本次 Python 版本 2.7.18，Django 1.11.29
参考：Django 的文档 https://yiyibooks.cn/xx/Django_1.11.6/intro/tutorial01.html

安装

pip3 install Django==3.0.6 -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
pip install django

C:\xiaohui\python-u8>pip install django -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python
2.7. More details about Python 2 support in pip, can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
Collecting django
  Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/49/49/178daa8725d29c475216259eb19e90b2aa0b8c0431af8c7e9b490ae6481d/Django-1.11.29-py2.py3-none-any.whl (6.9MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 7.0MB 376kB/s
Collecting pytz (from django)
  Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/d3/e3/d9f046b5d1c94a3aeab15f1f867aa414f8ee9d196fae6865f1d6a0ee1a0b/pytz-2021.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (503kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 512kB 354kB/s
Installing collected packages: pytz, django
Successfully installed django-1.11.29 pytz-2021.3
WARNING: You are using pip version 19.2.3, however version 20.3.4 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.
C:\xiaohui\python-u8>
C:\xiaohui\python-u8>pip list
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python
2.7. More details about Python 2 support in pip, can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support
Package                       Version
----------------------------- -------
astroid                       1.6.6
autopep8                      1.6.0
backports.functools-lru-cache 1.6.4
colorama                      0.4.4
configparser                  4.0.2
Django                        1.11.29
enum34                        1.1.10
futures                       3.3.0
isort                         4.3.21
lazy-object-proxy             1.6.0
mccabe                        0.6.1
pip                           19.2.3
pycodestyle                   2.8.0
pycparser                     2.21
pylint                        1.9.5
pythonnet                     2.5.2
pytz                          2021.3
setuptools                    41.2.0
singledispatch                3.7.0
six                           1.16.0
toml                          0.10.2
wrapt                         1.13.3
WARNING: You are using pip version 19.2.3, however version 20.3.4 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.

检测安装

django-admin

C:\xiaohui\python-u8>django-admin  --version
1.11.29
C:\xiaohui\python-u8>django-admin
Type 'django-admin help <subcommand>' for help on a specific subcommand.
Available subcommands:
[django]
    check
    compilemessages
    createcachetable
    dbshell
    diffsettings
    dumpdata
    flush
    inspectdb
    loaddata
    makemessages
    makemigrations
    migrate
    runserver
    sendtestemail
    shell
    showmigrations
    sqlflush
    sqlmigrate
    sqlsequencereset
    squashmigrations
    startapp
    startproject
    test
    testserver
Note that only Django core commands are listed as settings are not properly configured (error: Requested setting INSTALLED_APPS, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings.).
C:\xiaohui\python-u8>

或者：使用 python -m django —version
C:\xiaohui\python-u8\demo\web\helloworld>django-admin —version
1.11.29

C:\xiaohui\python-u8\demo\web\helloworld>python -m django —version
1.11.29

创建自己的项目

django-admin startproject helloworld

C:\xiaohui\python-u8\demo\web>
# 创建 helloworld 项目
C:\xiaohui\python-u8\demo\web>django-admin startproject helloworld
# 查看目录（其中 __init__.py 是我自己事先建立的，从时间也可以看出来）
C:\xiaohui\python-u8\demo\web>dir
 驱动器 C 中的卷没有标签。
 卷的序列号是 8C93-6835
 C:\xiaohui\python-u8\demo\web 的目录
2022/02/09  14:23    <DIR>          .
2022/02/09  14:23    <DIR>          ..
2022/02/09  14:23    <DIR>          helloworld
2022/02/09  13:49                 0 __init__.py
               1 个文件              0 字节
               3 个目录 11,223,138,304 可用字节
C:\xiaohui\python-u8\demo\web>cd helloworld
C:\xiaohui\python-u8\demo\web\helloworld>dir
 驱动器 C 中的卷没有标签。
 卷的序列号是 8C93-6835
 C:\xiaohui\python-u8\demo\web\helloworld 的目录
2022/02/09  14:23    <DIR>          .
2022/02/09  14:23    <DIR>          ..
2022/02/09  14:23    <DIR>          helloworld
2022/02/09  14:23               830 manage.py
               1 个文件            830 字节
               3 个目录 11,223,138,304 可用字节
C:\xiaohui\python-u8\demo\web\helloworld>cd helloworld
C:\xiaohui\python-u8\demo\web\helloworld\helloworld>dir
 驱动器 C 中的卷没有标签。
 卷的序列号是 8C93-6835
 C:\xiaohui\python-u8\demo\web\helloworld\helloworld 的目录
2022/02/09  14:23    <DIR>          .
2022/02/09  14:23    <DIR>          ..
2022/02/09  14:23             3,229 settings.py
2022/02/09  14:23               788 urls.py
2022/02/09  14:23               414 wsgi.py
2022/02/09  14:23                 0 __init__.py
               4 个文件          4,431 字节
               2 个目录 11,223,134,208 可用字节
C:\xiaohui\python-u8\demo\web\helloworld\helloworld>
-----
菜鸟教程说明：
$ tree
.
|-- HelloWorld
|   |-- __init__.py
|   |-- asgi.py
|   |-- settings.py
|   |-- urls.py
|   `-- wsgi.py
`-- manage.py
目录说明：
    HelloWorld: 项目的容器。
    manage.py: 一个实用的命令行工具，可让你以各种方式与该 Django 项目进行交互。
    HelloWorld/__init__.py: 一个空文件，告诉 Python 该目录是一个 Python 包。
    HelloWorld/asgi.py: 一个 ASGI 兼容的 Web 服务器的入口，以便运行你的项目。
    HelloWorld/settings.py: 该 Django 项目的设置/配置。
    HelloWorld/urls.py: 该 Django 项目的 URL 声明; 一份由 Django 驱动的网站"目录"。
    HelloWorld/wsgi.py: 一个 WSGI 兼容的 Web 服务器的入口，以便运行你的项目。

启动服务

python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000

C:\xiaohui\python-u8\demo\web\helloworld>python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
Performing system checks...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
You have 13 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions.
Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.
February 09, 2022 - 15:16:08
Django version 1.11.29, using settings 'helloworld.settings'
Starting development server at http://0.0.0.0:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.
[09/Feb/2022 15:17:02] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 1716

访问服务 localhost:8000

图片.png

实战

视图view与URL

先建立 views.py 视图

#!/usr/bin/python
# coding=utf-8
from django.http import HttpResponse
def sayHello(request):
    return HttpResponse("hello world")

修改原来 urls.py

"""helloworld URL Configuration
The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
]
----------
修改为
----------
"""helloworld URL Configuration
The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import url
# from django.contrib import admin
# urlpatterns = [
#     url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
# ]
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', views.sayHello),
]

注意，不同版本的 Django url、path 位置不同，当前的 Django 1.11.29 还没搞懂怎么使用 path

在项目下创建自己的应用

python manage.py startapp polls

C:\xiaohui\python-u8\demo\web\helloworld>
C:\xiaohui\python-u8\demo\web\helloworld>python manage.py startapp polls
C:\xiaohui\python-u8\demo\web\helloworld>dir
 驱动器 C 中的卷没有标签。
 卷的序列号是 8C93-6835
 C:\xiaohui\python-u8\demo\web\helloworld 的目录
2022/02/09  17:15    <DIR>          .
2022/02/09  17:15    <DIR>          ..
2022/02/09  15:13            12,288 db.sqlite3
2022/02/09  16:49    <DIR>          helloworld
2022/02/09  14:23               830 manage.py
2022/02/09  17:15    <DIR>          polls
               2 个文件         13,118 字节
               4 个目录 11,204,857,856 可用字

需要进入到项目目录里（manage.py 文件所在的目录），然后运行 python manage.py startapp app_name

数据库部分 sqlite

python manage.py migrate

C:\xiaohui\python-u8\demo\web\helloworld>python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
  Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
  Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
  Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
  Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
  Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
  Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
  Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
  Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK
  Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK
C:\xiaohui\python-u8\demo\web\helloworld>python manage.py makemigrations polls
Migrations for 'polls':
  polls\migrations\0001_initial.py
    - Create model Choice
    - Create model Question
    - Add field question to choice
C:\xiaohui\python-u8\demo\web\helloworld>
C:\xiaohui\python-u8\demo\web\helloworld>python manage.py sqlmigrate polls 0001
BEGIN;
--
-- Create model Choice
--
CREATE TABLE "polls_choice" ("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "choice_text" varchar(200) NOT NULL, "votes" integer NOT NULL);
--
-- Create model Question
--
CREATE TABLE "polls_question" ("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "question_text" varchar(200) NOT NULL, "pub_date" datetime NOT NULL);
--
-- Add field question to choice
--
ALTER TABLE "polls_choice" RENAME TO "polls_choice__old";
CREATE TABLE "polls_choice" ("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "choice_text" varchar(200) NOT NULL, "votes" integer NOT NULL, "question_id" integer NOT NULL REFERENCES "polls_question" ("id"));
INSERT INTO "polls_choice" ("choice_text", "votes", "id", "question_id") SELECT "choice_text", "votes", "id", NULL FROM "polls_choice__old";
DROP TABLE "polls_choice__old";
CREATE INDEX "polls_choice_question_id_c5b4b260" ON "polls_choice" ("question_id");
COMMIT;
C:\xiaohui\python-u8\demo\web\helloworld>
C:\xiaohui\python-u8\demo\web\helloworld>python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, polls, sessions
Running migrations:
  Applying polls.0001_initial... OK
C:\xiaohui\python-u8\demo\web\helloworld>

python manage.py shell 交互命令，可以执行models 中相关方法 https://yiyibooks.cn/xx/Django_1.11.6/intro/tutorial02.html

管理后台

python manage.py createsuperuser

小结

Django 很强大，mvc，db 都已涉及，好好学习一下。

开发笔记、心得

Django（Python 2.7.18）

安装