 -->
  10.     <value>hdfs://hadoop01:9000/hbase/hbase_db</value>
  11.     <!-- 端口要和Hadoop的fs.defaultFS端口一致-->
  12. </property>
  13. <property>
  14.     <name>hbase.cluster.distributed</name> 
  15.     <!-- 是否分布式部署 -->
  16.     <value>true</value>
  17. </property>
  18. <property>
  19.     <name>hbase.zookeeper.quorum</name>
  20.     <!-- zookooper 服务启动的节点，只能为奇数个 -->
  21.     <value>hadoop01,hadoop02,hadoop03</value>
  22. </property>
  23. <property>
  24.     <!--zookooper配置、日志等的存储位置，必须为以存在 -->
  25.     <name>hbase.zookeeper.property.dataDir</name>
  26.     <value>/data/hbase/zookeeper</value>
  27. </property>
  28. <property>
  29.     <!--hbase web 端口 -->
  30.     <name>hbase.master.info.port</name>
  31.     <value>16610</value>
  32. </property>
  33. </configuration>

注意:
> zookeeper有这样一个特性：

集群中只要有过半的机器是正常工作的，那么整个集群对外就是可用的。

也就是说如果有2个zookeeper，那么只要有1个死了zookeeper就不能用了，因为1没有过半，所以2个zookeeper的死亡容忍度为0；

同理，要是有3个zookeeper，一个死了，还剩下2个正常的，过半了，所以3个zookeeper的容忍度为1；

再多列举几个：2->0 ; 3->1 ; 4->1 ; 5->2 ; 6->2 会发现一个规律，2n和2n-1的容忍度是一样的，都是n-1，所以为了更加高效，何必增加那一个不必要的zookeeper

6.2.3 regionservers

  1. [clsn@hadoop01 /usr/local/hbase/conf]
  2. $ cat regionservers
  3. hadoop01
  4. hadoop02
  5. hadoop03

6.2.4 分发配置到其他节点

  1. for i in hadoop02 hadoop03
  2.     do 
  3.         sudo scp -rp  /usr/local/hbase-1.4.9 $i:/usr/local/
  4. done

6.3 启动hbase集群

6.3.1 启动hbase

  1. [clsn@hadoop01 /usr/local/hbase/bin]
  2. $ sudo  ./start-hbase.sh
  3. hadoop03: running zookeeper, logging to /usr/local/hbase-1.4.9/bin/../logs/hbase-root-zookeeper-hadoop03.out
  4. hadoop02: running zookeeper, logging to /usr/local/hbase-1.4.9/bin/../logs/hbase-root-zookeeper-hadoop02.out
  5. hadoop01: running zookeeper, logging to /usr/local/hbase-1.4.9/bin/../logs/hbase-root-zookeeper-hadoop01.out
  6. running master, logging to /usr/local/hbase-1.4.9/bin/../logs/hbase-root-master-hadoop01.out
  7. hadoop02: running regionserver, logging to /usr/local/hbase-1.4.9/bin/../logs/hbase-root-regionserver-hadoop02.out
  8. hadoop03: running regionserver, logging to /usr/local/hbase-1.4.9/bin/../logs/hbase-root-regionserver-hadoop03.out
  9. hadoop01: running regionserver, logging to /usr/local/hbase-1.4.9/bin/../logs/hbase-root-regionserver-hadoop01.out

访问 http://hadoop01:16610/master-status 查看hbase状态
Hadoop HBase 集群搭建 - 图5

6.3.2 启动hbase 客户端

  1. [clsn@hadoop01 /usr/local/hbase/bin]
  2. $ ./hbase shell  #启动hbase客户端
  3. SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
  4. SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/usr/local/hbase-1.4.9/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
  5. SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/usr/local/hadoop-3.1.1/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.25.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
  6. SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
  7. SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.slf4j.impl.Log4jLoggerFactory]
  8. HBase Shell
  9. Use "help" to get list of supported commands.
  10. Use "exit" to quit this interactive shell.
  11. Version 1.4.9, rd625b212e46d01cb17db9ac2e9e927fdb201afa1, Wed Dec  5 11:54:10 PST 2018
  13. hbase(main):001:0> create 'clsn','cf'   #创建一个clsn表，一个cf 列簇
  14. 0 row(s) in 7.8790 seconds
  16. => Hbase::Table - clsn    
  18. hbase(main):003:0> list    #查看hbase 所有表
  19. TABLE
  20. clsn
  21. 1 row(s) in 0.0860 seconds
  23. => ["clsn"]
  24. hbase(main):004:0> put 'clsn','1000000000','cf:name','clsn'    #put一条记录到表clsn，rowkey 为 1000000000，放到 name列上
  25. 0 row(s) in 0.3390 seconds
  27. hbase(main):005:0> put 'clsn','1000000000','cf:sex','male'    #put一条记录到表clsn，rowkey 为 1000000000，放到sex列上
  28. 0 row(s) in 0.0300 seconds
  30. hbase(main):006:0> put 'clsn','1000000000','cf:age','24'     #put一条记录到表clsn，rowkey 为 1000000000，放到age列上
  31. 0 row(s) in 0.0290 seconds
  33. hbase(main):007:0> count  'clsn'     
  34. 1 row(s) in 0.2100 seconds
  36. => 1
  37. hbase(main):008:0>  get 'clsn','cf'
  38. COLUMN                        CELL
  39. 0 row(s) in 0.1050 seconds
  41. hbase(main):009:0> get 'clsn','1000000000'      #获取数据
  42. COLUMN                        CELL
  43.  cf:age                       timestamp=1545710530665, value=24
  44.  cf:name                      timestamp=1545710495871, value=clsn
  45.  cf:sex                       timestamp=1545710509333, value=male
  46. 1 row(s) in 0.0830 seconds
  48. hbase(main):010:0> list
  49. TABLE
  50. clsn
  51. 1 row(s) in 0.0240 seconds
  53. => ["clsn"]
  54. hbase(main):011:0> drop  clsn
  55. NameError: undefined local variable or method `clsn' for #<Object:0x6f731759>
  57. hbase(main):012:0> drop  'clsn'
  59. ERROR: Table clsn is enabled. Disable it first.
  61. Here is some help for this command:
  62. Drop the named table. Table must first be disabled:
  63.   hbase> drop 't1'
  64.   hbase> drop 'ns1:t1'
  67. hbase(main):013:0> list
  68. TABLE
  69. clsn
  70. 1 row(s) in 0.0330 seconds
  72. => ["clsn"]
  74. hbase(main):015:0> disable 'clsn'
  75. 0 row(s) in 2.4710 seconds
  77. hbase(main):016:0> list
  78. TABLE
  79. clsn
  80. 1 row(s) in 0.0210 seconds
  82. => ["clsn"]

7. 参考文献

https://hadoop.apache.org/releases.html https://my.oschina.net/orrin/blog/1816023

https://www.yiibai.com/hadoop/

http://blog.fens.me/hadoop-family-roadmap/

http://www.cnblogs.com/Springmoon-venn/p/9054006.html

https://github.com/googlehosts/hosts

http://abloz.com/hbase/book.html