Using breakpoints in zxdb
Breakpoints stop execution when some code is executed. To create a breakpoint, use the break
command (b
for short) and give it a location:
```none {:.devsite-disable-click-to-copy} [zxdb] break main Breakpoint 3 (Software) on Global, Enabled, stop=All, @ main 180 ◉ 181 int main(int argc, char**argv) { 182 fbl::unique_fd dirfd;
A location can be expressed in many different ways.
* Plain function name. This will match functions with the name in any namespace:
```none {:.devsite-disable-click-to-copy}
[zxdb] break main
Member function or functions inside a specific namespace or class:
none {:.devsite-disable-click-to-copy} [zxdb] break {{"<var>my_namespace</var>"}}::{{"<var>MyClass</var>"}}::{{"<var>MyFunction</var>"}} [zxdb] break ::{{"<var>OtherFunction</var>"}}
Source file + line number (separate with a colon):
none {:.devsite-disable-click-to-copy} [zxdb] break mymain.cc:22
Line number within the current frame’s current source file (useful when stepping):
none {:.devsite-disable-click-to-copy} [zxdb] break 23
Memory address:
none {:.devsite-disable-click-to-copy} [zxdb] break 0xf72419a01
Expression: Prefixing with “*” will treat the following input as an expression that evaluates to an address. This is most often used with hardware breakpoints.
none {:.devsite-disable-click-to-copy} [zxdb] break --type=write *&foo
To list all breakpoints:
```none {:.devsite-disable-click-to-copy} [zxdb] breakpoint
> Note: this is the “breakpoint” noun (a noun by itself lists the things
> associated with it). It is not plural.
To clear a specific breakpoint, give that breakpoint index as the context for the clear command (see
“Interaction model” above). Here’s we’re using the abbreviation for `breakpoint` (`bp`):
```none {:.devsite-disable-click-to-copy}
[zxdb] bp 2 clear
Or you can clear the current breakpoint:
```none {:.devsite-disable-click-to-copy} [zxdb] clear
Whenever you create or stop on a breakpoint, that breakpoint becomes the default automatically so
`clear` always clears the one you just hit.
`clear` can also take an optional location just like a `break` command. In this way, it will try to
clear all breakpoints at that location and ignore the default breakpoint context.
> Note for GDB users: `delete <index>` is mapped to `bp <index> clear`, while `clear <number>`
> behaves the same in GDB and zxdb.
Breakpoints can also be enabled or disabled:
```none {:.devsite-disable-click-to-copy}
[zxdb] disable
[zxdb] bp 4 enable
Other properties can be modified via the “get” and “set” commands.
```none {:.devsite-disable-click-to-copy} [zxdb] bp 1 set location = Frobulator::GetThing
### Hardware data breakpoints ("watchpoints")
The processor can be set to break execution when it reads or writes certain addresses. This can be
particularly useful to track down memory corruption. Create a hardware breakpoint by specifying
"write", "execute" or "read-write" in the "type" for a break command (unlike in some other
debuggers, hardware breakpoints are exposed as a type of breakpoint rather than as a separate
"watchpoint" concept).
```none {:.devsite-disable-click-to-copy}
[zxdb] break --type=read-write --size=4 0x12345670
As a shortcut, the “watch” command will take the contents of a variable or the result of an expression and set a data write breakpoint over its range:
```none {:.devsite-disable-click-to-copy} [zxdb] watch i [zxdb] watch foo[5]->bar
Notes:
* CPUs only support a limited number of hardware watchpoints, typically around 4.
* The size of a watchpoint range is limited to 1, 2, 4, or 8 bytes and the address must be an even
multiple of the size.
* Unlike GDB, "watch" will evaluate the expression once and set a breakpoint on the result. It
won't re-evaluate the expression. In the above example, it will trigger when "bar" changes but
not if "foo[5]" changes to point to a different "bar".
* If you watch a variable on the stack and nobody touches it, you will often see it hit in
another part of the program when the stack memory is re-used. If you get a surprising breakpoint
hit, check that execution is still in the frame you expect.
### Programmatic breakpoints
You can insert a hardcoded breakpoint in your code if you want to catch some specific condition.
Clang has a builtin (it won't work in GCC Zircon builds):
```cpp
__builtin_debugtrap();
If the debugger is already attached to the process, it will stop as if a normal breakpoint was hit. You can step or continue from there. If the debugger is not already attached, this will cause a crash.