image 镜像

命令：docker image 镜像管理命令

Usage: docker image COMMAND

PS C:\Users\DELL> docker image --help
Usage:  docker image COMMAND
Commands:
  build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
  history     Show the history of an image
  import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
  inspect     Display detailed information on one or more images
  load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
  ls          List images
  prune       Remove unused images
  pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry
  push        Push an image or a repository to a registry
  rm          Remove one or more images
  save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
  tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
Run 'docker image COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

例子：管理命令举例

Usage: docker image ls [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]

PS C:\Users\DELL> docker image ls --help
Usage:  docker image ls [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
List images
Aliases:
  ls, list
Options:
  -a, --all             Show all images (default hides intermediate images)
      --digests         Show digests
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print images using a Go template
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
  -q, --quiet           Only show image IDs
PS C:\Users\DELL> docker image ls -a
REPOSITORY               TAG            IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
minio/minio              latest         f55b2545c435   2 days ago     191MB
iredmail/mariadb         stable         e4899534d71b   3 weeks ago    761MB
docker/getting-started   latest         3ba8f2ff0727   2 months ago   27.9MB
lejmr/iredmail           mysql-latest   f719a06cbe14   9 months ago   861MB
PS C:\Users\DELL>

命令使用

image 镜像

查看镜像列表 docker images

Usage: docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]

PS C:\Users\DELL> docker images --help
Usage:  docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
List images
Options:
  -a, --all             Show all images (default hides intermediate images)
      --digests         Show digests
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print images using a Go template
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
  -q, --quiet           Only show image IDs
PS C:\Users\DELL> docker images
REPOSITORY               TAG            IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
minio/minio              latest         f55b2545c435   2 days ago     191MB
iredmail/mariadb         stable         e4899534d71b   3 weeks ago    761MB
docker/getting-started   latest         3ba8f2ff0727   2 months ago   27.9MB
lejmr/iredmail           mysql-latest   f719a06cbe14   9 months ago   861MB
PS C:\Users\DELL>

拉取镜像 docker pull

Usage: docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]

PS C:\Users\DELL> docker pull --help
Usage:  docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]
Pull an image or a repository from a registry
Options:
  -a, --all-tags                Download all tagged images in the repository
      --disable-content-trust   Skip image verification (default true)
      --platform string         Set platform if server is multi-platform
                                capable
  -q, --quiet                   Suppress verbose output
PS C:\Users\DELL> docker image pull --help
Usage:  docker image pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]
Pull an image or a repository from a registry
Options:
  -a, --all-tags                Download all tagged images in the repository
      --disable-content-trust   Skip image verification (default true)
      --platform string         Set platform if server is multi-platform
                                capable
  -q, --quiet                   Suppress verbose output
PS C:\Users\DELL>

例子 docker pull

PS C:\Users\DELL> docker pull httpd
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/httpd
69692152171a: Pull complete
7284b4e0cc7b: Pull complete
3678b2d55ccd: Pull complete
ab492cf0b2a4: Pull complete
991f7f97a9d8: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:e4c2b93c04762468a6cce6d507d94def02ef4dc285278d0d926e09827f4857db
Status: Downloaded newer image for httpd:latest
docker.io/library/httpd:latest
PS C:\Users\DELL>

默认拉取最新的tag latest

查询镜像 docker search

Usage: docker search [OPTIONS] TERM

PS C:\Users\DELL> docker search --help
Usage:  docker search [OPTIONS] TERM
Search the Docker Hub for images
Options:
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print search using a Go template
      --limit int       Max number of search results (default 25)
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
PS C:\Users\DELL> docker search redis
NAME                             DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
redis                            Redis is an open source key-value store that…   9446      [OK]
bitnami/redis                    Bitnami Redis Docker Image                      180                  [OK]
sameersbn/redis                                                                  83                   [OK]
grokzen/redis-cluster            Redis cluster 3.0, 3.2, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 6.2      78
rediscommander/redis-commander   Alpine image for redis-commander - Redis man…   58                   [OK]
redislabs/redisearch             Redis With the RedisSearch module pre-loaded…   34
redislabs/redisinsight           RedisInsight - The GUI for Redis                30
redislabs/redis                  Clustered in-memory database engine compatib…   30
oliver006/redis_exporter          Prometheus Exporter for Redis Metrics. Supp…   25
redislabs/rejson                 RedisJSON - Enhanced JSON data type processi…   23
arm32v7/redis                    Redis is an open source key-value store that…   23
bitnami/redis-sentinel           Bitnami Docker Image for Redis Sentinel         22                   [OK]
redislabs/redisgraph             A graph database module for Redis               15                   [OK]
arm64v8/redis                    Redis is an open source key-value store that…   12
redislabs/redismod               An automated build of redismod - latest Redi…   12                   [OK]
webhippie/redis                  Docker images for Redis                         11                   [OK]
insready/redis-stat              Docker image for the real-time Redis monitor…   10                   [OK]
s7anley/redis-sentinel-docker    Redis Sentinel                                  10                   [OK]
goodsmileduck/redis-cli          redis-cli on alpine                             9                    [OK]
circleci/redis                   CircleCI images for Redis                       7                    [OK]
centos/redis-32-centos7          Redis in-memory data structure store, used a…   5
clearlinux/redis                 Redis key-value data structure server with t…   3
wodby/redis                      Redis container image with orchestration        1                    [OK]
tiredofit/redis                  Redis Server w/ Zabbix monitoring and S6 Ove…   1                    [OK]
xetamus/redis-resource           forked redis-resource                           0                    [OK]
PS C:\Users\DELL>

NAME: 镜像仓库源的名称
DESCRIPTION: 镜像的描述
OFFICIAL: 是否 docker 官方发布
stars: 类似 Github 里面的 star，表示点赞、喜欢的意思。
AUTOMATED: 自动构建。

删除镜像 docker rmi

Usage: docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE…]

PS C:\Users\DELL> docker rmi --help
Usage:  docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
Remove one or more images
Options:
  -f, --force      Force removal of the image
      --no-prune   Do not delete untagged parents
PS C:\Users\DELL> docker images
REPOSITORY               TAG            IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
minio/minio              latest         f55b2545c435   2 days ago     191MB
redis                    latest         bc8d70f9ef6c   5 days ago     105MB
httpd                    latest         f3cffeea581b   5 days ago     138MB
iredmail/mariadb         stable         e4899534d71b   3 weeks ago    761MB
docker/getting-started   latest         3ba8f2ff0727   2 months ago   27.9MB
lejmr/iredmail           mysql-latest   f719a06cbe14   9 months ago   861MB
PS C:\Users\DELL> docker rmi httpd:latest
Untagged: httpd:latest
Untagged: httpd@sha256:e4c2b93c04762468a6cce6d507d94def02ef4dc285278d0d926e09827f4857db
Deleted: sha256:f3cffeea581b3306a13d80b25a437f73f767b8f27afdb29393b3764b9dfaea69
Deleted: sha256:887d0217b7251e4d5ad46486c19c5e2c82ae8aa6d53c3ffb729f032028a5f1c9
Deleted: sha256:e04f6a8ae4f2939d3b73fd06085169c625486a81d3823fba3fdad029b2017347
Deleted: sha256:85643304b5484a30ffe669196e71d6b763661800e12beb7ff131615040906adb
Deleted: sha256:7524155083fa19d15b8902105916a8da484d1ff5d362d3530d871511c1f13f2a
PS C:\Users\DELL>

更新 update、构建 build、提交 commit、发布 push 镜像

参考：https://www.runoob.com/docker/docker-image-usage.html

创建镜像
当我们从 docker 镜像仓库中下载的镜像不能满足我们的需求时，我们可以通过以下两种方式对镜像进行更改。
1、从已经创建的容器中更新镜像，并且提交这个镜像
2、使用 Dockerfile 指令来创建一个新的镜像
更新镜像
更新镜像之前，我们需要使用镜像来创建一个容器。
runoob@runoob:~$ docker run -t -i ubuntu:15.10 /bin/bash
root@e218edb10161:/# 
在运行的容器内使用 apt-get update 命令进行更新。
在完成操作之后，输入 exit 命令来退出这个容器。
此时 ID 为 e218edb10161 的容器，是按我们的需求更改的容器。我们可以通过命令 docker commit 来提交容器副本。
runoob@runoob:~$ docker commit -m="has update" -a="runoob" e218edb10161 runoob/ubuntu:v2
sha256:70bf1840fd7c0d2d8ef0a42a817eb29f854c1af8f7c59fc03ac7bdee9545aff8
各个参数说明：
-m: 提交的描述信息
-a: 指定镜像作者
e218edb10161：容器 ID
runoob/ubuntu:v2: 指定要创建的目标镜像名
我们可以使用 docker images 命令来查看我们的新镜像 runoob/ubuntu:v2：
runoob@runoob:~$ docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
runoob/ubuntu       v2                  70bf1840fd7c        15 seconds ago      158.5 MB
ubuntu              14.04               90d5884b1ee0        5 days ago          188 MB
php                 5.6                 f40e9e0f10c8        9 days ago          444.8 MB
nginx               latest              6f8d099c3adc        12 days ago         182.7 MB
mysql               5.6                 f2e8d6c772c0        3 weeks ago         324.6 MB
httpd               latest              02ef73cf1bc0        3 weeks ago         194.4 MB
ubuntu              15.10               4e3b13c8a266        4 weeks ago         136.3 MB
hello-world         latest              690ed74de00f        6 months ago        960 B
training/webapp     latest              6fae60ef3446        12 months ago       348.8 MB
使用我们的新镜像 runoob/ubuntu 来启动一个容器
runoob@runoob:~$ docker run -t -i runoob/ubuntu:v2 /bin/bash                            
root@1a9fbdeb5da3:/#
构建镜像
我们使用命令 docker build ， 从零开始来创建一个新的镜像。为此，我们需要创建一个 Dockerfile 文件，其中包含一组指令来告诉 Docker 如何构建我们的镜像。
runoob@runoob:~$ cat Dockerfile 
FROM    centos:6.7
MAINTAINER      Fisher "fisher@sudops.com"
RUN     /bin/echo 'root:123456' |chpasswd
RUN     useradd runoob
RUN     /bin/echo 'runoob:123456' |chpasswd
RUN     /bin/echo -e "LANG=\"en_US.UTF-8\"" >/etc/default/local
EXPOSE  22
EXPOSE  80
CMD     /usr/sbin/sshd -D
每一个指令都会在镜像上创建一个新的层，每一个指令的前缀都必须是大写的。
第一条FROM，指定使用哪个镜像源
RUN 指令告诉docker 在镜像内执行命令，安装了什么。。。
然后，我们使用 Dockerfile 文件，通过 docker build 命令来构建一个镜像。
runoob@runoob:~$ docker build -t runoob/centos:6.7 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 17.92 kB
Step 1 : FROM centos:6.7
 ---&gt; d95b5ca17cc3
Step 2 : MAINTAINER Fisher "fisher@sudops.com"
 ---&gt; Using cache
 ---&gt; 0c92299c6f03
Step 3 : RUN /bin/echo 'root:123456' |chpasswd
 ---&gt; Using cache
 ---&gt; 0397ce2fbd0a
Step 4 : RUN useradd runoob
......
参数说明：
-t ：指定要创建的目标镜像名
. ：Dockerfile 文件所在目录，可以指定Dockerfile 的绝对路径
使用docker images 查看创建的镜像已经在列表中存在,镜像ID为860c279d2fec
runoob@runoob:~$ docker images 
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED              SIZE
runoob/centos       6.7                 860c279d2fec        About a minute ago   190.6 MB
runoob/ubuntu       v2                  70bf1840fd7c        17 hours ago         158.5 MB
ubuntu              14.04               90d5884b1ee0        6 days ago           188 MB
php                 5.6                 f40e9e0f10c8        10 days ago          444.8 MB
nginx               latest              6f8d099c3adc        12 days ago          182.7 MB
mysql               5.6                 f2e8d6c772c0        3 weeks ago          324.6 MB
httpd               latest              02ef73cf1bc0        3 weeks ago          194.4 MB
ubuntu              15.10               4e3b13c8a266        5 weeks ago          136.3 MB
hello-world         latest              690ed74de00f        6 months ago         960 B
centos              6.7                 d95b5ca17cc3        6 months ago         190.6 MB
training/webapp     latest              6fae60ef3446        12 months ago        348.8 MB
我们可以使用新的镜像来创建容器
runoob@runoob:~$ docker run -t -i runoob/centos:6.7  /bin/bash
[root@41c28d18b5fb /]# id runoob
uid=500(runoob) gid=500(runoob) groups=500(runoob)
从上面看到新镜像已经包含我们创建的用户 runoob。

设置镜像 tag

Usage: docker tag SOURCE_IMAGE[:TAG] TARGET_IMAGE[:TAG]

PS C:\Users\DELL> docker tag --help
Usage:  docker tag SOURCE_IMAGE[:TAG] TARGET_IMAGE[:TAG]
Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
PS C:\Users\DELL> docker tag httpd:latest httpd_1:latest_1
PS C:\Users\DELL> docker images
REPOSITORY               TAG            IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
minio/minio              latest         f55b2545c435   2 days ago     191MB
redis                    latest         bc8d70f9ef6c   5 days ago     105MB
httpd                    latest         f3cffeea581b   6 days ago     138MB
httpd_1                  latest_1       f3cffeea581b   6 days ago     138MB
iredmail/mariadb         stable         e4899534d71b   3 weeks ago    761MB
docker/getting-started   latest         3ba8f2ff0727   2 months ago   27.9MB
lejmr/iredmail           mysql-latest   f719a06cbe14   9 months ago   861MB
PS C:\Users\DELL>

开发笔记、心得

docker 使用（之镜像）