方法一：
    如果没有downloadonly插件，就是用以下命令安装

    1. yum install yum-plugin-downloadonly
    1. yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=<directory> <package-name>
    1. yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/data/package xxx xxx xxx

    例子：

    1. yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/root/mypackages/  nginx

    终端输出:

    1. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
    2. base                                                                                                                                                                                                         | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
    3. epel/x86_64/metalink                                                                                                                                                                                         | 5.7 kB  00:00:00     
    4. epel                                                                                                                                                                                                         | 4.7 kB  00:00:00     
    5. extras                                                                                                                                                                                                       | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
    6. updates                                                                                                                                                                                                      | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
    7. (1/3): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                                                                                           | 3.6 MB  00:00:01     
    8. (2/3): epel/x86_64/updateinfo                                                                                                                                                                                | 848 kB  00:00:02     
    9. (3/3): epel/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                                                                                                | 6.1 MB  00:03:08     
    10. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
    11.  * base: mirrors.cn99.com
    12.  * epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
    13.  * extras: mirrors.cn99.com
    14.  * updates: mirrors.cn99.com
    15. Resolving Dependencies
    16. --> Running transaction check
    17. ---> Package nginx.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed
    18. --> Processing Dependency: nginx-all-modules = 1:1.12.2-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
    19. --> Processing Dependency: nginx-filesystem = 1:1.12.2-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
    20. --> Processing Dependency: libcrypto.so.10(OPENSSL_1.0.2)(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
    21. --> Processing Dependency: nginx-filesystem for package: 1:nginx-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
    22. --> Processing Dependency: libprofiler.so.0()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
    23. --> Running transaction check
    24. ---> Package gperftools-libs.x86_64 0:2.4-8.el7 will be installed
    25. --> Processing Dependency: libunwind.so.8()(64bit) for package: gperftools-libs-2.4-8.el7.x86_64
    26. ---> Package nginx-all-modules.noarch 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed
    27. --> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-geoip = 1:1.12.2-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch
    28. --> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-image-filter = 1:1.12.2-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch
    29. --> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-perl = 1:1.12.2-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch
    30. --> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter = 1:1.12.2-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch
    31. --> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-mail = 1:1.12.2-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch
    32. --> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-stream = 1:1.12.2-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch
    33. ---> Package nginx-filesystem.noarch 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed
    34. ---> Package openssl-libs.x86_64 1:1.0.1e-42.el7.9 will be updated
    35. --> Processing Dependency: openssl-libs(x86-64) = 1:1.0.1e-42.el7.9 for package: 1:openssl-1.0.1e-42.el7.9.x86_64
    36. ---> Package openssl-libs.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-8.el7 will be an update
    37. --> Running transaction check
    38. ---> Package libunwind.x86_64 2:1.2-2.el7 will be installed
    39. ---> Package nginx-mod-http-geoip.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed
    40. --> Processing Dependency: GeoIP for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
    41. --> Processing Dependency: libGeoIP.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
    42. ---> Package nginx-mod-http-image-filter.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed
    43. --> Processing Dependency: gd for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
    44. --> Processing Dependency: libgd.so.2()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
    45. ---> Package nginx-mod-http-perl.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed
    46. ---> Package nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed
    47. --> Processing Dependency: libxslt.so.1(LIBXML2_1.0.11)(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
    48. --> Processing Dependency: libxslt.so.1(LIBXML2_1.0.18)(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
    49. --> Processing Dependency: libexslt.so.0()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
    50. --> Processing Dependency: libxslt.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
    51. ---> Package nginx-mod-mail.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed
    52. ---> Package nginx-mod-stream.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed
    53. ---> Package openssl.x86_64 1:1.0.1e-42.el7.9 will be updated
    54. ---> Package openssl.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-8.el7 will be an update
    55. --> Running transaction check
    56. ---> Package GeoIP.x86_64 0:1.5.0-11.el7 will be installed
    57. ---> Package gd.x86_64 0:2.0.35-26.el7 will be installed
    58. --> Processing Dependency: libpng15.so.15(PNG15_0)(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64
    59. --> Processing Dependency: libjpeg.so.62(LIBJPEG_6.2)(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64
    60. --> Processing Dependency: libpng15.so.15()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64
    61. --> Processing Dependency: libjpeg.so.62()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64
    62. --> Processing Dependency: libfontconfig.so.1()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64
    63. --> Processing Dependency: libXpm.so.4()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64
    64. --> Processing Dependency: libX11.so.6()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64
    65. ---> Package libxslt.x86_64 0:1.1.28-5.el7 will be installed
    66. --> Running transaction check
    67. ---> Package fontconfig.x86_64 0:2.10.95-11.el7 will be installed
    68. --> Processing Dependency: fontpackages-filesystem for package: fontconfig-2.10.95-11.el7.x86_64
    69. --> Processing Dependency: font(:lang=en) for package: fontconfig-2.10.95-11.el7.x86_64
    70. ---> Package libX11.x86_64 0:1.6.5-1.el7 will be installed
    71. --> Processing Dependency: libX11-common >= 1.6.5-1.el7 for package: libX11-1.6.5-1.el7.x86_64
    72. --> Processing Dependency: libxcb.so.1()(64bit) for package: libX11-1.6.5-1.el7.x86_64
    73. ---> Package libXpm.x86_64 0:3.5.12-1.el7 will be installed
    74. ---> Package libjpeg-turbo.x86_64 0:1.2.90-5.el7 will be installed
    75. ---> Package libpng.x86_64 2:1.5.13-7.el7_2 will be installed
    76. --> Running transaction check
    77. ---> Package fontpackages-filesystem.noarch 0:1.44-8.el7 will be installed
    78. ---> Package libX11-common.noarch 0:1.6.5-1.el7 will be installed
    79. ---> Package libxcb.x86_64 0:1.12-1.el7 will be installed
    80. --> Processing Dependency: libXau.so.6()(64bit) for package: libxcb-1.12-1.el7.x86_64
    81. ---> Package lyx-fonts.noarch 0:2.2.3-1.el7 will be installed
    82. --> Running transaction check
    83. ---> Package libXau.x86_64 0:1.0.8-2.1.el7 will be installed
    84. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
    86. Dependencies Resolved
    88. ====================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
    89.  Package                                                              Arch                                            Version                                                   Repository                                     Size
    90. ====================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
    91. Installing:
    92.  nginx                                                                x86_64                                          1:1.12.2-1.el7                                            epel                                          529 k
    93. Installing for dependencies:
    94.  GeoIP                                                                x86_64                                          1.5.0-11.el7                                              base                                          1.1 M
    95.  fontconfig                                                           x86_64                                          2.10.95-11.el7                                            base                                          229 k
    96.  fontpackages-filesystem                                              noarch                                          1.44-8.el7                                                base                                          9.9 k
    97.  gd                                                                   x86_64                                          2.0.35-26.el7                                             base                                          146 k
    98.  gperftools-libs                                                      x86_64                                          2.4-8.el7                                                 base                                          272 k
    99.  libX11                                                               x86_64                                          1.6.5-1.el7                                               base                                          606 k
    100.  libX11-common                                                        noarch                                          1.6.5-1.el7                                               base                                          164 k
    101.  libXau                                                               x86_64                                          1.0.8-2.1.el7                                             base                                           29 k
    102.  libXpm                                                               x86_64                                          3.5.12-1.el7                                              base                                           55 k
    103.  libjpeg-turbo                                                        x86_64                                          1.2.90-5.el7                                              base                                          134 k
    104.  libpng                                                               x86_64                                          2:1.5.13-7.el7_2                                          base                                          213 k
    105.  libunwind                                                            x86_64                                          2:1.2-2.el7                                               base                                           57 k
    106.  libxcb                                                               x86_64                                          1.12-1.el7                                                base                                          211 k
    107.  libxslt                                                              x86_64                                          1.1.28-5.el7                                              base                                          242 k
    108.  lyx-fonts                                                            noarch                                          2.2.3-1.el7                                               epel                                          159 k
    109.  nginx-all-modules                                                    noarch                                          1:1.12.2-1.el7                                            epel                                           16 k
    110.  nginx-filesystem                                                     noarch                                          1:1.12.2-1.el7                                            epel                                           17 k
    111.  nginx-mod-http-geoip                                                 x86_64                                          1:1.12.2-1.el7                                            epel                                           23 k
    112.  nginx-mod-http-image-filter                                          x86_64                                          1:1.12.2-1.el7                                            epel                                           26 k
    113.  nginx-mod-http-perl                                                  x86_64                                          1:1.12.2-1.el7                                            epel                                           35 k
    114.  nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter                                           x86_64                                          1:1.12.2-1.el7                                            epel                                           25 k
    115.  nginx-mod-mail                                                       x86_64                                          1:1.12.2-1.el7                                            epel                                           53 k
    116.  nginx-mod-stream                                                     x86_64                                          1:1.12.2-1.el7                                            epel                                           76 k
    117. Updating for dependencies:
    118.  openssl                                                              x86_64                                          1:1.0.2k-8.el7                                            base                                          492 k
    119.  openssl-libs                                                         x86_64                                          1:1.0.2k-8.el7                                            base                                          1.2 M
    121. Transaction Summary
    122. ====================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
    123. Install  1 Package  (+23 Dependent packages)
    124. Upgrade             (  2 Dependent packages)
    126. Total download size: 6.0 M
    127. Background downloading packages, then exiting:
    128. Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.
    129. (1/26): fontpackages-filesystem-1.44-8.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                        | 9.9 kB  00:00:00     
    130. (2/26): fontconfig-2.10.95-11.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                 | 229 kB  00:00:00     
    131. (3/26): gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                          | 146 kB  00:00:00     
    132. (4/26): libX11-1.6.5-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                        | 606 kB  00:00:00     
    133. (5/26): libX11-common-1.6.5-1.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                                 | 164 kB  00:00:00     
    134. (6/26): libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                      |  29 kB  00:00:00     
    135. (7/26): libXpm-3.5.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                       |  55 kB  00:00:00     
    136. (8/26): libjpeg-turbo-1.2.90-5.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                | 134 kB  00:00:00     
    137. (9/26): libpng-1.5.13-7.el7_2.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                     | 213 kB  00:00:00     
    138. (10/26): libunwind-1.2-2.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                      |  57 kB  00:00:00     
    139. (11/26): libxcb-1.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                        | 211 kB  00:00:00     
    140. (12/26): libxslt-1.1.28-5.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                     | 242 kB  00:00:00     
    141. warning: /root/mypackages/lyx-fonts-2.2.3-1.el7.noarch.rpm.12470.tmp: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 352c64e5: NOKEY
    142. Public key for lyx-fonts-2.2.3-1.el7.noarch.rpm.12470.tmp is not installed
    143. (13/26): lyx-fonts-2.2.3-1.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                                    | 159 kB  00:00:00     
    144. (14/26): GeoIP-1.5.0-11.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                       | 1.1 MB  00:00:01     
    145. (15/26): nginx-filesystem-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                            |  17 kB  00:00:00     
    146. (16/26): nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                 |  26 kB  00:00:00     
    147. (17/26): nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                           |  16 kB  00:00:00     
    148. (18/26): nginx-mod-http-perl-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                         |  35 kB  00:00:00     
    149. (19/26): nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                  |  25 kB  00:00:00     
    150. (20/26): nginx-mod-stream-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                            |  76 kB  00:00:00     
    151. (21/26): nginx-mod-mail-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                              |  53 kB  00:00:00     
    152. (22/26): nginx-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                       | 529 kB  00:00:01     
    153. (23/26): openssl-1.0.2k-8.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                     | 492 kB  00:00:00     
    154. (24/26): openssl-libs-1.0.2k-8.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                | 1.2 MB  00:00:00     
    155. (25/26): nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                        |  23 kB  00:00:01     
    156. (26/26): gperftools-libs-2.4-8.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                | 272 kB  00:00:13     
    157. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    158. Total                                                                                                                                                                                               438 kB/s | 6.0 MB  00:00:13     
    159. exiting because "Download Only" specified

    现在去你指定的目录位置下，你将会看到那里有下载好的软件包和依赖的软件。在我这种情况下，我已经把软件包下载到 /root/mypackages/ 目录下。

    让我们来查看一下内容:

    1. [root@node76 ~]# ls mypackages/
    2. fontconfig-2.10.95-11.el7.x86_64.rpm           libpng-1.5.13-7.el7_2.x86_64.rpm      libXpm-3.5.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm             nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm         openssl-1.0.2k-8.el7.x86_64.rpm
    3. fontpackages-filesystem-1.44-8.el7.noarch.rpm  libunwind-1.2-2.el7.x86_64.rpm        libxslt-1.1.28-5.el7.x86_64.rpm            nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm  openssl-libs-1.0.2k-8.el7.x86_64.rpm
    4. gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64.rpm                    libX11-1.6.5-1.el7.x86_64.rpm         lyx-fonts-2.2.3-1.el7.noarch.rpm           nginx-mod-http-perl-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    5. GeoIP-1.5.0-11.el7.x86_64.rpm                  libX11-common-1.6.5-1.el7.noarch.rpm  nginx-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm              nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    6. gperftools-libs-2.4-8.el7.x86_64.rpm           libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm       nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm  nginx-mod-mail-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    7. libjpeg-turbo-1.2.90-5.el7.x86_64.rpm          libxcb-1.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm          nginx-filesystem-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm   nginx-mod-stream-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

    正如你在上面输出所看到的, nginx软件包已经被依据所有依赖性下载完成了 。

    请注意，这个插件适用于 yum install/yum update， 但是并不适用于 yum groupinstall。默认情况下，这个插件将会下载仓库中最新可用的软件包。然而你可以通过指定版本号来下载某个特定的软件版本。
    例子:

    1. yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/root/mypackages/ httpd-2.2.6-40.el7

    此外，你也可以如下一次性下载多个包：

    1. yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/root/mypackages/ httpd vsftpd

    方法二：

    1. yum install -y yum-utils

    以 root 身份运行如下命令安装 “Yumdownloader” 工具。

    1. yum install yum-utils

    一旦安装完成，运行如下命令去下载一个软件包，例如 httpd:

    1. yumdownloader httpd

    为了根据所有依赖性下载软件包，我们使用 —resolve 参数：

    1. yumdownloader --resolve httpd

    默认情况下，Yumdownloader 将会下载软件包到当前工作目录下。

    为了将软件下载到一个特定的目录下，我们使用 —destdir 参数：

    1. yumdownloader --resolve --destdir=/root/mypackages/ httpd

    或者：

    1. yumdownloader --resolve --destdir /root/mypackages/ httpd

    不像 Downloadonly 插件，Yumdownload 可以下载一组相关的软件包。

    1. yumdownloader "@Development Tools" --resolve --destdir /root/mypackages/

    rpm包安装

    1. rpm -Uvh --force --nodeps *rpm