PROFESSOR CHARLES - THE FIVE CATEGORIES OF WRITING
以下是KooSchool的金牌外教Charles H老师和她的学生Emily2020年1月份的一趟写作课的实况录像。大家可以通过视频了解我们的上课模式。
本节课中，Charles H主要介绍了英文的5大文体写作特色。
- Expository writing
This kind of writing explains things and includes essays, journalism, articles, instructions, recipes, textbooks, wikipedia, and dictionary entries.
A project of this kind will usually begin by introducing the topic and then convey key information and ideas in a clear and logical way.
Normally it will include a variety of specific and relevant details, in the form of facts, examples, quotations, and anecdotes.
Ideas and information should be organised using techniques like compare/contrast, cause/effect, definition, and classification.
It uses precise language, vocabulary appropriate to the topic, and follows the conventions of standard English using a formal style and tone.
Generally ends with a conclusion that summarizes the main points and follows logically from the information presented.
- 说明文文体
说明文写作可以解释事物，包括新闻，文章，说明，食谱，教科书，维基百科和字典条目。
此类项目通常从介绍主题开始，然后以清晰，合乎逻辑的方式传达关键信息和想法。
通常，它将以事实，示例，引用和轶事的形式介绍各种特定和相关的细节。
想法和信息一般应通过比较/对比，因果/结果，定义和解释等等方式进行组织。
这种文章一般要使用适合该主题的精确的语言和词汇，并遵循使用正式的英文行文规范使用正式的文体和注解方式。
通常，文章的结论都是总结要点，并从文章中提供的一般信息中得出一个合乎逻辑的结论。
PROFESSOR CHARLES - THE FIVE CATEGORIES OF WRITING
- Descriptive writing.
This kind of writing describes things, and includes reviews of books, restaurants, films, plays, and art exhibitions, historical, geographical, and travel writing.
Often forming an important part of another piece of writing, it explains how a place, person, event, or experience, looked, felt, tasted, smelled, or sounded.
It uses words, phrases, and imagery, that brings the subject to life in the reader’s mind and often uses clever literary devices.
These include metaphors, which suggests that two unlike things ARE the same thing.
Similes, which demonstrate how two apparently different things are LIKE each other.
And personification, where an inanimate object EMBODIES human qualities.
PROFESSOR CHARLES - THE FIVE CATEGORIES OF WRITING
- Narrative writing.
This kind of writing tells a story and includes novels, short stories, comic books, plays, musicals, and narrative poetry.
Good narrative writing will usually feature characters, conflicts and plot events.
To work properly, it will need a shape called a story arc with an introduction, a climax and a resolution.
The plot will need to be carefully planned to help the story communicate in the most effective way.
The story, taken as a whole, will often deliver a moral point, make a social comment, or provide a warning.
Narrative writing will contain drama, or melodrama as well as elements of comedy or tragedy, and creative writing.
PROFESSOR CHARLES - THE FIVE CATEGORIES OF WRITING
- Persuasive writing.
This kind of writing puts forward a point of view, and includes advertising, marketing, rhetoric, arguments, polemics, and essays and articles intended to influence opinion.
The main purpose of this writing style is to persuade the reader to believe something, to do something, or to change their mind.
Persuasive writing is a common part of modern communication, especially online, and is all around us on billboards, in newspapers, and on television.
It is useful for students to learn to understand this kind of writing, not just so they can produce it themselves.
But also so they recognise persuasive writing when it appears disguised as something else.
PROFESSOR CHARLES - THE FIVE CATEGORIES OF WRITING
- Creative writing.
This kind of writing is usually done for purely artistic reasons, and includes poetry, theatre plays, movies and television scripts, novels and short stories, song lyrics, and memoirs.
A piece of creative writing will often contain elements of the other four categories of writing, for example a storyline, descriptions, plot, or a historical setting.
The definition of creative text has no practical function beyond itself, and obeys no rules, making it almost impossible to say when a piece of text is ‘right’ or ‘wrong’.
That’s what makes this kind of writing project so exciting and challenging.
Because, despite the lack of rules, most readers instinctively know when it’s good - and when it’s not!
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