106. 从中序与后序遍历序列构造二叉树

class Solution {
    private:
    TreeNode* traversal (vector<int>& inorder, vector<int>& postorder) {
        if (postorder.size() == 0) return NULL;
        // 后序遍历数组最后一个元素，就是当前的中间节点
        int rootValue = postorder[postorder.size() - 1];
        TreeNode* root = new TreeNode(rootValue);
        // 叶子节点
        if (postorder.size() == 1) return root;
        // 找到中序遍历的切割点
        int delimiterIndex;
        for (delimiterIndex = 0; delimiterIndex < inorder.size(); delimiterIndex++) {
            if (inorder[delimiterIndex] == rootValue) break;
        }
        // 切割中序数组
        // 左闭右开区间：[0, delimiterIndex)
        vector<int> leftInorder(inorder.begin(), inorder.begin() + delimiterIndex);
        // [delimiterIndex + 1, end)
        vector<int> rightInorder(inorder.begin() + delimiterIndex + 1, inorder.end() );
        // postorder 舍弃末尾元素
        postorder.resize(postorder.size() - 1);
        // 切割后序数组
        // 依然左闭右开，注意这里使用了左中序数组大小作为切割点
        // [0, leftInorder.size)
        vector<int> leftPostorder(postorder.begin(), postorder.begin() + leftInorder.size());
        // [leftInorder.size(), end)
        vector<int> rightPostorder(postorder.begin() + leftInorder.size(), postorder.end());
        root->left = traversal(leftInorder, leftPostorder);
        root->right = traversal(rightInorder, rightPostorder);
        return root;
    }
    public:
    TreeNode* buildTree(vector<int>& inorder, vector<int>& postorder) {
        if (inorder.size() == 0 || postorder.size() == 0) return NULL;
        return traversal(inorder, postorder);
    }
};

优化

class Solution {
private:
    // 中序区间：[inorderBegin, inorderEnd)，后序区间[postorderBegin, postorderEnd)
    TreeNode* traversal (vector<int>& inorder, int inorderBegin, int inorderEnd, vector<int>& postorder, int postorderBegin, int postorderEnd) {
        if (postorderBegin == postorderEnd) return NULL;
        int rootValue = postorder[postorderEnd - 1];
        TreeNode* root = new TreeNode(rootValue);
        if (postorderEnd - postorderBegin == 1) return root;
        int delimiterIndex;
        for (delimiterIndex = inorderBegin; delimiterIndex < inorderEnd; delimiterIndex++) {
            if (inorder[delimiterIndex] == rootValue) break;
        }
        // 切割中序数组
        // 左中序区间，左闭右开[leftInorderBegin, leftInorderEnd)
        int leftInorderBegin = inorderBegin;
        int leftInorderEnd = delimiterIndex;
        // 右中序区间，左闭右开[rightInorderBegin, rightInorderEnd)
        int rightInorderBegin = delimiterIndex + 1;
        int rightInorderEnd = inorderEnd;
        // 切割后序数组
        // 左后序区间，左闭右开[leftPostorderBegin, leftPostorderEnd)
        int leftPostorderBegin =  postorderBegin;
        int leftPostorderEnd = postorderBegin + delimiterIndex - inorderBegin; // 终止位置是 需要加上 中序区间的大小size
        // 右后序区间，左闭右开[rightPostorderBegin, rightPostorderEnd)
        int rightPostorderBegin = postorderBegin + (delimiterIndex - inorderBegin);
        int rightPostorderEnd = postorderEnd - 1; // 排除最后一个元素，已经作为节点了
        root->left = traversal(inorder, leftInorderBegin, leftInorderEnd,  postorder, leftPostorderBegin, leftPostorderEnd);
        root->right = traversal(inorder, rightInorderBegin, rightInorderEnd, postorder, rightPostorderBegin, rightPostorderEnd);
        return root;
    }
public:
    TreeNode* buildTree(vector<int>& inorder, vector<int>& postorder) {
        if (inorder.size() == 0 || postorder.size() == 0) return NULL;
        // 左闭右开的原则
        return traversal(inorder, 0, inorder.size(), postorder, 0, postorder.size());
    }
};

使用哈希表记录索引

先构建所有右子树，再构建左子树

class Solution {
    int post_idx;
    unordered_map<int, int> idx_map;
public:
    TreeNode* helper(int in_left, int in_right, vector<int>& inorder, vector<int>& postorder){
        // 如果这里没有节点构造二叉树了，就结束
        if (in_left > in_right) {
            return nullptr;
        }
        // 选择 post_idx 位置的元素作为当前子树根节点
        int root_val = postorder[post_idx];
        TreeNode* root = new TreeNode(root_val);
        // 根据 root 所在位置分成左右两棵子树
        int index = idx_map[root_val];
        // 下标减一
        post_idx--;
        // 构造右子树
        root->right = helper(index + 1, in_right, inorder, postorder);
        // 构造左子树
        root->left = helper(in_left, index - 1, inorder, postorder);
        return root;
    }
    TreeNode* buildTree(vector<int>& inorder, vector<int>& postorder) {
        // 从后序遍历的最后一个元素开始
        post_idx = (int)postorder.size() - 1;
        // 建立（元素，下标）键值对的哈希表
        int idx = 0;
        for (auto& val : inorder) {
            idx_map[val] = idx++;
        }
        return helper(0, (int)inorder.size() - 1, inorder, postorder);
    }
};