主从介绍
MySQL主从又叫做Replication、AB复制。简单讲就是A和B两台机器做主从后,在A上写数据,另外一台B也会跟着写数据,两者数据实时同步的。
MySQL主从是基于binlog的,主上须开启binlog才能进行主从。
主从过程大致有3个步骤:
1)主将更改操作记录到binlog里
2)从将主的binlog事件(sql语句)同步到从本机上并记录在relaylog里中继日志
3)从根据relaylog里面的sql语句按顺序执行
- 主服务器上有一个log dump线程,用来和从的I/O线程传递binlog;
- 从服务器上有两个线程,其中I/O线程用来同步主的binlog并生成relaylog,另外一个SQL线程用来把relaylog里面的sql语句落地。
使用场景
1、数据的备份。
单纯的读。当主服务器损坏,从服务器可以顶替
2、主从同时被使用
当主的服务器压力过大,从节点也被用来读数据。配置
准备
| 主机名 | IP | MySQL版本 | centos版本 | | —- | —- | —- | —- | | server | 192.168.200.50 | mysql-5.6.47-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz | centos7.2-1511 | | client | 192.168.200.40 | | |
过程
主节点配置
# .err结尾的文件为错误日志
[root@server ~]# ls -a /data/mysql/
. ibdata1 lnmp.err performance_schema test
.. ib_logfile0 lnmp.pid server.err
auto.cnf ib_logfile1 mysql server.pid
# 修改配置文件 /etc/my.cnf 确定有log_bin 和server_id
[root@server ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
log_bin=zzx
server_id = 50
[root@server ~]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
# 可以看到多出log_bin名为开头的两个文件,zzx.000001、zzx.index
# 这两个文件为bin_log文件和索引文件 可以参考流程图
[root@server ~]# ls -a /data/mysql/
. ibdata1 lnmp.err performance_schema test
.. ib_logfile0 lnmp.pid server.err zzx.000001
auto.cnf ib_logfile1 mysql server.pid zzx.index
# 备份mysql库(加入环境变量)
[root@lnmp ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 mysql > /tmp/mysql.sql
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
# 创建一个库保存数据
[root@lnmp ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "create database kei"
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
# 将mysql库恢复成新建的库,作为测试数据
[root@lnmp ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 kei < /tmp/mysql.sql
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
# 创建主从用户 权限
[root@lnmp ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@192.168.200.40 identified by '000000';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> show master status;
+------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| zzx.000001 | 410 | | | |
+------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
从节点配置
# 从节点修改配置文件,确保有server_id 这个字段,我这里直接克隆主节点
# 字段id不要一样,一般以ip最后一位结尾
[root@client ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
server_id = 50
[root@lnmp ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql> stop slave;
# 在主上将文件拷贝到从上,并在从上查看文件大小是否一致
[root@lnmp ~]# scp /tmp/mysql.sql root@192.168.200.40:/tmp/
The authenticity of host '192.168.200.40 (192.168.200.40)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is 36:87:11:e2:ab:8e:59:29:54:40:82:00:04:35:c8:88.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.200.40' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.200.40's password:
mysql.sql 100% 683KB 683.3KB/s 00:00
# 创建一个和主一样的库
[root@lnmp ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "create database kei"
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
# 将文件内容导入库
[root@lnmp ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 kei < /tmp/mysql.sql
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
# 创建连接, 主节点信息,bin_log文件名及大小
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.200.50',master_user='repl',master_password='000000',master_log_file='zzx.000001',master_log_pos=410;
mysql> start slave;
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State:
Master_Host: 192.168.200.50
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: zzx.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 699937
Relay_Log_File: lnmp-relay-bin.000001
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File: zzx.000001
Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: No
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 699937
Relay_Log_Space: 120
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 0
Master_UUID:
Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State:
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
测试
# 主节点创建一个库,测试操作在这个库进行
[root@lnmp ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql> create database zzx;
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| kei |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| zzx |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# 从节点查看同步信息
[root@lnmp ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| kei |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| zzx |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)
Bash
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