单元测试 unittest

unittest 用于测试一个源代码单元， 官方文档

重复一次以上的代码，就要自动化

unittest 使用

1. 编写源代码

源代码文件名， Person.py

class Person:
    name = []
    def set_name(self, user_name):
        self.name.append(user_name)
        return len(self.name) - 1
    def get_name(self, user_id):
        if user_id >= len(self.name):
            return 'There is no such user'
        else:
            return self.name[user_id]
if __name__ == "__main__":
    person = Person()
    print('User Abbas has been added with id ', person.set_name('Abbas'))
    print('User associated with id 0 is ', person.get_name(0))

1. 编写单元测试

单元测试文件名 Person_test.py

import unittest
# 这是我们想要测试的类，所以需要导入它
import Person as PersonClass
class Test(unittest.TestCase):
    """
    基数继承自 unittest.TestCase
    """
    person = PersonClass.Person()  # 实例化 Person class
    user_id = []  # 存储 userid
    user_name = []  # 存储 user name
    # 测试用例检查 Person.set_name 功能
    def test_0_set_name(self):
        """
        任何 'test_' 开头的方法，被认为一个测试用例
        """
        print("start set_name test \n")
        for i in range(4):
            # 初始化一个name
            name = 'name' + str(i)
            # 保存 name 到 user_name list
            self.user_name.append(name)
            # 获取 user id
            user_id = self.person.set_name(name)
            # 检查获得的 user id 为空，或者不是
            self.assertIsNotNone(user_id)
            # 保存 user id 到 user_id list
            self.user_id.append(user_id)
        print('user_id length = ', len(self.user_id))
        print(self.user_id)
        print('user_name length =', len(self.user_name))
        print(self.user_name)
        print('\nFinish set_name test\n')
    # 测试用例检查 Person.get_name 功能
    def test_1_get_name(self):
        print("\nstart get_name test\n")
        """
        任何 'test_' 开头的方法，被认为一个测试用例
        """
        length = len(self.user_id)  # 存储的用户信息的总数
        print('user_id length = ', length)
        print('user_name length = ', len(self.user_name))
        for i in range(6):
            """
            测试用例完整的检查 Person.get_name的各逻辑分支
            """
            if i < length:
                # 验证逻辑： 如果不超过总数，验证返回的 用户名
                # 如果两个名称不匹配，测试用例结果：失败
                self.assertEqual(self.user_name[i],
                                 self.person.get_name(self.user_id[i]))
            else:
                print('Testing for get_name no user test')
                # 超过总数的，再做 'no such user' 类型检查
                self.assertEqual('There is no such user',
                                 self.person.get_name(i))
        print('\nFinish get_name test\n')
if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()

请注意，unittest 模块按其名称的顺序执行测试功能（不是按定义的顺序执行）
我们希望首先执行 set_name ，所以我们将测试用例函数命名为 test_0_set_name 和 test_1_get_name

1. 运行单元测试

python -m unittest Person_test.Test

1. 测试结果

D:\projects\pythoncode\pythonstudy>python -m unittest Person_test.Test
start set_name test
user_id length =  4
[0, 1, 2, 3]
user_name length = 4
['name0', 'name1', 'name2', 'name3']
Finish set_name test
.
start get_name test
user_id length =  4
user_name length =  4
Testing for get_name no user test
Testing for get_name no user test
Finish get_name test
.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 2 tests in 0.002s
OK

详细输出

D:\projects\pythoncode\pythonstudy>python -m unittest -v Person_test.Test
test_0_set_name (Person_test.Test) ... start set_name test
user_id length =  4
[0, 1, 2, 3]
user_name length = 4
['name0', 'name1', 'name2', 'name3']
Finish set_name test
ok
test_1_get_name (Person_test.Test) ...
start get_name test
user_id length =  4
user_name length =  4
Testing for get_name no user test
Testing for get_name no user test
Finish get_name test
ok
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 2 tests in 0.005s
OK
D:\projects\pythoncode\pythonstudy>

测试步骤

单元测试结构

基本结构
通过子类化 unittest.TestCase 来创建单个单元测试用例

import unittest
class Testing(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_string(self):
        a = 'some'
        b = 'some'
        self.assertEqual(a, b)
    def test_boolean(self):
        a = True
        # b = True
        b = False
        self.assertEqual(a, b)
if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()

运行方式

两种方式